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Exposure and Risk Assessment for Operator Exposure to Insecticide Acetamiprid during Water Melon Cultivation in Greenhouse using Whole Body Dosimetry (수박 시설재배에서 살충제 Acetamiprid 사용 시 전신노출법에 의한 농작업자의 노출 및 위해성평가)

  • Kim, Eunhye;Lee, Jiho;Sung, Jeonghee;Lee, Jonghwa;Shin, Yongho;Kim, Jeong-Han
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.247-257
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    • 2014
  • Assessment for operator's dermal and inhalation exposure to acetamiprid during cultivation of water melon in greenhouse was carried out. For dermal exposure measurement, whole body dosimetry (WBD) was performed as the first trial in Korea. WBD consists of cotton/polyester outer clothes and cotton inner clothes. Hand exposure was measured by washing of nitrile gloves and hands while head exposure was monitored by face/neck wipe technique. Inhalation exposure was monitored with personal air sampling pumps and IOM sampler (glass fiber filter). Analytical limit of quantitation was 2.5 ng/mL. Good reproducibility (C.V < 8.7%), linearity ($R^2$ > 0.99) and recovery (70~119%) were obtained. Field recovery of acetamiprid was 77~95%. During mixing/loading, hand exposure of acetamiprid was about 10 times ($229.7{\mu}g$) more than that of application case ($20.9{\mu}g$). During application, total dermal exposure was $1207.4{\mu}g$. Exposure of lower legs was $1132.1{\mu}g$, which is 93.8% of the total dermal exposure. Inhalation exposure during mixing/loading and application was not detected. Margin of safety (MOS) was calculated for risk assessment using male Korean average body weight (70 kg) and acceptable operator exposure level ($124{\mu}g/kg/day$) to give 140, suggesting that health risk of operator during treatment of acetamiprid for water melon in greenhouse could be safe.

Analysis of the Component and Immunological Efficacy of Chamaecyparis obtusa Leaf Extract (편백나무 잎 추출물의 성분분석과 면역효능에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Joung Hee;Lee, Syng-Ook;Do, Kook Bae;Ji, Won Dae;Kim, Sun Gun;Back, Young Doo;Kim, Keuk-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2018
  • Chamaecyparis obtusa (CO) has recently been attracting attention because of its beneficial effects on skin allergies, atopic dermatitis, and skin diseases, such as acne and eczema. In the present study, the extract from CO leaf grown in Jangseong gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea was evaluated for its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects in vitro. The total polyphenol content of the CO leaf extract was $25.89{\pm}0.31mg$ gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g. Gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of six compounds in the CO leaf extract: ${\alpha}-terpinene$ (3.03 mg/g), ${\alpha}-terpineol$ (9.48 mg/g), limonene (5.96 mg/g), borneol (59.78 mg/g), myrcene (4.85 mg/g), and sabinene (11.31 mg/g). The $RC_{50}$ values of the CO leaf extract for $H_2O_2$ and ABTS radical were $5.47{\pm}0.13mg/mL$ and $4.00{\pm}0.01mg/mL$, respectively. In addition, the CO leaf extract showed significant inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells and IgE-induced release of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ (degranulation) in mast-cell like RBL-2H3 cells. The cell viability assay showed that the CO leaf extract ($100{\sim}800{\mu}g/mL$) did not affect the viability of human normal skin fibroblast CCD-986sk cells significantly. Overall, these results suggest that the CO leaf extract is a potential functional cosmetic ingredient that can exert anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects.

Introducing Strip Cropping for Decreasing the Damage of the Continous Corn Cultivation (옥수수 연작지에서 Fall panicum의 발생과 연작 피해 방지를 위한 대상작의 도입효과)

