• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to evaluate on the removal effect of total nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal wastewater with temperature change from 1$0^{\circ}C$ to 24$^{\circ}C$ in CNR(Cilia Nutrient Removal) process. CNR process is the process combining $A^2$/O process with cilium media of H2L company. The removal efficiencies for T-N were found to be 57.9% at 1$0^{\circ}C$ below, 53.7% at 10-2$0^{\circ}C$, 52.2%at 20-24$^{\circ}C$ and 44.4% over 24$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The removal efficiencies for T-P were 53.3% at 1$0^{\circ}C$ below, 59.1% at 10-2$0^{\circ}C$, 72.4% at 20-24$^{\circ}C$ and 50.0% over 24$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The specific nitrification rate (kg NH$_3$-N/kg MLSS.d) of Oxic basin was 0.088 and 0.053 at 1$0^{\circ}C$ below, 0.077 at 10-2$0^{\circ}C$, 0.097 at 20-24$^{\circ}C$ and 0.088 over 24$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The specific denitrification rate (kg NH$_3$-N/kg MLSS.d) in anaerobic and anoxic was 0.013, 0.008 respectively.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate the NMR relaxation properties of newly developed high performance paramagnetic complexes. Materials and methods : 4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid (0.63g, 4 mmol) was mixed with the suspension solution of DMF (15mL) and DTPA-bis-anhydride (0.71g, 2 mmol) to synthesize the ligand. The ligand was then mixed with Gd2O3 (0.18g, 0.5 mmol) to synthesize Gd-chelate. For the measurement of magnetic relaxivity of paramagnetic compounds, the compounds were diluted to 1mM and then the relaxation times were measured at 1.5T(64 MHz). Inversion-recovery pulse sequence was employed for T1 relaxation measurement and CPMG(Carr-Purcell-Meiboon-Gill) pulse sequence was employed for T2 relaxation measurement. Using MATLAB(Version 7.1) program, T1 magnetic relaxation map, R1 map, T2 magnetic relaxation map and R2 map were developed to represent magnetic relaxation time and magnetic relaxivity as image. Results : Compared to $R1=4.9mM^{-1}sec^{-1}$ and $R2=4.8mM^{-1}sec^{-1}$ of Omniscan (Gadodiamide), which is commercially available paramagnetic MR agent, R1 of SUK090(Gd-C32H74N5O24) was $12.46mM^{-1}sec^{-1}$ and R1 of SUK091(Gd-C34H78N5O24) was $12.77mM^{-1}sec^{-1}$. However, R1 of SUK092(Gd-C30H56N5O17) was decreased to $2.09mM^{-1}sec^{-1}$. In case of R2, SUK090(Gd-C32H74N5O24) was $8.76mM^{-1}sec^{-1}$ and SUK091(Gd-C34H78N5O24) was $7.60mM^{-}1sec^{-1}$ whereas SUK092(Gd-C30H56N5O17) was decreased to $1.82mM^{-1}sec^{-1}$. Conclusion : Among three new paramagnetic complexes, SUK090(Gd-C32H74N5O24) and SUK091(Gd-C34H78N5O24) showed higher T1, T2 magnetic relaxation rates than that of commercially available paramagnetic MR agent and thus expected to have more contrast enhancement effect.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1995

The crystal structure of 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-[N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)amino]-3-phenylsulfonylpyrrolidind [C24H36O8N2S] has been from single crystal x-ray diffraction study ; C24H36O8N2S triclinic, p1, a=11.363(8)Å, b=11.589(6)Å, c=11.013(10)Å,α=95.32(6)°,β=98.64(7)°,γ=79.57(5)°,V=1406.8(18)Å3, t=293K, Z=2, CuKα(λ=1.5418Å). The molecular structure was solved by diredt method and refined by full-matrix least squares to a final R=9.78% for 3621 unique observed [F≥4σ(F)] reflections and 703 paramenters.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.694-701
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• 2013

