• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This study was conducted for investigation of habitat and development of indoor-rearing conditions of peacock butterfly, Inachis io (Linnaeus). Three different region, Mt. Kwangduk-san, Mt. Hae-san and Mt. Taebaek-san in Kangwon-do, was selected for investigation of domestic distribution and ecological environment of peacock butterfly. In result, there are many butterflies in the only two region, Mt. Kwangduk-san and Mt. Hae-san. On 16th April, 4 overwintered butterflies were observed in Mt. Hae-san. At the end of June and early in July, 51 individual next generation's butterflies were observed in Mt. Kwangduk-san and Mt. Hae-san. For development of indoor-rearing conditions, collected each 15 male and female peacock butterflies was reared in a room condition. Female butterflies laid eggs in the egg cluster on the underside of host-plant's leaves, Urtica angustifolia Fisch., in the ovipositioning room. We took 11 egg cluster with average $404.6{\pm}23.6$ eggs. Hatchablity of eggs was 92.3%, and the eggs hatched within $5.1{\pm}0.9$ days from the day of oviposition under high temperature, long day condition($25^{\circ}C$, 14L:10D). The larval period was $18.3{\pm}1.0$ days under high temperature, long day condition($25^{\circ}C$, 14L:10D), showing 81.0% pupal ratio. The head width of each developmental larval stage were $0.37{\pm}0.01mm$(1st instar), $0.66{\pm}0.02mm$(2nd instar), $1.07{\pm}0.05mm$(3rd instar), $1.81{\pm}0.07$(4th instar), $2.76{\pm}0.08$(5th instar). The pupal period was $8.4{\pm}0.6$ days, and the emergence rate was 87.5%.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2006

The characteristics of the aluminum waste melting and the distribution of the radioactive nuclides have been investigated for the estimation on the volume reduction and the decontamination of the aluminum wastes from the decommissioning of the TRIGA MARK it and III research reactors at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI). The aluminum wastes were melted with the use of the fluxes such as flux $A:NaCl-KCl-Na_3AlF_6$, flux B:NaCl-NaF-KF, flux $C:CaF_2$, and flux $D:LiF-KCl-BaCl_2$ in the DC graphite arc furnace. For the assessment of the distribution of the radioactive nuclides during the melting of the aluminum, the aluminum materials were contaminated by the surrogate nuclides such as cobalt(Co), cesium(Cs) and strontium(Sr). The fluidity of aluminum melt was increased with the addition of the fluxes, which has slight difference according to the type of fluxes. The formation of the slag during the aluminum melting added the flux type C and D was larger than that with the flux A and B. The rate of the slag formation linearly increased with increasing the flux concentration. The results of the XRD analysis showed that the surrogate nuclide was transferred to the slag, which can be easily separated from the melt and then they combined with aluminum oxide to form a more stable compound. The distribution ratio of cobalt in ingot to that in slag was more than 40% at all types of fluxes. Since vapor pressures of cesium and strontium were higher than those that of the host metals at the melting temperature, their removal efficiency from the ingot phase to the slag and the dust phase was by up to 98%.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2001

Gametogenes, reproductive cycle, first sexual maturity(biological minimum size), sex ratio and larval development of the marsh clam Corbicula japonica were investigated monthly by histological observations. Samples were collected in brackish water of Gokgang stream, Kyungsangbuk-Do, Korea, from August 1997 to July 1998. Sexuality of Corbicula japonica is dioecious and the species are an oviparous clam. The gonads are irregularly arranged from the sub-region of mid-intestinal gland in visceral cavity to reticular connective tissue of foot. The ovary is composed of a number of ovarian sac which are branched arborescent. Oogonia actively proliferate along the germinal epithelium of ovarian sac, in which young oocytes are growing. The testis is composed of a number of testicular tubules, and the epithelium of the tubule has function of germinal epithelium, along which spermatogonia actively proliferate. A great number of undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and eosinophilic granular cells are abundantly distributed between developing oocytes and spermatocytes in the early developmental stages. With