• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2001

This study was carried out to develop a fuzzy control technique of ventilation window for controlling a temperature in a greenhouse. To reduce the fuzzy variables, the inside air temperature shop was taken as one of fuzzy variables, because the inside air temperature variation of a greenhouse by ventilation at the same window aperture is affected by difference between inside and outside air temperature, outside wind speed and the wind direction. Therefore, the antecedent variables for fuzzy algorithm were used the control error and its slop, which was same value as the inside air temperature slop during the control period, and the conclusion variable was used the window aperture opening rate. Through the basic and applicative control experiment with the control period of 3 minutes the optimum ranges of fuzzy variables were decided. The control error and its slop were taken as 3 and 1.5 times compared with target error in steady state, and the window opening rate were taken as 30% of full size of the window aperture. To evaluate the developed fuzzy algorithm in which the optimized 19 rules of fuzzy production were used, the performances of fuzzy control and PID control were compared. The temperature control errors by the fuzzy control and PID control were lower than 1.3$^{\circ}C$ and 2.2$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The accumulated operating size of the window, the number of operating and the number of inverse operating for the fuzzy control were 0.4 times, 0.5 times and 0.3 times of those compared with the PID control. Therefore, the fuzzy control can operating the window more smooth and reduce the operating energy by 1/2 times of PID control.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2008

To evaluate the functions of vegetation mat of artificial floating island (AFI) installed in Lake Paldang, nutrients, such as total phosphorus (TP), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate $(NO_3)$ and microbial factors such as total bacterial numbers, active bacterial numbers and exoenzymatic activities of $\beta$-glucosidase and phosphatase in pore water of medium and bulk lake water were analyzed. The concentration of TN and $NO_3$ in pore water ranged from 4.4 to 7.5mg $L^{-1}$ from 1.2 to 3.8mg $L^{-1}$ respectively, which were ca. 2 times higher than those of lake water. The ranges of TP and DIP of were $1.4\sim4.1mg\;L^{-1}$ and $0.003\sim0.137mg\;L^{-1}$ in pore water of media which were $4\sim25$ and 5 times higher than those of lake water, respectively. The numbers of total bacteria and active bacteria in pore waterwere about 10 times higher than those of laker water. Also, both phosphatase and $\beta$-glucosidase activities of pore water were on an average 10 times higher than those of lake water. These results suggest that the bacteria were playing important role for nutrients concentrating and cycling in media of artificial floating island. And the medium of artificial floating island contained newly created microbial ecosystem, which is responsible for sustaining the growth of macrophytes and the creation of new aquatic ecosystem.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.392-399
• /
• 1988

The experiments were conducted to establish the effective barley haploid production system using interspecific crosses. Three spring barley cultivars. Bruce. Klages and Rodeo were used for this experiment. 1, 687 florets of three barley cultivars were crossed with bulbosum pollens. 1, 079 seeds were harvested and obtained 834 embryos so that seed set rate and embryo production rate were 64% and 77%, respectively. IAA effect was superior to NAA for root development and 1 ppm concentration of IAA gave the best result among five concentrations; 0ppm, 1ppm., 5ppm, 10ppm and 30ppm.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 2002

This experiment was conducted to elucidate the effects of fruit bagging on the amounts of pesticide residues on/in pears with two pesticides, chlorpyrifos 25% WP, and penconazole 5% WP, and two pear cultivars, Niitaka and Hwangeum-bae. Residues of chlorpyrifos and penconazole in bagged pears were only $0.4{\sim}27%$ of those in non-bagged one. Residues of both pesticides in bagged and non-bagged pears were steeply reduced in the field but slowly reduced during storage. Residues of chlorpyrifos were more in the peel than in the flesh, while penconazole in bagged pear was evenly distributed in the peel and flesh. Chlorpyrifos was evenly distributed in outer bag and inner bag irrespective of bag materials, while most of penconazole was found in outer bag rather than in inner bag. To produce safer pear from pesticide residues, removal of bag before storage is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.170-175
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the minimum concentration of citrus juice for basal medium and also to search for an additional carbon source for the best production of the gel. A concentrate of citrus fruit juice of 65$^{\circ}$Brix, it was diluted to be used as a basal medium. Static cultivation of Gluconacetobacter hansenii TL-2C for 14 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$ produced the best gel with 7.5$\pm$0.4 mm thickness in the 6-fold diluted citrus Juice concentrate without any additional nutrient. However, the same thickness could be obtained with 60 to 100-fold diluted juice concentrate when refined white sugar was added at appropriate concentrations. Glucose was the most effective sugar for the both of gel and acid production, and optimal concentration of the sugar was 10$^{\circ}$Brix. Ethyl alcohol at 1.0% had synergistic effects in combination with refined sugar and increased the gel thickness up to 15.1 mm which was 1.85 times thicker than that of refined sugar alone. However, acetic acid was not effective. Gel productivity with supplement of ethanol was 172.6$\pm$8.4 g wet/L, and it was approximately equal to 4.7 g of dry gel/L.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.343-352
• /
• 2024

