• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.69-86
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• 2022

This study examined guange (關格) in Yixuerumen (醫學入門) from a new perspective and evaluated its value in terms of emergency medicine. We compared and analyzed the definition, symptoms, and treatment methods of guange in Yixuerumen with related clinical presentations in modern medicine. Guange includes nausea and vomiting, dysphagia, dysuria, and constipation without diarrhea. A representative disease related to dysuria is uremia, while one related to constipation, nausea, and vomiting is enterocleisis, and and a third related to dysphagia is chronic esophagitis and esophagus cancer. Li Chan, the author of Yixuerumen, recognized guange as an emergency of serious eating and elimination disorder as various symptoms of diseases (病症) gradually get worse from the perspective of external diseases (外感病) and miscellaneous diseases (雜病) and handled it in various ways including yin-tonifying medicinals (補陰藥), qi-tonifying medicinals (補氣藥), qi-regulating formulas (理氣劑), phlegm-dispelling formulas (去痰劑), and "water rising, fire falling" formulas (水升火降) in addition to emetic formulas (催吐劑), diuretic formulas (滲利劑), and interior-attacking formula (攻裏劑). Concepts like guange in Yixuerumen were somewhat useful when handling the applicable emergencies at the level of then medical treatment.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2021

Objectives : This paper aims to solve difficulties surrounding the verses related to lobes of liver in the 『Yixuerumen』. Methods : First, relevant verses were selected from the 『Yixuerumen』, then compared to texts from which they had originated. The differences and contrarieties between the texts were resolved through the perspective of plant taxonomy. Results : Wangbing's 'buye(布葉)' was taken as the seed leaf of the dicotyledonous plant and corrected to 'daye(大葉)' by Li Chan. The expression 'Yixiaoye(一小葉)' was understood as describing the many main leaves that look like one big leaf, which grow in between the seed leaves. 『Nanjing』's interpretation of there being three leaves on the left, and four on the right describes the leaf pattern that grows in alternation. Conclusions : Through analysis of the verses related to lobes of liver in the 『Yixuerumen』, we can presume that Li Chan had the knowledge and understanding required in plant taxonomy such as characteristics of a dicotyledonous plant and phyllotaxis.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2016

Objectives : Introduction to Medicine(醫學入門, Yixuerumen) is one of the basic clinical texts in Korean medical history. This study is designed to prove clinical value of Introduction to Medicine for practitioners in their early stage of clinical practice. Methods : Introduction to Medicine is closely reviewed in various aspects in order to examine broad outlines of specificity as well as its distinctive constructional feature. Results : Since Introduction to Medicine showed peculiar intention of developing practitioner's clinical ability, it has been a preferential choice for Korean medicine practitioners to enhance their qualification at the early stage of one's career in Korean history. It is still valid for modern practitioners because composite medical texts are needed in order to systematize one's fragmental knowledge acquired from institutional education. Conclusions : Introduction to Medicine shows a large potential as a clinical textbook in the course of maximizing one's clinical ability with its aid. Through understanding multilateral aspects of clinical guidelines and directions engraved in Introduction to Medicine, learners will be able to derive full capacity from the text.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.17-36
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• 2016

Objectives : This paper seeks to study the provenances of 10 Symptoms of Para-cold damage from Yixuerumen, and discovers the rationality and originality of para-cold damages recognized by Li Chan. Methods : The paper looks through the books referenced by Yixuerumen to investigate the source text for Yixuerumen's Para-cold Damage chapter, and the contents of the referenced books will be compared to that of Yixuerumen. Results : The sources of the 10 symptoms of para-cold damage from Yixuerumen Chapter of Cold Damage can be traced to Leizhenghuorenshu (expectoration, indigestion, rising temperature due to lack of energy, and beriberi), Wang Zhen's Shanghanzhengzhimingtiao Xinzengxuleishanghansizheng(the infection in a boil, blood sattis, caused overexertion, and pox), and Liu Chun's Yujiweiyi's chapter on Common Cold. Here, Li Chan made his own addition of internal damage and damage of overworking. Li Chan seems to have considered para-cold damage not as a type of cold damage but as a "concept relative to the broader range of cold damage." In reflection of this understanding, Li Chan limited the number of categories to ten in accordance with the developmental trace leading from Leizhenghuorenshu to Shanghanzhengzhimingtiao. When we understand para-cold damage as a "concept relative to the narrower range of cold damage," it could be used as a mean as for "Wenbin diagnosis," but Yixuerumen's para-cold damage is only utilized for the "diagnosis of a broader concept of cold damage." Conclusions : Li Chan deserves credits for his academic rationality and originality displayed by the method he used to form para-cold damages where he used real cold damage and para-cold damage as principles, by the division of para-cold damage symptoms into ten provenances, by the creation of the concept of para-cold damage, and by his broad collection of prescription and treatment corresponding to each type.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.167-184
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• 2017