A new copolymer named T-TI24T (poly((5,5-(2-butyl-5,6-bisdecyloxy-4,7-di-thiophen-2-yl-isoindole-1,3-dione))- alt-(2,5-thiophene))) based on phthalimide derivative and thiophene is synthesized by the Stille-coupling reaction. The polymer shows relatively high number average molecular weight of 86500 g/mol with good solubility in common organic solvents such as chloroform, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and toluene and is thermally stable up to $380^{\circ}C$. Besides, it possesses a relatively low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of -5.33 eV, promising the high open circuit voltage ($V_{oc}$) for photovoltaic applications. Active layer solution of polymer T-TI24T-as a donor and (6)-1-(3-(methoxycarbonyl)- {5}-1-phenyl[5,6]-fullerene (PCBM)-as an acceptor in different weight ratios is applied to fabricate the polymer solar cell devices. The ratio of polymer/PCBM affects the solar cell efficiency and the best performance exhibits in the device with polymer/PCBM = 1:3 (w/w), which shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.199% and a $V_{oc}$ of 0.99 V, respectively. Even though the device shows the very low PCE, the $V_{oc}$ is higher than that of well known bulk heterojunction type solar cell based on P3HT:PC61BM (c.a. 0.5 V).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.589-597
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• 2006

Genistein, a natural isoflavonoid phytoestrogen, is a strong inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase and DNA topoisomerase activities. There are several studies documenting molecular alterations leading to cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis by genistein as a chemopreventive agent in a variety of cancer cell lines; however, its mechanism of action and its molecular targets on human bladder carcinoma and leukemic cells remain unclear. In the present study, we have addressed the mechanism of action by which genistein suppressed the proliferation of T24 bladder carcinoma and U937 leukemic cells. Genistein significantly inhibited the cell growth and induced morphological changes, and induced the G2/M arrest of the cell cycle in both T24 and U937 cells with a relatively stronger cytotoxicity in U937. The G2/M arrest in T24 cells was associated with the inhibition of cyclin A, cyclin B1 and Cdc25C protein expression without alteration of tumor suppressor p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1). However, the inhibitory effects of genistein on the cell growth of U937 cells were connected with a marked inhibition of cyclin B1 and an induction of Cdk inhibitor p21 proteins by p53-independent manner. These data suggest that genistein may exert a strong anticancer effect and additional studies will be needed to evaluate the different mechanisms between T24 and U937 cells.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.33-51
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the protective effect of Saengmaek-san (SM) on UVB-induced HaCaT cell damage. Methods: The protective effects of Saengmaek-san(SM) were determined by UVB-induced HaCaT assay. We assessed protective effects of Saengmaek-san (SM) on LDH release and nitrite release from HaCaT. And COX-2, Bcl-2, Bax, $TNF{\alpha}$, c-jun, c-fos, NF-kB, iNOS, Bcl-xL gene expression were determined in HaCaT using real-time PCR method. Results: 1. SM inhibited LDH-release, nitrite production in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 2. SM suppressed the gene expression of COX-2, $TNF{\alpha}$ in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 3. SM increased the gene expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL family protein in UVB-exposed HaCaT. 4. SM suppressed the gene expression of c-jun, c-fos, NF-kB in UVB-exposed HaCaT. Conclusions: The study showed SM inhibited the cell damage in UVB-exposed HaCaT.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2022

The effect of electron beam (EB) irradiation on superconducting properties and microstructures of MgB₂ bulk superconductors were investigated. At E-beam doses of 1×10¹⁶ e/cm² and 1×10¹⁷ e/cm², the effect of irradiation on a superconducting transition temperature (T_c) of MgB₂ was weak. As a dose increases to 5×10¹⁷ e/cm², T_c decreases by 0.5 K. The critical current density (J_c) measured at 4.2 K and 20 K, and 0 T - 5 T increases slightly as exposure time increases. X-ray diffraction for the irradiation surface of MgB₂ shows that the diffraction intensity of (hkl) peaks decreases proportionally as the exposure time increases. This indicates that the crystallinity of MgB₂ was degraded by irradiation. TEM investigation for the irradiated sample showed distorted lattice structure, which is consistent with the XRD results. The J_c increase and T_c reduction of MgB₂ by irradiation are believed to be caused by the lattice distortion.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.231-240
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• 1998

