• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.359-374
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the chemotaxonomical correlation and chemical constituents of domestic Quercus spp. barks. The barks of Q. mongolica, Q. aliena, Q. serrata, Q. acutissima, Q. dentata, and Q. variabilis were collected in the experimental forest of Kangwon National University. The combined extracts were successively fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate using a separation funnel. A portion of the ethyl acetate and H2O soluble materials of each species were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using various aqueous MeOH and EtOH-hexane as washing solvents. Spectrometric analysis such as NMR and MS, including TLC, were performed to characterize the structures of the isolated compounds. Ellagic acid (0.03 g), (+)-catechin (4.59 g), taxifolin (3.35 g), and glucodistylin (20.52 g) were isolated from Q. mongolica bark. Gallic acid (0.18 g), (+)-catechin (8.52 g), (+)-gallocatechin (0.09 g), taxifolin (0.54 g), and glucodistylin (3.28 g) were characterized from Q. acutissima bark. Gallic acid (0.38 g), ellagic acid (0.11 g), (+)-catechin (2.01 g), (+)-gallocatechin (0.12 g), and glucodistylin (0.39 g) were identified from Q. dentata bark. Ellagic acid (1.51 g), (+)-catechin (21.91 g), and glucodistylin (3.91 g) were purified from Q. aliena bark. Ellagic acid (0.84 g), (+)-catechin (0.82 g), taxifolin (4.02 g), and glucodistylin (21.50) were isolated from Q. serrata bark. Gallic acid (0.24 g), caffeic acid (0.05 g), (+)-catechin (0.32 g), and glucodistylin (0.65 g) were purified from Q. variabilis bark. (+)-Catechin and glucodistylin were isolated from all the barks. Glucodistylin can be a taxonomic index on Quercus spp.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.191-194
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• 2013

The fresh fruit bodies of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae was irradiated with ultraviolet (UV)-B (280-320 nm) in order to increase vitamin $D_2$ contents, which was assayed using HPLC (Waters 1525, USA). The vitamin $D_2$ contents were $3.5{\mu}g/g$ after 3 min UV-B irradiation ($21.6KJ/m^2$) and $6.02{\mu}g/g$ after 5 min UV-B irradiation ($36KJ/m^2$), respectively, which showed the significant increase considering the vitamin $D_2$ content ($0.01{\mu}g/g$) before UV-B irradiation. This increasing effect was confirmed also for other edible mushrooms; Pleurotus eryngii, from $0.09{\mu}g/g$ to $2.75{\mu}g/g$ (3 min) and $5.21{\mu}g/g$ (5 min); Lentinus edodes, from $0.021{\mu}g/g$ to $3.02{\mu}g/g$ (3 min) and $3.78{\mu}g/g$ (5 min); Pleurotus ostreatus, from $0.19{\mu}g/g$ to $9.63{\mu}g/g$ (3 min) and $11.6{\mu}g/g$ (5 min). Although the original content of vitamin $D_2$ was the highest in P. ostreatus, the extent of increase by UV irradiation was remarkably high in P. eryngii var. ferulae.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.519-523
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• 1998

We have previously reported that anti-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) serum raised against native G6PD (nG6PD) enzyme recognized nG6PD antigen poorly in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Kim, 1997). In the present study, we investigated whether anti-G6PD serum raised against nG6PD can react with denatured G6PD effectively in competitive ELISA. We used partially active G6PD (paG6PD) by repeated freeze-thawing or SDS-denatured G6PD (SDS-G6PD) as both immobilized and soluble antigens, and anti-G6PD serum raised against nG6PD for competitive ELISA. The polystyrene cuvettes coated with either paG6PD or SDS-G6PD were challenged with a mixture of a limiting amount of anti-G6PD serum and various doses of paG6PD or SDS-G6PD as competitors, followed by incubation with alkaline phosphatase-anti-IgG conjugate. The competitive ELISA with paG6PD or SDS-G6PD antigen exhibited the sigmoidal dose-response curve characteristic of competition immunoassays. Furthermore, Triton-denatured G6PD (Triton-G6PD) was used in competitive ELISA. The paG6PD, SDS-G6PD, or Triton-G6PD used as competitors increased the inhibition of antibody binding to immobilized either of nG6PD or denatured G6PD compared with nG6PD competitor. The inhibition by denatured G6PD competitors was more pronounced at high competitor concentrations than at low counterparts. We conclude that anti-G6PD serum raised against nG6PD can effectively react with denatured G6PD in competitive ELISA and that our anti-G6PD serum recognizes denatured enzymes better than active enzymes.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2000

