• 대한수학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1613-1622
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• 2008

Let G be a graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G), and let g, f be two nonnegative integer-valued functions defined on V(G) such that $g(x)\;{\leq}\;f(x)$ for every vertex x of V(G). We use $d_G(x)$ to denote the degree of a vertex x of G. A (g, f)-factor of G is a spanning subgraph F of G such that $g(x)\;{\leq}\;d_F(x)\;{\leq}\;f(x)$ for every vertex x of V(F). In particular, G is called a (g, f)-graph if G itself is a (g, f)-factor. A (g, f)-factorization of G is a partition of E(G) into edge-disjoint (g, f)-factors. Let F = {$F_1$, $F_2$, ..., $F_m$} be a factorization of G and H be a subgraph of G with mr edges. If $F_i$, $1\;{\leq}\;i\;{\leq}\;m$, has exactly r edges in common with H, we say that F is r-orthogonal to H. If for any partition {$A_1$, $A_2$, ..., $A_m$} of E(H) with $|A_i|=r$ there is a (g, f)-factorization F = {$F_1$, $F_2$, ..., $F_m$} of G such that $A_i\;{\subseteq}E(F_i)$, $1\;{\leq}\;i\;{\leq}\;m$, then we say that G has (g, f)-factorizations randomly r-orthogonal to H. In this paper it is proved that every (0, mf - (m - 1)r)-graph has (0, f)-factorizations randomly r-orthogonal to any given subgraph with mr edges if $f(x)\;{\geq}\;3r\;-\;1$ for any $x\;{\in}\;V(G)$.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 1988

This experiment was performed to study the sequential accumulation of mercury in selected tissues of gold fish (Carassius auratus) exposed to 2, 6, 30, 120 and 300 $\mu$g Hg/1 as HgCl$_2$. In order to prepare treatment groups suitable for the present study, one control and five experimental groups, which were composed of I (2 $\mu$g/l), II (6$\mu$g/l), III (30$\mu$g/l), IV (120$\mu$g/l), V (300 $\mu$g/l), were used in 180 liter glass aquaria. The experiment was started by transfering 20 fish of average total length 140 $\pm$ 20 mm to each of the six tanks and allowing the uptake to take place for 12 weeks period. Fish were killed after time periods of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and samples were disected by five parts gill, kidney liver, muscle and egg. The summarized results were as follows: 1. In control group, low concentrations of mercury(range 0.01-0.11 $\mu$g/g)were determined in the all selected tissues. 2. In experimental group, the average levels of mercury residues in the gill, kidney, liver muscle and egg were 3.61-189.54 $\mu$g/g, 13.91-182.58 $\mu$g/g, 8.56-66.49 $\mu$g/g, 0.30-20.33 $\mu$g/g, and 1.63-23.76$\mu$g/g, respectively. 3. The mercury residues in selected tissues of the experimental group were generally 230-9100 times higher than those of the control group. 4. The amounts of methylmercury per total mercury in the muscle after 12 weeks were 0.10/0.30 $\mu$g/g(33.33%) in the I group, 0.14/1.18$\mu$g/g(11.86%) in the II group, 0.25/5.76 $\mu$g/g(4.34%) in the III group, 0.39/11.48$\mu$g/g(3.40%) in the IV group and 0.40/20.33 $\mu$g/g(1.97%) in the V group.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2000

목 적: 설사 환아에서 rotavirus 장염의 빈도는 매우 높으며 rotavirs에 대한 예방 접종이 실용화되었으나 국내 rotavirus 혈청형 분포에 대한 체계적인 연구 결과는 매우 드물고, 혈청형의 정확한 분포비율도 아직까지는 알려져 있지 않다. Rotavirus 설사 환아의 G 혈청형 분포를 RT-PCR 기법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 6월부터 1999년 5월까지 설사를 주소로 내원 또는 입원한 소아 202명을 대상으로 하였다. 설사 시작 후 3일 이내의 대변을 채취하여 영하 $20^{\circ}C$의 냉동고에 보존하였다. EIA(TestPack Rotavirus, Abbott Laboratories)법으로 rotavirus 양성인 검체를 선별하였으며, 양성 반응을 보인 검체를 대상으로하여 RT-PCR을 이용하여 rotavirus G serotype을 결정하였다. 결 과: 총 202 검체 중에서 rotavirus 양성은 95례였으며, 이 중 serotype 판정이 가능했던 것은 50례이었다. G serotype 1이 5례(10%), 2 (G2)가 5례(10%), 3 (G3)가 14례(28%), 4 (G4)가 13례(26%), 9(G9)이 10례(20%)였으며, G1과 G9이 함께 있는 것과, G2과 G9이 함께 있는 것, G4와 G9이 함께 있는 경우가 각 1례씩 있었다. G8은 발견되지 않았다. 결 론: 국내에 기존에는 알려지지 않았던 G9이 상당수 있으며, 일반적으로 제일 많다고 알려진 G1보다 G3, G4가 더 많은 비율을 차지하는 등 이번 연구 결과는 기존에 발표되었던 자료와는 많은 상이점을 보인다. 이는 지역적인 요인 및 시기 상의 일시적인 현상이라고 볼 수도 있으나, 보다 정확한 역학적인 자료를 얻기 위해서는 보다 광범위하고 장기적인 조사가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