the further development of the ovary and testis these tissue and cells gradually disappear. Then the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and eosinophilic granular cells are considered to be related to the growing of the oocytes and spermatocytes. The spawning period is from July to September, and the main spawning occur between July and August when seawater temperatures reach above 22$^{\circ}C$. The reproductive cycle of this species can be divided into five successive stages; early active (February to April), late active (May to July), ripe (June to September), partially spawned (July to September), degenerative (September to October) and resting stage (October to February). Percentages of first sexual maturity of female and male clams ranging in length from 10 mm to 12 mm are over 50% and 100% for clams over 16.0 mm in shell length. Fertilized eggs or Corbicula japonica were 80-90 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter. In the early embryonic development of C. japonica, the appearance of polar body, trochophore and D-shaped veliger were observed around 40 min., 27 hours and 4 days after spawning, respectively, at a water temperature of 26.5-28.$0^{\circ}C$. The size of larvae of early umbo stage was about 185-210 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in shell length, 160-180 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in shell height around 7 days after fertilization. The correlation of relative growth between the culture day (D) and shell length (SL) was expressed by the following simple formula from D-shaped veliger to metamorphosing stage; SL = 13.300D + 209.36($r^2$= 0.9078).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.287-308
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• 1990

The Ogmae alunite-kaolinite deposit occurs in acidic tuff, the Hwangsan Tuff, of upper Crataceous age in the Haenam volcanic field, SW Jeonnam. This deposit characterized by advanced argillic alteration formed $71.8{\pm}2.8{\sim}73.9{\pm}2.8$ Ma ago in very shallow depth environment with acid-sulfate solution. Wallrock alteration can be classified into four zones from the center to the margin of the deposit: alunite, kaolinite, illite, and silicified zone. The mineral assemblage in the alunite zone, ore zone, is alunite-quartz-pyritekaolinite. Consideration of stability relation of these minerals suggests that the maximum alteration temperature is estimated at about $250^{\circ}C$ with solution pH of 3 or below assuming that pressure does not exceed 0.3 Kb. Alunite occurs as two different types; replacement and vein-type deposit. The former one consists of fine grained alunite and the later one coarse grained and relatively pure alunite that formed by open space filling. Isomorphous substitution of Na for K in these two types of alunites range 0 to 40 %, indicating that Na/K ratio in the solution is spontaneously changed during the alteration process. Alunite which has higher Na substitution probably formed in an earlier stage while the solution sustain high Na/K ratio. K-Ar age of alunites indicate that the replacement alunite formed earlier($73.9{\pm}2.8Ma$) than the vein-type alunite($71.8{\pm}2.8Ma$). The ${\delta}^{34}S$ value of pyrite and alunite indicate that those minerals formed at isotopically nonequillibrium state. The ${\delta}^{16}O$ and ${\delta}D$ values, of kaolintics 5.0 to 9.0‰ and -54 to -99‰, respectively, indicate that those are formed by hydrothermal solution having magmatic origin which have been diluted by low ${\delta}D$ meteoric water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.311-311
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• 2016

최근 고성능 디스플레이 개발이 요구되면서 기존 비정질 실리콘(a-Si)을 대체할 산화물 반도체에 대한 연구 관심이 급증하고 있다. 여러 종류의 산화물 반도체 중 a-IGZO (amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide)가 높은 전계효과 이동도, 저온 공정, 넓은 밴드갭으로 인한 투명성 등의 장점을 가지며 가장 연구가 활발하게 보고되고 있다. 기존에는 SG(단일 게이트) TFT가 주로 제작 되었지만 본 연구에서는 DG(이중 게이트) 구조를 적용하여 고성능의 a-IGZO 기반 박막 트랜지스터(TFT)를 구현하였다. SG mode에서는 하나의 게이트가 채널 전체 영역을 제어하지만, double gate mode에서는 상, 하부 두 개의 게이트가 동시에 채널 영역을 제어하기 때문에 채널층의 형성이 빠르게 이루어지고, 이는 TFT 스위칭 속도를 향상시킨다. 또한, 상호 모듈레이션 효과로 인해 S.S(subthreshold swing)값이 낮아질 뿐만 아니라, 상(TG), 하부 게이트(BG) 절연막의 계면 산란 현상이 줄어들기 때문에 이동도가 향상되고 누설전류 감소 및 안정성이 향상되는 효과를 얻을 수 있다. Dual gate mode로 동작을 시키면, TG(BG)에는 일정한 positive(or negative)전압을 인가하면서 BG(TG)에 전압을 가해주게 된다. 이 때, 소자의 채널층은 depletion(or enhancement) mode로 동작하여 다른 전기적인 특성에는 영향을 미치지 않으면서 문턱 전압을 쉽게 조절 할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 제작된 소자는 p-type bulk silicon 위에 thermal SiO2 산화막이 100 nm 형성된 기판을 사용하였다. 