Changes in firmness and pectin contents during maturation and sotrage of Stsuma mandarin (Citrus Unshiu Marc. var. miyagawa) were investigated. Firmness of fruits was decreased quickly from 1,176.8g-force to 503.6g-dorce. Satsuma mandarin was stored at 3$^{\circ}C$ and 85%${\pm}$5% relative humidity. Firmness were decreased from 538.9g-force to 336.9g-force during storage. Alcohol-insoluble solid(AIS) of peel and flesh were decreased quickly from 27.04g/100g to 12.30g/100g, and from 2.67g/100g to 1.91g/100g during maturation of fruits. During storage of fruits, AIS of peel was decreased from 14.32g/100g to 12.06g/100g . During maturation of fruits, water soluble pectin (WSP) of peel were increased from 420.82mg/100g to 601.62mg/100g as wet basis. Hexametaphosphate soluble pectin (HMP) was also increased from 450.17mg/100g to 577/53mg/100g. hydrochloricacid soluble pectin (HSP) was decreased from 1938.30 mg/100g to 695.14mg/100g. During storage of fruits, HMP and HSP of peel was decreased from 507.82mg/100g to 695.14mg/100g. During storage of fruits, HMP and HSP of peel was decreased from 527.82mg/100g to 275.47mg/100g , and from 672.28mg/100g to 351.36mg/100g, respectively. WSP of peel was increased from 543.70mg/100g to 584.31mg/100g. Total pectin substance (TPS) of peel was decreased from 2809.79 mg/100g to 1874.29mg/100g during maturation, and from 1723.80mg/100g to 1211.14mg/100g during storage, respectively. Composition ratio of pectin was in order of WSP>HSP>HMP.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.1 s.76
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• pp.67-80
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• 1996

Eleven fruit bodies of Ganoderma sp. were collected from eight locations throughout the forest of Kangwon province and Kyunggi province in Korea. The hosts in forest were cut trunks of Quercus dentata, Q. variabilis, Prunus peria and Alnus japonica that was newly surveyed but 5 isolates were collected at the farms of Ganoderma mushroom. Most fruit bodies were formed solitarily on the cut trunks but GS-106 isolate grown in crowds on cut trunk of Alnus japonica. Optimal temperature ranges for isolates of species studied were: G. applanatum $28^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, G. lucidum $28{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, G. neo-japonicum $28^{\circ}C$, and G. tsuage $26^{\circ}C$ and all the species grew slowly at the $32^{\circ}C$. Hamada medium adjusted with pH 5.4 and 6.2 is better than other media for mycelial growth. Mycelial morphological characteristics of six species were studied: G. applanatum, G. lucidum and G. neo-japonicum produced typical type of staghoru hyphae but G. oregonens and G. valeosiacum produced staghoru hyphae with a branch of grape form. Clamp connection was observed on hypha of G. applanatum, G. lucidum, G. oregonense and G. valeosiacum except G. neo-japonicum with node type. Chlamydospore was produced by G. applanatum, G. neo-japonicum. and cuticular cells were present on hyphae of G. lucidum, G. neo-japonicum, G.oregonense and G. tsugae.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2020

Carcass traits are the most economically important traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). Recently, the development of the field of genomics has made it possible to identify DNA markers for the genetic evaluation of carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic effects of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers related to carcass traits by field evaluations in a commercial Hanwoo population. We evaluated 15 SNP markers (TG g.371T>C, APM1 g.1454G>A, FABP4 g.2834C>G, FABP4 g.3533T>A, FABP4 g.3691G>A, SCD g.10153A>G, SCD g.10329T >C, CPE g.601T>C, EDG1 g.166A>G, NPY g.4271T>C, GPD1 g.2766C>T, PDE1B g.17122A>G, PDE1B g.17507A>C, TNNT1 g.6650C>T, and RORC g.20152A>G) related to carcass traits in Hanwoo. Genotyping of these SNP markers was performed using PCR-RFLP analysis in Hanwoo steers (n = 1,536) to evaluate their association with carcass traits. Seven SNPs, APM1 g.1454G>, FABP4 g.3691G>A, SCD g.10153A>G, CPE g.601T>C, PDE1B g.17122A>G, TNNT1 g.6650C>T, and RORC g.20152A>G, were significantly associated with carcass traits such as marbling score (MS), backfat thickness (BF), musculus longissimus dorsi area (LDA), carcass weight (CW), meat grade (MG), meat color (MC), and maturity score (MA). The results suggest that these SNPs may be used as DNA markers for the selection of Hanwoo with higher meat quality.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2024