This study aimed to develop probiotics with anti-periodontitic effects to help treat inflammation in the tissues surrounding the teeth. We isolated Weisiella cibaria (W. cibareia) SPM402 and Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) SPM412 from homemade kimchi and used their cell-free supernatants. At a concentration of 10 mg/mL of L. paracasei SPM412 (LP412) inhibited the formation of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) biofilm by 95.99±0.73%. In addition, 10 mg/mL of LP412 reduced the RQ value of fimA, an adhesin gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) to 0.08±0.05, and the RQ value of radD, an adhesin gene of F. nucleatum, to 0.08±0.008. When the P. gingivalis outer membrane vehicle (Pg OMV) induced inflammation in YD-38 cells, the RQ value of TNF-α was increased to 36.68±1.85, but was reduced to 4.15±0.37 in the presence of 1 mg/mL of W. cibareia SPM402 (WC402). Similarly, in Pg OMV-induced inflammation in THP-1 cells, the RQ value of IL-1β increased to 2,330.65±204.61 but was reduced to 15.19±4.57 in the presence of 15 mg/mL of WC402. In F. nucleatum-induced inflammation in YD-38 cells, the RQ value of IL-8 increased to 15.10±1.11 and was decreased to 2.67±0.50 in the presence of 1 mg/mL of LP412. In conclusion, W. cibaria SPM402 and L. paracasei SPM412 showed potent anti-inflammatory effects against oral pathogenic bacteria and hold promise as functional probiotics with anti-periodontitic activity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.78 no.4
• /
• pp.401-411
• /
• 1989

The embryos of Pinus taeda, P. rigida, and P. taeda ${\times}$ rigida were cultured for adventitious shoot regeneration in vitro. Culture media were modified from Gresshoff and Doy (MGD), Murashige and Skoog (MMS), Lloyd and McCown (MLM), and Schenk and Hildebrandt (MSH). NAA was added to initiation media at a concentration of 0.1 or 0.01 mg/l. BAP was used at the concentrations of 0.1. 0.5, 1, 2, or 5mg/l. Each explant was induced for 3-4 weeks on solid medium. All explants were cultured up to 16 weeks. Illumination was about $1506{\pm}540lux$ at the level of the tissues in the growth room with a temperature of $25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. A 16-hour photoperiod per 24 hours was used. Half-strength medium was used for all the subcultures. For shoot production by loblolly pine, MMS, MLM, or MSH is preferred with 5 mg/l BAP with either 0.1 or 0.01 mg/l NAA. For shoot production by pitch pine, MMS, MLM, or MSH is recommended with 2 or 5 mg/l BAP with 0.1 mg/l NAA. For shoot production by the hybrid pine, MMS or MLM is more effective with 1, 2 or 5 mg/l BAP with 0.1 mg/l NAA. There were no differences recognized among the species tried in the patterns of bud formation and shoot development. Different composition of media, in major and minor salts or possibly in vitamins, should be tested for the two developmental stages of adventitious shoots ; the induction of shoot buds and the elongation of them into shoots.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 1997

Rhodotorula glutinis was inoculated in the medium containing 0 ($S_0$), 0.01 ($S_1$), 0.1 ($S_2$) and 1.0% ($S_3$) Ganodoma lucidum extract and incubated in a shaking incubator at $30^{\circ}C$ for 8 days and the cell growth, sugarity, lipid content, and fatty acid composition were measured to investigate the effects of G. lucidum extract on the growth and biosynthesis of fatty acids by oleaginous yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis. After the 8 day incubation, the cell growth of $S_1,\;S_2\;and\;S_3$ increased 1.6, 1.7 and 2.1 times, respectively, than that of $S_0$. Sugar consumption of incubating medium was decreased but the crude lipid content in R. glutinis was increased with increase of the amount of G. Lucidum extract. Myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were identified by GC as the major fatty acids in the crude lipid produced by R. glutinis and the content of unsaturated fatty acids (38.6 mg/g) was greater than that of saturated fatty acids (22.3 mg/g). As the G. lucidum extract concentration increased, fatty acids contents were increased except myristic acid, and the most increase occurred at the addition of 0.1% while they were considerably decreased in the case of the addition of 1.0% G. lucidum extract.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to investigate regeneration of plants differentiated from hybrid embryos between L. longifilorum Georgia and L. elegans Kakutanohikari. In addition, proliferation of callus and process of differentiation were investigated by histological observation. The germination of hybrid embryos was observed in 86 individuals from 48 slice cultures. Plant regeneration was effective on a medium supplemented with 1 mg/L HPh, and only callus proliferation was the highest in combination of 0.1 mg/L HPh and 1 mg/L BA. Also, plant regeneration was the most effective on a medium supplemented with 50 mg/L pyridoxine. We concluded that somatic embryos were formed from procambium of callus and proliferation of embryonic or proembryonic cells were stimulated with NAA from procambial cells.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.53 no.8
• /
• pp.617-626
• /
• 2020

This study investigates changes of bifurcation discharge ratio, flow velocity distributions and characteristics of separation zone due to variation of bifurcation angle by using TELEMAC-2D model. When the bifurcation angle is reduced from 90° to 45° without changing the boundary conditions, the bifurcation discharge ratio increased by 1.5 times from 0.523 to 0.785 because of increasing the radius of curvatures, the inertia force of the downstream flow, and the pressure gradient by the downstream boundary conditions. The bifurcation discharge ratio increases non-linearly whenever the bifurcation angle decreases by 15° intervals from 90° to 45° in flow with the upstream Froude number of 0.45 to 0.74. In flow with a maximum Froude number of 0.74, the rate of increase for bifurcation discharge ratio is 31.1% and the minimum value. When the Froude number is 0.58, the bifurcation discharge ratio is 0.7 or less, and the maximum rate of increase for that ratio is 53.5%. As the upstream Froude number decreases less than 0.58, the bifurcation discharge ratio exceeds 0.7, and the rate of increase decreases. When the upstream Froude number is 0.4 higher, the dimensionless width and length changing ratio of the separation zone are about 2.56 and 5.5 times higher than in 0.4 or less.