표준 RCA 클리닝을 진행한 후 BG 형성을 위해 150 nm 두께의 ITO를 증착하고, BG 절연막으로 두께의 SiO2를 300 nm 증착하였다. 이 후, 채널층 형성을 위하여 50 nm 두께의 a-IGZO를 증착하였고, 소스/드레인(S/D) 전극은 BG와 동일한 조건으로 ITO 100 nm를 증착하였다. TG 절연막은 BG 절연막과 동일한 조건에서 SiO2를 50 nm 증착하였다. TG는 S/D 증착 조건과 동일한 조건에서, 150 nm 두께로 증착 하였다. 전극 물질과, 절연막 물질은 모두 RF magnetron sputter를 이용하여 증착되었고, 또한 모든 patterning 과정은 표준 photolithography, wet etching, lift-off 공정을 통하여 이루어졌다. 후속 열처리 공정으로 퍼니스에서 질소 가스 분위기, $300^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 30 분 동안 진행하였다. 결과적으로 $9.06cm2/V{\cdot}s$, 255.7 mV/dec, $1.8{\times}106$의 전계효과 이동도, S.S, on-off ratio값을 갖는 SG와 비교하여 double gate mode에서는 $51.3cm2/V{\cdot}s$, 110.7 mV/dec, $3.2{\times}108$의 값을 나타내며 훌륭한 전기적 특성을 보였고, dual gate mode에서는 약 5.22의 coupling ratio를 나타내었다. 따라서 산화물 반도체 a-IGZO TFT의 이중게이트 구조는 우수한 전기적 특성을 나타내며 차세대 디스플레이 시장에서 훌륭한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.175-186
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is directly measure and evaluate about absorbed dose change according to nominal energy and electron cone or medical accelerator on isodose curve, percentage depth dose, contaminated X-ray, inhomogeneous tissue, oblique surface and irradiation on intracavitary that electron beam with high energy distributed in tissue, and it settled standard data of hish energy electron beam treatment, and offer to exactly data for new dote distribution modeling study based on experimental resuls and theory. Electron beam with hish energy of $6{\sim}20$ MeV is used that generated from medical linear accelerator (Clinac 2100C/D, Varian) for the experiment, andwater phantom and Farmer chamber md Markus chamber und for absorbe d dose measurement of electron beam, and standard absorbed dose is calculated by standard measurements of International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) TRS 277. Dose analyzer (700i dose distribution analyzer, Wellhofer), film (X-OmatV, Kodak), external cone, intracavitary cone, cork, animal compact bone and air were used for don distribution measurement. As the results of absorbed dose ratio increased while irradiation field was increased, it appeared maximum at some irradiation field size and decreased though irradiation field size was more increased, and it decreased greatly while energy of electron beam was increased, and scattered dose on wall of electron cone was the cause. In percentage depth dose curve of electron beam, Effective depth dose(R80) for nominal energy of 6, 9, 12, 16 and 20 MeV are 1.85, 2.93, 4.07, 5.37 and 6.53 cm respectively, which seems to be one third of electron beam energy (MeV). Contaminated X-ray was generated from interaction between electron beam with high energy and material, and it was about $0.3{\sim}2.3\%$ of maximum dose and increased with increasing energy. Change of depth dose ratio of electron beam was compared with theory by Monte Carlo simulation, and calculation and measured value by Pencil beam model reciprocally, and percentage depth dose and measured value by Pencil beam were agreed almost, however, there were a little lack on build up area and error increased in pendulum and multi treatment since there was no contaminated X-ray part. Percentage depth dose calculated by Monte Carlo simulation appeared to be less from all part except maximum dose area from the curve. The change of percentage depth dose by inhomogeneous tissue, maximum range after penetration the 1 cm bone was moved 1 cm toward to surface then polystyrene phantom. In case of 1 cm and 2 cm cork, it was moved 0.5 cm and 1 cm toward to depth, respectively. In case of air, practical range was extended toward depth without energy loss. Irradiation on intracavitary is using straight and beveled type cones of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 $cm{\phi}$, and maximum and effective $80\%$ dose depth increases while electron beam energy and size of electron cone increase. In case of contaminated X-ray, as the energy increase, straight type cones were more highly appeared then beveled type. The output factor of intracavitary small field electron cone was $15{\sim}86\%$ of standard external electron cone($15{\times}15cm^2$) and straight type was slightly higher then beveled type.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.9-26
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• 2020