This study is about the technology convergence analysis of e-commerce related patents containing Artificial Intelligence applied for in Korea. The relationships between core technologies were analyzed and visualized using social network analysis. As a result of social network analysis, the core IPC codes that make up the mutual technology network in e-commerce related patents containing Artificial Intelligence were found to be G06Q, G06F, G06N, G16H, G10L, H04N, G06T, and A61B. In particular, it can be confirmed that there is an important convergence of data processing-related technologies such as [G06Q-G06F], [G06Q-G06N], and voice and image signals such as [G06Q-G10L], [G06Q-H04N], and [G06Q-G06T]. Using this research method, it is possible to identify future technology trends in e-commerce related patents and create new Business Models.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.809-813
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• 2012

We introduce the notion of R($g$, $g^{\prime}$)-continuity on generalized topological spaces, which is a strong form of ($g$, $g^{\prime}$)-continuity. We investigate some properties and relationships among R($g$, $g^{\prime}$)-continuity, ($g$, $g^{\prime}$)-continuity and some strong forms of ($g$, $g^{\prime}$)-continuity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.408-412
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• 2008

This research was designed to investigate the antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf. Total phenol content was obtained from guava leaf extract of 19.0 (g/100g, D.W.). The crude extract exhibited significantly antioxidant activities (IC50value $102.5{\mu}g/ml$, free radical scavenging; $49.4{\mu}g/ml$, SOD like activity). The crude extract of guava leaf was fractionated into four partition layers; hexane (G-H), ethyl acetate (G-E), butanol (G-B) and water (G-W) layer. The extracts of G-E, G-B, G-W showed high radical scavenging activities of over 50% at $100{\mu}g/ml$. SOD like activities of G-E, G-B, G-W were revealed, as 81.8%, 84.7%, 65.3% at $100{\mu}g/ml$, while those of G-H did not showed the effectively. The crude extract of guava leaf showed high tyrosinase inhibitory effect as 60.8% at 1mg/ml, the measurement of G-E, G-B, G-W were 65.2%, 62.8%, 51.6% and that of G-H was not effective. These results indicate that useful bioactive substances exist in the guava leaf extracts, especially G-E, G-B. And the guava leaf has the potential of being developed into health related products.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.1303-1314
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• 2013

An injective coloring of a graph G is an assignment of colors to the vertices of G so that any two vertices with a common neighbor receive distinct colors. A graph G is said to be injectively $k$-choosable if any list $L(v)$ of size at least $k$ for every vertex $v$ allows an injective coloring ${\phi}(v)$ such that ${\phi}(v){\in}L(v)$ for every $v{\in}V(G)$. The least $k$ for which G is injectively $k$-choosable is the injective choosability number of G, denoted by ${\chi}^l_i(G)$. In this paper, we obtain new sufficient conditions to be ${\chi}^l_i(G)={\Delta}(G)$. Maximum average degree, mad(G), is defined by mad(G) = max{2e(H)/n(H) : H is a subgraph of G}. We prove that if mad(G) < $\frac{8k-3}{3k}$, then ${\chi}^l_i(G)={\Delta}(G)$ where $k={\Delta}(G)$ and ${\Delta}(G){\geq}6$. In addition, when ${\Delta}(G)=5$ we prove that ${\chi}^l_i(G)={\Delta}(G)$ if mad(G) < $\frac{17}{7}$, and when ${\Delta}(G)=4$ we prove that ${\chi}^l_i(G)={\Delta}(G)$ if mad(G) < $\frac{7}{3}$. These results generalize some of previous results in [1, 4].