• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.11.1-11.6
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• 2014

Cinnamomum zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) is a tropical evergreen tree of Lauraceae family. It is one of the oldest culinary spices known and used traditionally in many cultures for centuries. In addition to its culinary uses, cinnamon also possesses as a folk remedy of many health disease condition including analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, haemostatic, insecticidal, and parasiticide and memory enhancing property. This study was aimed to assess the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of standardized methanol extract of the C. zeylanicum. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were done to identify the presence of eugenol as chemical component and support the neuroprotective activity in the extract. Anticholinesterase inhibitory activity of crude methanol extract of C. zeylanicum leaves and cinnamon oil were evaluated by 96-well microtiter plate assay and thin layer chromatography bioassay detection methods. This study revealed that cinnamon oil ($IC_{50}:45.88{\pm}1.94{\mu}g/ml$) has better anticholinesterase activity than methanol extract ($IC_{50}:77.78{\pm}0.03{\mu}g/ml$). In HPLC analysis, retention time of eugenol in cinnamon oil was found to be 15.81 min which was comparable with the retention time (15.99 min) of the reference standard, eugenol. Seven chemical compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis, in which eugenol as an important phytoconstituents. Thus the phytochemicals from C. zeylanicum methanol leaves extract could be developed as potential source of anticholinesterase activity, with particular benefit in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2000

Reverse osmosis (RO) system was applied to improve wine quality. General wine (GEN) and wines containing different sugar levels $24^{\circ}Brix$ (RO-24) and $24^{\circ}Brix$ (RO-28) by removing pure water using RO system without sugar addition on brewing method. And they were compared by wine aroma analysis. The preparing method of analysis was LLCE (liquid-liquid continuous extraction). And volatile aroma compounds of different wines were prepared for raw, and diluted materials in same proportion. The wine aromas were described by trained twelve panelists for QDA (quantitative descriptive analysis) and showed for FD (flavor dilution)-chromatogram. Consequently, overall acceptability of RO-28 showed better than that of other treatments. Aromas of RO-28 also were represented the high contents of positive aroma compounds such as ethanol and ethyl acetate, which were identified by GC-O and GC-MS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2013

Bacterial blight, an important and potentially destructive bacterial disease in rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), has recently developed resistance to the available antibiotics. In this study, mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolite profiling and multivariate analysis were employed to investigate the correlation between timedependent metabolite changes and antimicrobial activities against Xoo over the course of Phomopsis longicolla S1B4 fermentation. Metabolites were clearly differentiated based on fermentation time into phase 1 (days 4-8) and phase 2 (days 10-20) in the principal component analysis (PCA) plot. The multivariate statistical analysis showed that the metabolites contributing significantly for phases 1 and 2 were deacetylphomoxanthone B, monodeacetylphomoxanthone B, fusaristatin A, and dicerandrols A, B, and C as identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and dimethylglycine, isobutyric acid, pyruvic acid, ribofuranose, galactofuranose, fructose, arabinose, hexitol, myristic acid, and propylstearic acid were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profiling. The most significantly different secondary metabolites, especially deacetylphomoxanthone B, monodeacetylphomoxanthone B, and dicerandrol A, B and C, were positively correlated with antibacterial activity against Xoo during fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.319-324
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• 2006

Volatile compounds in low-temperature and long-term fermented Baechu kimchi were extracted by high vacuum sublimation(HVS), and then analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC-MS). A total of 62 compounds, including 7 sulfur-containing compounds, 8 terpenes, 5 esters, 8 acids, 15 alcohols, 2 nitrites, 2 ketones, 11 aliphatic hydrocarbons and 4 miscellaneous compounds, were found in low-temperature and long-term fermented Baechu kimchi. Among them, acetic acid and butanoic acid were quantitatively dominant. Aroma-active compounds were also determined by gas chromatography/olfactometry(GC-O) using aroma extract dilution analysis(AEDA). A total of 16 aroma-active compounds were detected by GC-O. Butanoic acid was the most potent aroma-active compound with the highest FD factor($Log_3FD$) followed by linalool, acetic acid, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithin and 3-methyl-1-butanol. The major aroma-active compounds, such as acetic acid and butanoic acid, were related to sour and rancid or notes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.368-372
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• 2009

The trace polymer and additives in used stripper solutions were analyzed by a combination of Py-GC/MS and ESI-MS. In the comparison of the pyrolysates produced by the pyrolysis of the pure stripper and photoresist at $500{^{\circ}C}$, the presence of novolac polymer in the used stripper was confirmed by the presence of the characteristic peaks of its pyrolysates, such as those of the methylphenol, di-methylphenol and methylenebis(methylphenol) isomers. The intact trace polymer was measured by ESI-MS, which showed the distribution of oligomers at intervals of 120 Da, indicating di-methylphenol to be the repeat unit. Additional MS/MS measurements demonstrated that the end group is methylphenol and the repeat groups are di-methylphenol. Some modified oligomers caused by the methylation or di-methylation of the repeat unit were also identified. Although the polymer is only present at a trace level in the used stripper, these combined analytical methods provided the means to qualify the stripper solution through the identification and structural determination of the polymer.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 1992