Objectives : The paper attempted to analyze the contents found in the networks of five viscera in Yixuerumen's Zangfutiaofen published by Li Chan in 1575, and tried to reveal the body structure dealt in the contents through anatomical verification. Methods : Books such as Huataxianshengneizhaotu, Tushupian, and Shisijingfahui were used to compare, understand, and interpret the original texts and annotations of Yixuerumen in an attempt to verify these through anatomy reference texts and computer programs. Results : In Yixuerumen, some contents of the networks of five viscera were revised to see feixi as not one but two, and explained the relationship of intestinal organs through heart and lung. Anatomically speaking, the networks of five viscera has a vertical structure that unfolds top to bottom centering on aorta, and has many organs connected to it such as trachea, esophagus, splenic artery, pulmonary trunk, ureter, mesentery arteriovenous, gonadal artery, and ductus deferens. Conclusions : The networks of five viscera has a great significance in that it is the fruit of much efforts where oriental medicine tried to explain not only the functions of five viscera, but also the creation and circulation of qi, blood, and bodily fluids through anatomical observation.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

"Yixuerumen" is a comprehensive medical text published in the Ming-dynasty by Li Chan(李梴). In this text, Sanghan(傷寒, cold damage) is categorized among external contraction(外感) with much emphasis. The subject of this study is the verse "The Principal and secondary aspects must first be decided." and its annotations in the in the Sanghan chapter of "Yixuerumen". The complex theoretical structure of this verse was firstly analyzed, together with the historical background of how and why Li Chan adopted this concept. The Pyo-Bon concept is the contrast between phenomena(標) and its underlying source of motivation(本). The methodology for this study was to compare and analyze this main verse with contents on Sanghan and Un-gi(運氣) within the text, while reviewing historical theories explaining the physiology and pathology of the human body in terms of the Pyo-bon(標本) concept. As a result, we discovered that the Pyo-bon(標本) concept used in the aforementioned verse of "Yixuerumen" matches the Three Eum Three Yang(三陰三陽)-標本中氣(pyo-bon-jung gi)-gi transformation(氣化) theory of Un-gi(運氣). Li Chan created the connecting link in understanding the Three Eum Three Yang diagnosis system through the viscera/bowels theory(臟腑論) by adopting the Three Eum Three Yang(三陰三陽)-標本中氣(pyo-bon-jung gi)-gi transformation(氣化) theory from Un-gi. Li's work lead to several changes in the field of Sanghan. First, Li understood the disease pattern of Sanghan by using the accumulated knowledge of the viscera/bowel theory during the Jin-Yuan dynasty, and developed a medical perspective that observes the disease pattern based on the body's essence gi(精氣). Second, he set the category of the Sanghan-Three Eum Three Yang disease pattern, establishing a separate guideline. Third, by adding knowledge of herbs to the accumulated knowledge of the viscera/bowel theory, the process of diagnosis and herbal application were made explicable. On the other hand, in the process of interpreting the 三陰三陽 diagnosis system with viscera/bowels theory, theoretical inconsistencies appeared, of which Li tried to mend by several means. The results of the research on "Yixuerumen(醫學入門) the Sanghan chapter(傷寒篇)" calls for further studies, as it has effected both "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) the Sanghan part(寒門)" and "Dongeuisoosebowon(東醫壽世保元)" as well.