There were few data for the distribution of the indicator organisms in the commercial plant foods, and for the normal flora and for the foodborne agents within the country. First of all it must be investigated the distribution of the indicator organisms. And also it is very important to prepare the sanitation criteria for the plant foods through the microbiological examination and the investigation of tendency to change of the indicator organisms according to the storage temperature and period. The average number of total viable counts for grains was 2.9$\times$105/g, psychrophilic bacteria 2.9$\times$105/g, heterotrophic bacteria 3.1$\times$105/g, heat-resistant bacteria 2.1$\times$103/g, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 23/g. That for beans was 6.3$\times$102/g, psychrophile 34/g, heterotroph 1.7$\times$102/g. That for sesames was 1.4$\times$105/g, coliform 350/g, psychrophile 7.4$\times$104/g, heterotroph 5.8$\times$104/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 2.3$\times$103/g. heat-resistant bacteria 150/g. That for potatoes was 2.0$\times$107/g, coliform 5.0$\times$104/g, psychrophile 1.8$\times$107, heterotroph 1.4$\times$107/g, heat-resistant bacteria 3.3$\times$104/, Staphylococcus 2.7$\times$105/g, fecal streptococcus 4.5$\times$103/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 7.0$\times$103/g. That for mushrooms was 1.2$\times$108/g, psychrophile 9.4$\times$107/g, heterotroph 1.0$\times$109/g, heat-resistant bacteria 1.6$\times$105/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 1.3$\times$103/g. That for vegetables was 5.9$\times$1011/g, coliform 1.8$\times$106g/, Staphylococcus 1.1$\times$1012/g, heterotroph 8.4$\times$1011/g, heat-resistant bacteria 7.6$\times$106/g, Staphylococcus 1.1$\times$107/g, fecal streptococcus 1.1$\times$104/g, Pseud. aerugniosa 5.2$\times$104/g. That for nuts 3.9$\times$104/g, coliform 3.9$\times$103/g, psychrophile 4.0$\times$104/g, heterotroph 3.2$\times$104/g, heat-resistant bacteria 400/g. In commercial grains and beans, SPC, psychrophile, heterotroph and heat-resistant bacteria stored at 1$0^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$ were constant. Staphylococcus, coliform, Pseud. aeruginosa were decreased a little n grains, but were not detected in beans. In mushrooms, all indicator organisms were increased as time goes on and were increased rapidly at 2$0^{\circ}C$. In sesames, coliform was not detected at all temperature. psychrophile was increased for 7 days, the others were constant. In potatoes, SPC, psychrophile, heat-resistant bacteria, heterotroph had a tendency to increase and the others were constant. In vegetables, indicator organisms were had a tendency to increase, psychrophile, heterotroph were rapidly increased after 7 days. In nuts, SPC, coliform, psychrophile heterotroph, heat-resistant bacteria, Pseud. aeruginosa were constant, staphylococcus and fecal streptococcus were not detected.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.407-412
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• 1990

This study was designed to elucidate the effects of administration with dietary iron and fat-free diet on the contents of unsaturated fatty acid in phospholipid molecules, vitamin E contents and malondialdehyde contents in liver, kidney, muscle and testis of the male rats. The rats were divided into 3 experimental groups, namely, control, iron injection and fat-free diet administration groups. The control group was fed with normal diet, iron injection group injected intraperitoneally 20mg of ferric hydroxide/100g of body weight 20 times every 3 days and fat-free diet group administered lipid extraction diet with hexane in normal diet. All experimental groups were maintained for 60 days with feeding on the respective ration. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In the mean contents of unsaturated fatty acid in phospholipid of liver, kidney, muscle and testis among groups, control group was 21.31mg/g, 19.38mg/g, 1.67mg/g, 13.68mg/g, iron injection group was 13.83mg/g, 16.53mg/g, 0.71mg/g, 10.11mg/g and fat-free diet group was 21.07mg/g, 19.38mg/g, 1.49mg/g and 13.40mg/g, respectively. 2. In the mean contents of vitamin E in liver, kidney, muscle and testis among groups, control group was 6.77mg/g, 1.93mg/g, 0.12mg/g, 0.17mg/g, iron injection group was 3.16mg/g, 0.86mg/g, 0.07mg/g, 0.09mg/g and fat-free diet group was 7.41mg/g, 1.50mg/g, 0.11mg/g and 0.16mg/g, respectively. 3. In the mean contents of malondialdehyde in liver, kidney, muscle, testis and serum among groups, control group was 11.29nM/0.1g, 23.25nM/0.1g, 42.47nM/0.1g, 7.01nM/0.1g, 4.33nM/ml, iron injection group was 34.98nM/0.1g, 40.55nM/0.1g, 72.21nM/0.1g, 12.26nM/0.1g, 11.27nM/ml and fat-free diet group was 8.07nM/0.1g, 20.63nM/0.1g, 39.92nM/0.1g, 6.95nM/0.1g and 4.27nM/ml, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

