• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2001

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of fuzzy r-pre-semiopen and r-pre-semiclosed sets. With them we define fuzzy r-pre-semiinterior and r-pre-semiclosure. We also introduce and investigate the properties of a fuzzy r-pre-semicontinuous map, a fuzzy r-pre-semiopen map and a fuzzy r-pre-semiclosed map. These concepts are generalizations of the Bai Shi-Zhongs fuzzy pre-semicontinuity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 2003

When ginsenoside $R_{*}$b1/ and $R_{b2}$ were anaerobically incubated with human fecal microflora, these ginsenosides were metabolized to compound K (IH-901). When ginsenoside $R_{g3}$ was anaerobically incubated with human fecal microflora, the ginsenoside $R_{g3}$ was metabolized it to ginsenoside $R_{h2}$. Among ginsenosides, IH-901 and 20(S)-ginsenoside $R_{h2}$ exhibited the most potent cyotoxicity against tumor cells: 50% cytotoxic concentrations of IH-901 in the media with and without fetal bovine serum (FBS) were 27.1-31.6 $\mu$M and 0.1-0.61 $\mu$M, and those of 20(S)-ginsenoside $R_{h2}$ were 37.5->50 and 0.7-7.1 $\mu$M, respectively. The cytotoxic potency of ginsenosides was IH-901>20(S)-ginsenoside R $h_{h2}$》20(S)-ginsenoside $R_{g3}$>ginsenoside $R_{b1}$(equation omitted) $R_{b2}$.EX>$R_{b2}$./.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2013

Let R be a ring with identity 1, $I(R){\neq}\{0\}$ be the set of all nonunit idempotents in R, and M(R) be the set of all primitive idempotents and 0 of R. We say that I(R) is additive if for all e, $f{\in}I(R)$ ($e{\neq}f$), $e+f{\in}I(R)$. In this paper, the following are shown: (1) I(R) is a finite additive set if and only if $M(R){\backslash}\{0\}$ is a complete set of primitive central idempotents, char(R) = 2 and every nonzero idempotent of R can be expressed as a sum of orthogonal primitive idempotents of R; (2) for a regular ring R such that I(R) is a finite additive set, if the multiplicative group of all units of R is abelian (resp. cyclic), then R is a commutative ring (resp. R is a finite direct product of finite field).

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2007

Using the idea of degree of openness and degree of nonopenness, Coker and Demirci [5] defined intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces in Sostak's sense as a generalization of smooth topological spaces and intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces. M. N. Mukherjee and S. P. Sinha [10] introduced the concept of fuzzy irresolute maps on Chang's fuzzy topological spaces. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of fuzzy (r,s)-irresolute, fuzzy (r,s)-presemiopen, fuzzy almost (r,s)-open, and fuzzy weakly (r,s)-continuous maps on intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces in Sostak's sense. Using the notions of fuzzy (r,s)-neighborhoods and fuzzy (r,s)-semineighborhoods of a given intuitionistic fuzzy points, characterizations of fuzzy (r,s)-irresolute maps are displayed. The relations among fuzzy (r,s)-irresolute maps, fuzzy (r,s)-continuous maps, fuzzy almost (r,s)-continuous maps, and fuzzy weakly (r,s)-cotinuous maps are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.128-131
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of fuzzy r-$M^*$ preopen mappings between fuzzy r-minimal spaces. We also investigate the relationships among fuzzy r-M precontinuous mappings, fuzzy r-$M^*$-preopen mappings and several types of fuzzy r-minimal compactness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 2007

To investigate genetic diversity and PCR detection of Rhizina undulata, PCR detection and sequence analysis of rDNA ITS region of R. undulata in soil were analyzed and developed. The length of partial 18S rDNA from four R. undulata isolates were 1,375 nt. The sequence similarity of R. undulata isolates was 100%. The rDNA ITS regions of R. undulata isolates were 585 nt long. Nucleotide sequencing of the ITS regions showed that PDK-1, PTT-1 and PDJ-9 isolates had 100% sequence identity. But, PDS-5 isolate differed from the three isolates by two nucleotide substitution. R. undulata-specific primers designed by the sequence of ITS region were used in PCR detection of R. undulata. PCR products about 525 bp size, which is specific to R. undulata, were amplified from total DNAs of R. undulata isolates. To assay the sensitivity of PCR detection by R. undulata ITS-specific primer, purely cultured mycelial suspension of R. undulata was serially diluted and mixed with 100g of sterile sandy loam soil, respectively. And then, PCR products of total DNAs extracted from each mycelium-soil mixtures were analysed. The PCR protocol could detected up to 1ng mycelium of R. undulata within 100g of soil.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2189-2205
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• 1991