  • Lim, Keun-Bal;Lee, Hyun-Jun;Ahn, Byung-Suk;Sung, Byung-Ryul;Shin, Jae-Sun
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.97-104
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    • 2005
  • This experiment was conducted to introduce strip croppings fur decreasing the damage of the continuous com cultivation at the experimental field of Grassland and Forage Crops division, National Livestock Research Institute from 1999 to 2000. Introduced mps for strip cropping to the continuously com cultivated field were red clover (RC), alfalfa(AL), and mixture of grass md legume. Fall panicum(FP), which is one of warm season's weeds was focused on its emerged quantity in com field changed by the level of soil water content and degree of the continuous corn cultivation. The ranges of yearly gained forage fresh yields including weeds like mainly FP were 119.4 ${\~}$ 169.6 in the continuous cultivation with com and rye and 64.9 ${\~}$ 83.3 ton / ha in the corn mono-cropping. Meanwhile, the percentages of pure com in continuous com cultivation plot were only $31-38\%$. This was for the mainly emergence of FP in the continuously com cultivated field. The ranges of average fresh yield of emerging FP were 45.6${\~}$63.4 ton/ ha in the continuously com cultivated field which were over the ranges of yields of rye, 28.2 ${\~}$ 41.6 ton/ ha. The dry matter yields of red clover, alfalfa and mixture with grass and legume introduced for strip cropping were 10.2, 10.6 and 10.6 ton / ha, respectively and these were about the 1/4 average fresh com yield. After strip cropping of red clover, alfalfa and mixture with grass and legume, the yields of corn increased to 56, 82, 88 and 79 ton / ha, respectively and com yield was much better in the alfalfa strip cropping.

Psychopathology, Self Esteem and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients with Radiotherapy (방사선 치료 중인 암환자의 정신병리, 자아존중감 및 삶의 질)

  • Jeong, Chan-Young;Yang, Jong-Chul;Shin, Il-Seon;Choi, Young;Yoon, Jin-Sang;Lee, Moo-Seok;Lee, Hyung-Young;Nah, Byung-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.92-100
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    • 2002
  • Objectives : As medical science develops, survival rate of cancer patients rises. Therefore, psychologic understanding and improving quality of life in cancer patients is getting greater significance. The Object of this study is to investigate sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, psychopathology, self esteem and quality of life in cancer patients and to provide useful information for therapeutic approach to cancer patients. Methods : The subjects were 41 patents who had been treated by radiotherapy and 20 normal people. Sociodemographic information and clinical characteristics of cancer patients were investigated, and SCL-90R for psychopathology, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale for self esteem, WHOQOL-BREF for quality of life were administered to subjects. The results of both groups were compared and analysed, and correlation between variables were evaluated. Results : 1) The tendency of Somatization, obsession-compulsion, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, psychosis in cancer group were higher than normal group. Especially, somatization and anxiety in cancer group were significantly higher than normal group. 2) Self esteem and quality of life in cancer group were significantly lower than normal group. 3) No significance were found in comparison of psychopathology, self esteem and quality of life according to sociodemographic variables. Among clinical characteristics, higher somatization was shown in case of more weight loss, and higher somatization and lower quality of life was shown in the presence of pain. 4) Higher anxiety was significantly associated with lower self esteem, and Higher somatization and anxiety was significantly associated with lower quality of life. Conclusion : Cancer patients had various kinds of psychopathology, low self esteem and low quality of life. In particular, somatization and anxiety, self esteem and pain were found to be important factors to quality of life of cancer patients. Therefore, management of psychopathology, improving self esteem, pain control is necessary to improve quality of life in cancer patients.

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Growth Efficiency, Carcass Quality Characteristics and Profitability of Finishing Pigs Slaughtered at 130 vs. 110Kg (110kg 대비 130kg에 도축된 비육돈의 성장효율, 도체 품질 특성 및 수익성)