본 연구는 지방산합성의 완성에 관여하는 소 FASN (Fatty acid synthase) 유전자내의 g.11280G>A (Silent), g.13125T>C (Exon24-His1390Tyr)와 g.17924G>A (Exon39-Thr2158Ala) 단일염기 변이들이 한우집단 925 두를 대상으로 도체형질과의 연관성 분석, 연관불균형의 정도 및 반수체형의 분석을 위하여 수행하였다. g.11280G>A 변이의 연관성분석에 있어서는 도체중, 등지방두께 및 육량지수에 유의성이 있는 것으로 관찰되었으며 g.17924G>A변이 역시 연관성분석에서 도체중에 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 하지만 g.13125T>C 변이는 한우집단에서 형질과의 유의적인 연관성을 관찰 할 수 없었다. 또한 g.11280G>A, g.13125T>C와 g.17924G>A 변이들에 대한 연관불균형(Linkage disequilibrium) 분석을 한 결과 g.11280G>A와 g.13125T>C 두변이에 대한 r-square=0.177로 나타났으며 D'=0.568 로 관측되었다. 또한 g.13125T>C와 g.17924G>A 두 변이들은 r-square = 0.207로 나타났으며 D'=0.607로 나타났으며 g.11280G>A와 g.17924G>A 변이들은 r-square = 0.101으로 나타났으며 D'=0.920으로 관찰되었다. 연관불균형 유의수준(r-square>0.1, D'>0.500)에 따라 계산된 반수체형 총 7개중 그 빈도가 0.05 이상인 중요한 반수체형은 4개(-GCG- [0.378], -ATG- [0.301], -GTA- [0.191], -ACG- [0.063])를 선별하여 연관성분석을 실시하였다. FASN 반수체형 1번(-GCG-), 반수체형 2번(-ATG-)와 반수체형 4번 (-ACG-)는 한우집단에서 형질과의 유의적인 연관성을 관찰 할 수 없었으나 FASN 반수체형 3번(-GTA-)은 도체중과 연관성을 보였다(P=0.0327). 염색체상 반수체형 -GTA-.구조를 가지지 않은 동형접합체(0-copies)인 개체의 도체중은 354.70+3.58로 나타났으며, 반수체형 -GTA- 구조를 하나만 가지는 이형접합체(1-copies) 347.63+4.84으로 관찰되었으며 0-copies인 동형접합체보다 현저히 낮은 도체중을 나타내었다. 또한 반수체형 -GTA- 구조를 가지는 동형접합체(2-copies)인 개체는 22두가 나타났으며 도체중은 351.01+4.18로 0-copies 인 동형접합체 보다 낮은 도체중을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과는 소 FASN 유전자내의 g.11280G>A, g. 13125T>C와 g.17924G>A 변이들은 육질 뿐만 아니라 육량에도 관여하는 것으로 사료되며, FASN 유전자내의 g.11280G>A와 g.17924G>A 두 개의 단일염기변이는 한우개량사업소의 씨숫소의 유전자 마커를 통한 도움 선발(marker assisted selection, MAS)에 이용 될 수 있을 것이며 일반농가에서도 송아지 생산을 위한 암소 선발에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1102-1107
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• 2001

호박추출물, 고춧가루 및 메주를 이용하여 호박고추장을 제조할 때 가장 우수한 관능적 품질의 배합조건을 설정하고자 중심합성계획에 의한 반응표면분석법으로 모니터링하였다. 호박고추장의 색상에 대한 관능평점의 최대 배합비율은 호박추출물 함량 433.63 g, 고춧가루 함량 81.76 g 및 메주 함량 17.03 g 에서 그 관능점수가 가장 높았다 향에 대한 최적 관능조건은 호박추출물 함량 437.07 g, 고춧가루 함량 83.65 g, 메주 함량 11.90 g에서, 맛에 대한 관능평점은 호박추출물 함량 382.94 g, 고춧가루 함량 63.44 g, 메주 함량 13.10 g에서, 전반적인 기호도에 대한 관능평점은 호박추출물 함량 442.04g, 고춧가루 함량 62.58 g, 메주 함량 16.30 g에서 그 관능점수가 가장 높았다. 호박고추장의 최적 배합비율은 호박추출물 442.04 g, 고춧가루 62.58 g 메주가루 16.30 g이었다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.89-89
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• 2019