Thermodynamic properties of binary nonazeotropic refrigerant mixtures are estimated by using a modified Carnhan-Starling equation of state. In this study, pure component refrigerants such as R14, R23, R13, R13 B1, R22, R12, R134a, R152a, R142b, RC318, R114, R11, R123 and R113 are chosen and the thermodynamic properties of enthalpy and entropy are calculated in terms of relevant variables. The modified Carnahan-Starling equation of state is compared with the carnahan-Staring-De Santis equation of sate. Results show that the relative errors become slightly smaller with the equation of state proposed in this study. Correlations are obtained for the mixtures of which the vapor liquid equilibruim data are available to us in the literature. Those mixtures are R14/R23, R23/R12, R13/R12, R13/R11, R13B1/R22, R13B1/RC318, R12/RC138, R12/R114 and R12/R11. The binary interaction coefficients are found under the condition of minimizing the pressure deviations at the vapor liquid equiblibrium state and the estimation of the vapor liquid equilibrium for the refrigerant mixtures is done. Pressure-enthalpy and temperature-entropy diagrams are plotted for the refrigerant mixtures of specific composition.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.373-386
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• 2014

Let (R,m) be a commutative Noetherian local ring. In this paper we show that a finitely generated R-module M of dimension d is Cohen-Macaulay if and only if there exists a proper ideal I of R such that depth($M/I^nM$) = d for $n{\gg}0$. Also we show that, if dim(R) = d and $I_1{\subset}\;{\cdots}\;{\subset}I_n$ is a chain of ideals of R such that $R/I_k$ is maximal Cohen-Macaulay for all k, then $n{\leq}{\ell}_R(R/(a_1,{\ldots},a_d)R)$ for every system of parameters $a1,{\ldots},a_d$ of R. Also, in the case where dim(R) = 2, we prove that the ideal transform $D_m(R/p)$ is minimax balanced big Cohen-Macaulay, for every $p{\in}Assh_R$(R), and we give some equivalent conditions for this ideal transform being maximal Cohen-Macaulay.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.47-63
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• 1985

This paper was aimed to study the effects of Cobalt-60 gamma ray irradiation on Albino rat blood cells and the activity of enzymes were measured using blood cell auto analyzer (Cell-Dyn 900) and enzyme autoanalyzer (Gilford 3500) respectively. Cobalt-60 gamma rays those are grouped into 200R, 400R, 600R, 800R, 1,000R, 1,200R, 1,300R, 1,400R, 1,500R and 1,600R to the rats of male and female and measured the numeral varieties of blood corpuscles of the rats and the active varieties of enzyme of acid, alkaline phosphatase (ACP, ALP), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. (GPT) those came out after 1, 3, 5 or 7 days. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In both case of male and female, the numeral varieties of the erythrocytes, in the 200R group of irradiation showed the minimum value in the 3 days group and a tendency of increase in the 5 and 7 days groups, while the numeral varieties of the leucocytes in every groups of irradiation showed a tendency of a rapid decrease after a day. The numeral varieties of the blood platelet in both case of male and female didn't show generally any great change in a day and 3 days groups, but showed a rapid decreasing appearance after the 5 days. 2. In both case of male and female, the activities of ACP were on the decrease gradually after 3 days of the irradiation and the activities of ALP were on the decrease after 5 days. Similarly in both case of mate and female, the activities of LDH showed the decrease after 3 and 5 days, and the phenomenous of GOT showed an appearance of increase in a day, but decreased after 3 days. As for the GPT activities couldn't find any great change in the male rats in comparison with the control groups, but in the female rats a tendency of the increase in 600R, 800R, 1,000R groups after 3 days. 3. In the case of the irradiation of high quantity of ray more than 1,200R, all rats died after 4 days, and by the irradiation of 1,600R all rats died after 3 days, and it showed the sensitive response of a living body to the irradiation of high quantity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.854-863
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• 2021

Weaning induces physiological changes in intestinal development that affect pigs' growth performance and susceptibility to disease. As a posttranscriptional regulator, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate cellular homeostasis during intestinal development. We performed small RNA expression profiling in the small intestine of piglets before weaning (BW), 1 week after weaning (1W), and 2 weeks after weaning (2W) to identify weaning-associated differentially expressed miRNAs. We identified 38 differentially expressed miRNAs with varying expression levels among BW, 1W, and 2W. Then, we classified expression patterns of the identified miRNAs into four types. ssc-miR-196a and ssc-miR-451 represent pattern 1, which had an increased expression at 1W and a decreased expression at 2W. ssc-miR-499-5p represents pattern 2, which had an increased expression at 1W and a stable expression at 2W. ssc-miR-7135-3p and ssc-miR-144 represent pattern 3, which had a stable expression at 1W and a decreased expression at 2W. Eleven miRNAs (ssc-miR-542-3p, ssc-miR-214, ssc-miR-758, ssc-miR-4331, ssc-miR-105-1, ssc-miR-1285, ssc-miR-10a-5p, ssc-miR-4332, ssc-miR-503, ssc-miR-6782-3p, and ssc-miR-424-5p) represent pattern 4, which had a decreased expression at 1W and a stable expression at 2W. Moreover, we identified 133 candidate targets for miR-196a using a target prediction database. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the target genes were associated with 19 biological processes, 4 cellular components, 8 molecular functions, and 7 KEGG pathways, including anterior/posterior pattern specification as well as the cancer, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, GnRH, and neurotrophin signaling pathways. These findings suggest that miRNAs regulate the development of the small intestine during the weaning process in piglets by anterior/posterior pattern specification as well as the cancer, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, GnRH, and neurotrophin signaling pathways.