  • 이철영;권오천;하덕민;신호원;이제룡;하영주;이진희;하승호;김원기;김광위;김두환
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.493-502
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    • 2006
  • The slaughter weight (wt) is a most important economic factor in swine roduction. The present study was undertaken to determine if it is feasible to increase the slaughter wt of finishing pigs to 130kg without significantly affecting the growth efficiency and carcass quality. One hundred and sixty gilts and 160 barrows born from lean-type Yorkshire×Landrace (YL)-dam and Duroc (D)-sire lines, which are most widely used for terminal breeding for pork production in Gyeongsangnam-do, were randomly allocated into 16 pens under a 2 (sex)×2 (slaughter wt; 110 vs. 130kg) factorial arrangement of treatments. The animals were fed ad libitum a diet containing 3,200kcal DE/kg and 15.5% crude protein. After slaughter at the predetermined wt, yields of trimmed primal cuts and physicochemical characteristics of the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) were measured or analyzed. Average daily gain was greater (P<0.01) in barrows than in gilts (0.86 vs. 0.79kg), but it was not different between the 110- and 130-kg slaughter wt groups (P>0.05). Backfat thickness was greater in the 130- vs. 110-kg group in both sexes (gilts: 21.6 vs. 17.6 mm, barrows: 25.1 vs. 20.8 mm). The yield percentage of belly was greater in barrows than in gilts (21.2 vs. 20.5%) and also in the 130-kg vs. 110-kg group (21.4 vs. 20.2%). Major physicochemical characteristics of LD including the color, percentage of 48-h drip loss, 24-h pH and percentages of crude protein and fat were not influenced by slaughter wt. Marginal profit of the 130-kg vs. 110-kg market pig was approximately 󰠏20,000 won/head, which resulted primarily from the heavy carcass weight of the former exceeding the upper limit of the A- or B-grade. However, if it had not been for the carcass weight limit of the current grading system, a 130-kg market pig would have had a potential marginal profit greater than 20,000 won. Results suggest that slaughter wt of lean-line finishing pigs can be increased to 130kg without significantly compromising the growth efficiency and carcass quality and accordingly, the upper weight limit of the ‘good-grade’ carcass needs to be increased or abolished to accommodate the larger market pigs.

Variation and Distribution of Anions and Cations in the Aerosols of Gyorae Forests in Jeju Island (제주도 교래휴양림 지역의 대기질의 음이온 및 양이온의 분포와 변이성)

  • Sin, Bangsik;Im, Dongho;Lee, Keun Kwang
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.7
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    • pp.384-395
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to investigate the distribution and variation of the anion and cation number of aerosols in the A and B regions of Gyorae forests. Ions were measured using an ion number meter between 28 June and 13 July 2017. The total average number of anions and cations were $735ions/cm^3$ and $459.27ions/cm^3$, respectively, which were measured at five sites in A area at average temperature of $27.81^{\circ}C$, wind speed of 0.28 m/sec, and altitude of 455.7 m. The average number of anions and cations were $780ions/cm^3$ and $379.55ions/cm^3$, respectively, which were measured at all four sites in the B region at average temperature of $27.6^{\circ}C$, humidity of 80%, wind speed of 0.1 m/sec and altitude of 477 m. The number of anions and cations in the A and B regions was $757.5ions/cm^3$ and $419.41ions/cm^3$, respectively. The number of ions was highly variable for each measurement over time. The number of anions remained $275.73ions/cm^3$ higher than that of cations. The variance of the measured values of anions and cations between and within sites A and B was significant (p<.001) and there was a significant positive correlation between regional mean values of anions and cations. In conclusion, the temporal distribution and variation of the ion content in the Gyorae forests provide basic information regarding aerosol compositions and changes.

Effects of Sodium Sulfite and Extrusion on the Nutritional Value of Soybean Products for Nursery Pigs