Several studies report the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) and their compounds. However, the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza cultivar roots are limited. In this study, we compared the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza cultivar (Wongam and Shinwongam) extracts with G. glabra and G. uralensis extracts in breast cancer cell lines. Freeze dried Glycyrrhiza root extracts were dissolved in cell culture media at 2 mg/mL and filtered by $0.2{\mu}m$ filter. Glycyrrhiza root extracts were serially diluted at the concentrations of $10{\mu}g/mL$, $100{\mu}g/mL$, $200{\mu}g/mL$, $400{\mu}g/mL$, $800{\mu}g/mL$, $1000{\mu}g/mL$ and $2000{\mu}g/mL$. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of Glycyrrhiza root extracts and the cell viability was measured using MTT assay. In MCF-7 cells, G. glabra showed no significant difference with Wongam and showed significant difference with Shinwongam at $1000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. glabra 101.2% and Shinwongam 82.68%) and $2000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. glabra 83.07% and Shinwongam 54.05%). G. uralensis showed significant difference with Wongam at $2000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. uralensis 66.48% and Wongam 95.02%) and showed no significant difference with Shinwongam. In MDA-MB-231 cells, G. glabra showed no significant difference with both Wongam and Shinwongam. G. uralensis showed significant difference with Wongam at $2000{\mu}g/mL$ (G. uralensis 72.59% and Wongam 93.47%) and showed no significant difference with Shinwongam. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that G, glabra and G. uralensis compared with Wongam, and Shinwongam at low concentrations ($10{\mu}g/mL{\sim}800{\mu}g/mL$) display similar cytotoxic potency.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2016

A chief factor H/K of G is called F-central in G provided $(H/K){\rtimes}(G/C_G(H/K)){\in}{\mathfrak{F}}$. A normal subgroup N of G is said to be ${\pi}{\mathfrak{F}}$-hypercentral in G if either N = 1 or $N{\neq}1$ and every chief factor of G below N of order divisible by at least one prime in ${\pi}$ is $\mathfrak{F}$-central in G. The symbol $Z_{{\pi}{\mathfrak{F}}}(G)$ denotes the ${\pi}{\mathfrak{F}}$-hypercentre of G, that is, the product of all the normal ${\pi}{\mathfrak{F}}$-hypercentral subgroups of G. We say that a subgroup H of G is ${\pi}{\mathfrak{F}}$-embedded in G if there exists a normal subgroup T of G such that HT is s-quasinormal in G and $(H{\cap}T)H_G/H_G{\leq}Z_{{\pi}{\mathfrak{F}}}(G/H_G)$, where $H_G$ is the maximal normal subgroup of G contained in H. In this paper, we use the ${\pi}{\mathfrak{F}}$-embedded subgroups to determine the structures of finite groups. In particular, we give some new characterizations of p-nilpotency and supersolvability of a group.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.781-794
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• 2008

Let $\mathbb{H}_g$ and $\mathbb{D}_g$ be the Siegel upper half plane and the generalized unit disk of degree g respectively. Let $\mathbb{C}^{(h,g)}$ be the Euclidean space of all $h{\times}g$ complex matrices. We present a partial Cayley transform of the Siegel-Jacobi disk $\mathbb{D}_g{\times}\mathbb{C}^{(h,g)}$ onto the Siegel-Jacobi space $\mathbb{H}_g{\times}\mathbb{C}^{(h,g)}$ which gives a partial bounded realization of $\mathbb{H}_g{\times}\mathbb{C}^{(h,g)}$ by $\mathbb{D}_g{\times}\mathbb{C}^{(h,g)}$. We prove that the natural actions of the Jacobi group on $\mathbb{D}_g{\times}\mathbb{C}^{(h,g)}$. and $\mathbb{H}_g{\times}\mathbb{C}^{(h,g)}$. are compatible via a partial Cayley transform. A partial Cayley transform plays an important role in computing differential operators on the Siegel Jacobi disk $\mathbb{D}_g{\times}\mathbb{C}^{(h,g)}$. invariant under the natural action of the Jacobi group $\mathbb{D}_g{\times}\mathbb{C}^{(h,g)}$ explicitly.