At q = 1.81 ± 0.20 × 10^-5, KMT-2018-BLG-0029Lb has the lowest planet-host mass ratio q of any microlensing planet to date by more than a factor of two. Hence, it is the first planet that probes below the apparent "pile-up" at q = 5-10 ×10^-5. The event was observed by Spitzer, yielding a microlens-parallax π_E measurement. Combined with a measurement of the Einstein radius θ_E from finite-source effects during the caustic crossings, these measurements imply masses of the host M_host = 1.14^+0.10_-0.12 M_⊙ and planet M_planet = 7.59^+0.75_-0.69 M_⊕, system distance D_L = 3.38^+0.22_-0.26 kpc and projected separation a_⊥ = 4.27^+0.21_-0.23 AU. The blended light, which is substantially brighter than the microlensed source, is plausibly due to the lens and could be observed at high resolution immediately.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of feldspar on laying Performance and e99 qualify in hens. A total of 96 'Tetra Brown' layers were assigned to 4 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment consisted 4 replicates accommodating 6 layers per replication. Experiment diets were a control diet without feldspar and supplemented 0.5, 1.0 and $1.5\%$ feldspar. The egg Production rate was significantly increased in layers 134 diets supplemented 0.5 and $1.0\%$ feldspar compared to that of control (P<0.05). Egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg shell strength and egg yolk color were not significantly different among the treatments (P>0.05). The haugh unit and blood spot of the eggs were significantly increased in $1.5\%$ feldspa. diets compared to that of control (p<0.05). However, the albumen index and meat spot in the eggs were not statistically different among treatments (P>0.05). Sensory evaluation traits were not significantly differed in terms of appearance, color, texture flavor and overall acceptability of eggs (P>0.05). The juiciness of boiled eggs was significantly increased in eggs of birds fed $1.0\%$ feldspar diets(P>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of herbicide chlormethoxynil 7G, CNP 9G and butachlor 3.5/pyrazolate 6G on weed control and seedling growth in rice seedbed. Different quantities of the herbicides were applied as soil incorporation or surface broadcasting. At earlier sowing annual grasses such as Echinochlva spp. and Alopecurus spp. were dominated, but Cyperus spp. were dominated at later sowing. Weed suppression by herbicides was greater in soil incorporation than in broadcasting and chlormethoxynil 7G and CNP 9G application (30kg/ha) showed about 70% weed control, while butachlor 3.5/pyrazolate 6G (10-20kg/ha) showed 90 to 100% weed control. At lower rate of butachlor 3.5/pyrazolate 6G (10kg/ha) emergence ratio, healthy seedling ratio and relative growth rate of rice were higher, and phytotoxicity was lower than in the others.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.391-397
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• 2014

To control the disease of root rot in ginseng nursery, inorganic sulfur solution of 0.1%, 1.0%, and 2.0% were irrigated by amount of $10{\ell}$ per $3.3m^2$ before sowing. On the last ten days of July, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were similarly detected by 44.8% and 43.8%, respectively, while Cylindrocarpon destructans was low detected by 4.4% in the diseased seedling. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more soil pH was decreased. Soil pH was decreased from 5.87 to 4.59 by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more electrical conductivity (EC) of soil was increased. EC was increased from 0.27 dS/m to 1.28 dS/m by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. Irrigation of sulfur solution was effective on the inhibition of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in ginseng seedling. Control value for damping-off by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0% and 2.0% were 75.7%, and 78.5%, respectively. Growth of leaf was inhibited by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 2.0%. Root weight per $3.3m^2$ showed the peak in sulfur solution of 1.0%, while survived-root ratio and root weight per plant were decreased in the level of 2.0%. Survived-root ratio of seedling in sulfur solution of 1.0% was distinctly increased by 4.7 times compare to the control, but control value for root rot was relatively low as 49.2%. Mycelium growth of C. destructans, F. solani, and R. solani were distinctly inhibited by the increase of sulfur's concentration in vitro culture using PDA medium.