  • Burnham, L.L.;Kim, I.H.;Kang, J.O.;Rhee, H.W.;Hancock, J.D.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.1584-1592
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    • 2000
  • Three hundred nursery pigs were used in two growth assays (avg initial BW of 6.5 and 6.0 kg, respectively) to determine the effects of sodium sulfite ($Na_2SO_3$) as an extrusion aid for soy products used in diets for weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, treatments were arranged as $3{\times}2$ factorial with main effects of soy product [soybean meal (SBM), extruded SBM, and dry-extruded whole soybeans (DEWS)] and concentration of $Na_2SO_3$ (0 and 10 g/kg of soy product). The extruded SBM and DEWS treatments were processed in a dry extruder ($Insta-Pro^{(R)} $, Triple F Nutrition, Des Moines, IA) with barrel temperatures and throughputs of $169^{\circ}C$ and 578 kg/h, and $147^{\circ}C$ and 598 kg/h, respectively. All diets were formulated to 3.5 Mcal/kg DE, with 0.92% lysine for d 0 to 14, and 0.76% lysine for d 14 to 28. For d 0 to 14, there was a tendency for pigs fed diets with $Na_2SO_3$ to have greater ADG (p<0.08), and pigs fed SBM to have greater ADFI (p<0.02), thus pigs fed the extruded soy products has 15% greater gain/feed than those fed SBM (p<0.007). For d 14 to 28, there were no differences in ADG or gain/feed among pigs fed diets with SBM and those fed diets with the extruded soy products (p>0.15). However, pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG than pigs fed extruded SBM, and pigs fed $Na_2SO_3$ had greater ADG and ADFI compared to those not fed $Na_2SO_3$ (p<0.02 and 0.08, respectively). The positive response in ADG and gain/feed to the addition of $Na_2SO_3$ resulted with SBM and extruded SBM treatments, and not with DEWS (interaction effect, p<0.04). Overall (d 0 to 28), pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG (p<0.01) and gain/feed (p<0.08) than pigs fed extruded SBM. Also pigs fed diets with $Na_2SO_3$ had greater ADG, ADFI, and gain/feed compared to those fed diets without $Na_2SO_3$ (p<0.002, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively). Exp. 2 was designed as a $2{\times}3$ factorial with main effects of soy product (SBM and DEWS) and concentration of $Na_2SO_3$ (none, 7.5, and 15.0 g/kg of soy product). As in Exp. 1, all diets were formulated to 3.5 Mcal/kg DE, with 0.92% lysine for d 0 to 13, and 0.76% lysine for d 13 to 53. At a constant processing temperature (148 to $149^{\circ}C$, $Na_2SO_3$ increased throughput of the extruder (578, 595, and 602 kg/h for the 0, 7.5, and 15.0 g/kg additions, respectively). For d 0 to 13, treatment had no effect on ADG or ADFI, but gain/feed decreased for pigs fed SBM with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$, and increased for pigs fed DEWS with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$ (SBM vs DEWS sulfite quadratic interaction, p<0.03). For d 13 to 35, pigs fed DEWS had greater ADG (p<0.01) and gain/feed (p<0.001) than pigs fed SBM. Also, ADFI decreased and gain/feed increased with increasing concentrations of $Na_2SO_3$ (linear effects, p<0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Overall, pigs fed the diets with DEWS had greater ADG and gain/feed than pigs fed SBM (p<0.003 and 0.002, respectively), and $Na_2SO_3$ tended to decrease ADFI and increase gain/feed (linear effects, p<0.07 and 0.06, respectively). In conclusion, pigs fed DEWS had greater rate and efficiency of gain than pigs fed SBM. Also, adding $Na_2SO_3$ prior to extrusion increased yield and feed efficiency.

Difference of Components Changes in Salt-Fermented Anchovy, Engraulis japonicus Sauce by Tank Size during Fermentation (숙성 발효조크기에 따른 멸치액젓의 성분비교)

  • Lim Yeong Seon;You Byeong Jin;Choi Young Joon;Cho Young Je
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.302-307
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    • 2002
  • To investigate difference of components changes in salt-fermented anchovy, Engaulis japonicus sauce during 18 months fermentation by tank size, various chemical properties were examined at 2$\~$3 months intervals. The contents of total and amino nitrogen, total ATP related compounds increased gradually during 18 months of fermentation, and showed higher content in salt-fermented anchor sauce produced by large tank scale (LTS) product than those of small tank scale (STS) product during fermentation. Hypoxanthine and uric acid were the most abundant in ATP related compounds, ranging from $81.1\%$ to $90.4\%$, The cross point of inosine (HxR) + hypoxanthine (Hx) and uric acid was faster in LTS with 10.3 months fermentation than in STS with 12.6 months fermentation. After 18month of fermentation, the LTS was rich in free amino acids, such as glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, valine, Iysine in that order. On the other hand, the STS was rich in free amino acids, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, vsine, valine in that order. Absorbance at 453 nm were higher in STS than in STS, but was no difference the rate of increase during fermentation.