The changes of amount in flavor components of chewing gum during storage of various relative humidity were studied by GC/MS. The volatile components in chewing gum were extracted by sample preperation and 15 volatile components were identified by NIST/NBS library searching. According to the period of storage, quantities of major volatile components extracted by tetrahydrofuran-methanol solutions were determined by using tetradecane as internal standard. Until 4 weeks, comparing with starting peak area ratio, the decrease of chewing gum flavor components were rapid at 33, 75 than 53 R.H(%). And after 16 weeks, amount of chewing gum flavor at all storage conditions similarly decreased to $45{\sim}49%$ of the initial amount.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.697-705
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• 2003

The alkylphenols, chlorophenols, and bisphenol A were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) followed by two work-up methods for comparison: isobutoxycarbonyl (isoBOC) derivatization and tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatization. Eleven endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) of phenols in biological samples were extracted with acetonitrile and then the acetonitrile layer underwent freezing filtration 6$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used with XAD-4 and subsequent conversion to isoBOC or TBDMS derivatives for sensitivity analysis with the GC/MS-SIM mode. For isoBOC derivatization and TBDMS derivatization the recoveries were 92.3∼150.6% and 93.8∼108.3%, the method detection limits (MDLs) of bisphenol A for SIM were 0.062 $\mu$ g/kg and 0.010 $\mu$ g/kg, and the SIM responses were linear with the correlation coefficient varying by 0.9755∼0.9981 and 0.9908∼0.9996, respectively. When these methods were applied to mackerel samples, the concentrations of the 11 phenol EDCs were below the MDL.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

Background: Cupressus arizonica Greene is a coniferous tree with great importance in fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. Essential oils from C. arizonica (EC) have shown potential antioxidant, and anti-microbial activities. This study aimed at investigating the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects/mechanisms of EC. Methods: The EC was evaluated for anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities on male Wistar rats using a formalin test and carrageenan-induced paw edema, respectively. Also, we pre-treated some of the animals with naloxone and flumazenil in the formalin test to find out the possible contributions of opioid and benzodiazepine receptors to EC anti-nociceptive effects. Finally, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was used to identify the EC's constituents. Results: EC in intraperitoneal doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg significantly decrease the nociceptive responses in both early and late phases of the formalin test. From a mechanistic point of view, flumazenil administration 20 minutes before the most effective dose of EC (1 g/kg) showed a meaningful reduction in the associated anti-nociceptive responses during the early and late phases of the formalin test. Naloxone also reduced the anti-nociceptive role of EC in the late phase. Furthermore, EC at the doses of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 g/kg significantly reduced paw edema from 0.5 hours after carrageenan injection to 4 hours. GC/MS analysis showed that isolated EC is a monoterpene-rich oil with the major presence of α-pinene (71.92%), myrcene (6.37%), δ-3-carene (4.68%), β-pinene (3.71%), and limonene (3.34%). Conclusions: EC showed potent anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities with the relative involvement of opioid and benzodiazepine receptors.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

The volatile flavor components of Zanthoxylum pipperitum A.P. DC. produced in Korea and China were isolated using a Clevenger-type apparatus by steam distillation extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yields of oils from Korean and Chinese Z. pipperitum A.P. DC. were 2.0 and 1.2% (w/w), respectively. From the two Z. pipperitum A.P. DC. oils, sixty and fifty-four volatile flavor compounds were tentatively identified, and they constituted 94.78 and 87.34% of the total peak area, respectively. Piperitone(p-menth-1-en-3-one) (13.48%) was the most abundant compound in the Chinese Zanthoxylum pipperitum A.P. DC. oil, followed by $\beta$-phellandrene, sabinene, terpinen-4-ol and linalool (each >5%). Whereas, the most abundant compound in the Korean Zanthoxylum pipperitum A.P. DC. oil was limonene (18.04%), followed by geranyl acetate, cryptone, citronellal, cuminal and phellandral (each >5%).

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.103-106
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• 2006

A 35-year-old Perubian who suffered from grand mal seizures died in the aircraft on his way from the United States to Hongkong via Incheon international airport of Korea. While performing the autopsy, 115 packs made with double layer of transparent film and black plastic bag containing cocaine were found in the ileum and large intestine. Among of them, 3 packs were ruptured. To determine the concentration of cocaine and its metabolites, blood, urine, bile, liver, spleen, heart, kidney, brain and gastric contents were taken and toxicological analysis was performed. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) following liquid-phase extraction using chloroform:isopropanol (=9:1) and derivatization with bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (contains 1% trimethylchlorosilane) was performed. High levels of cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methylester (EME) were found in the postmortem blood (0.96, 3.09 and $5.59{\mu}g/mL$) and urine (32.85, 145.35 and $53.17{\mu}g/mL$), respectively. Cocaine and its metabolites were also detected in all other biological specimen.