Tetraselmis is widely used as a live food because of its easy handling, high nutrient, large size and wide tolerant range of temperature and salinity. In order to find the optimum Tetraselmis species for mass culture in Korea, five species of this microalgae were examined on size, optimum culture condition ${\textperthousand}$s, $^{\circ}C.$) and nutrient composition. The results obtained were as follows: Among five species of Tetraselmis, T. sp.(Haeundae) was the largest(major axis $17.6{\pm}1.87^{\mu}$m, mean cell volume 727${\mu}$m), and T. sp. (China) the smallest (major axis $14.6{\pm}1.46^{\mu}$m, mean cell volume 625m). Tetraselmis was very eurythermal and euryhaline species. But optimum temperature and salinity for growth were 24~$30^{\circ}C.$ and 27~30${\textperthousand}$, respectively. Among five species of Tetraselmis, T. sp. (China) seemed to be the most tolerant of high temperature over $30^{\circ}C.$, and T. tetrathele of low temperature below $6^{\circ}C.$. In culture density, T. suecica showed the highest growth rate among the among the five species. The cell density of this microalgae attained to $141{\times}10^4$cells/ml at $24^{\circ}C.$ and 30${\textperthousand}$ within 7 days. In chemical composition, crude protein amount was the highest in T. suecica (44.50%), and crude lipid amount it T. sp. (Haeundae, 7.13%). Total essential amino acid amount was the highest in T. sp. (Haeundae, 50.4%) and total polyunsaturated amount in T. sp. (China, 11.7%) The results on growth and chemical composition of five species of Tetraselmis indicated that T. suecica seemed to be the most suitable species for mass culture in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2018

Melanose caused by Diaporthe citri is a serious disease on yuzu fruits. Moisture is the most important to infect after the pycnidiospores are released. In order to understand how dryness and moisture interruption affect on germination, the conidial suspensions on slide glass were dried for 0-48 h. For the moisture interruption experiment, moisture was supplied for 10 h then interrupted for 0-6 h depending on the treatments. Germinations on the treatments with longer than 15 h of dryness were less than 10%. And those with longer than 3 h of moisture interruption were less than 30%. Compared with other fungal phytopathogens, D. citri was xero-sensitive. Germination on yuzu feel medium was measured under 15, 20, 25, 30, $35^{\circ}C$ with 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 h of wetness. The minimum wetness periods achieving 10% and 50% germinations were 4.5 and 13 h, and the optimum temperatures were $29.1^{\circ}C$ and $29.2^{\circ}C$, respectively. From the yuzu medium study, the regression equations to be required wetness period achieving 10% and 50% germinations on various temperatures were $Wh_{50%}=0.1093{\times}T^2-6.3762{\times}+106.08$ and $Wh_{10%}=0.082{\times}T^2-4.8025{\times}T+74.861$.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.31-49
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to assess the protective effect of Polygonum multiflorum(PM) on UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes damage. Methods: The protective effects of Polygonum multiflorum(PM) were determined by UVB-irradiated HaCaT assay. We assessed protective effects of Polygonum multiflorum(PM) on LDH release and nitrite production from HaCaT. COX-2, Bcl-2, Bax, $TNF{\alpha}$, c-jun, c-fos, NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS, Bcl-xL gene expression were determined in HaCaT using real-time PCR method. Results: 1. PM inhibited LDH Release in UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes. 2. PM inhibited Nitrite Production in UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes. 3. PM suppressed the Gene Expression of COX-2 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes. 4. PM increased the Gene Expression of Bcl-2 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes. 5. PM didn't increase the Gene Expression of Bax in UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes. 6. PM suppressed the Gene Expression of $TNF{\alpha}$ in UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes. 7. PM suppressed the Gene Expression of c-jun in UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes. 8. PM suppressed the Gene Expression of c-fos in UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes. 9. PM suppressed the Gene Expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ in UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes. 10. PM suppressed the Gene Expression of i-NOS in UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes. 11. PM didn't increase the Gene Expression of Bcl-xL in UVB-irradiated HaCaT Keratinocytes Conclusions: In conclusion, these results suggest that PM inhibited the cell damage in UVB-irradiated HaCaT.