Study of the CatcherTM Couch's Usefulness (토모치료기 CatcherTM Couch의 유용성에 대한 고찰)

  • Um, Ki Cheon;Lee, Chung Hwan;Jeon, Soo Dong;Song, Heung Kwon;Back, Geum Mun
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.65-74
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: Recently, A Catcher was added to prevent sagging in Radixact® X9. In this study, We quantitatively compared general couch of Tomo-HDA® with catcher couch of Radixact® X9 using the human phantom and evaluated usefulness of catcher. Materials and methods: We used rando phantom for phantom study and set the each iso-center of head and neck region and Pelvis region for region parameter. Furthermore, We used hand made low melting point alloys for weight parameter. MVCT(Mega Voltage Computed Tomography) images were acquired for vertical error and rotation(pitch) error measurement increasing weight(A: 15kg, A+B: 30kg, A+B+C: 45kg). We selected 120 patients who has been treated using Tomotherpy machine for patient study. 60 patients has been treated in Tomo-HDA® and the other 60 patients treated in Radixact® X9. In the patient study methods, vertical error and rotation(pitch) error was measured for mean value calculation using MVCT images acquired on first day of radiation therapy. Result: Result of phantom study, Vertical error and rotation(pitch) error was increased proportionally increased as the weight increases in general couch of Tomo-HDA®. each maximum value was 7.52mm, 0.38° in head and neck region and 11.94mm, 0.92° in pelvis region. However, We could confirm that there was stable error range(0.02~0.1mm, 0~0.04°) in Catcher couch of Radixact®. Result of patient study, The head and neck region was measured 4.79mm 0.33° lower, and the pelvis region was measured 7.66mm, 0.22° lower in Catcher couch of Radixact® X9. Conclusion: In this study, Vertical error and rotation(pitch) error was proportionally increased as the weight increases in general couch of Tomo-HDA®. Especially, The pelvis region error was more increased than the head and neck region error. However, Vertical error and rotation(pitch) error was regularly generated regardless of weight or regions in CatcherTM couch of Radixact® X9 that this study's purpose. In conclusion, CatcherTM couch of Radixact® X9 can minimize mechanical error that couch sagging. Furthermore, The pelvis region is more efficiency than head and neck region. In radiation therapy using Tomotherapy machine, it is regarded that may contribute to minimizing unadjusted pitch error due to characters of Tomotherapy.

Study of Selective Etching of GaAs over AlGaAs and InGaP Semiconductors in High Density Planar Inductively Coupled BCl3/SF6 Plasmas (고밀도 평판형 유도결합 BCl3/SF6 플라즈마를 이용한 GaAs/AlGaAs와 InGaP 반도체의 선택적 식각에 관한 연구)

  • Yoo Seungryul;Ryu Hyunwoo;Lim Wantae;Lee Jewon;Cho Guan Sik;Jeon Minhyon;Song Hanjung;Lee BongJu;Ko Jong Soo;Go Jeung Sang;Pearton S. J.
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.161-165
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    • 2005
  • We investigated selective dry etching of GaAs over AlGaAs and InGaP in high density planar inductively coupled $BCl_3/SF_6$ plasmas. The process parameters were ICP source power (0-500 W), RE chuck power (0-30W) and gas composition $(60-100\%\;BCl_3\;in\;BCl_3/SF_6)$. The process results were characterized in terms of etch rate, selectivities of GaAs over AlGaAs and InGaP, surface morphology, surface roughness and residues after etching. $BCl_3/SF_6$ selective etching of GaAs showed quite good results in this study. Selectivities of GaAs $(GaAs:AlGaAs\~36:1,\;GaAs:InGaP\~45:1)$ were superior at $18BCl_3/2SF_6$, 20 W RF chuck power, 300 W ICP source power and 7.5 mTorr. Addition of $(5-15\%)SF_6\;to\;BCl_3$ produced relatively high selectivities of GaAs over AlGaAs and InGaP during etching due to decrease of etch rates of AlGaAs and InGaP (boiling points of etch products: $AlF_3\~1300^{\circ}C,\;InF_3>1200^{\circ}C$ at atmosphere) at the condition. SEM and AFM data showed slightly sloped sidewall and somewhat rough surface$(RMS\~9nm)$. XPS study on the surface of processed GaAs proved a very clean surface after dry etching. It shows that planar inductively coupled $BCl_3/SF_6$ plasmas could be a good candidate for selective dry etching of GaAs over AlGaAs and InGaP.