• 대한장애인치과학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2019

The aim of this study was to clarify the barriers of dental treatment for special needs patients felt by dentists and to determine the dentist-related factors contributing to the obstacles in treatment planning and decision making. Questionnaires were distributed and responded by dentists working at five public-based special care clinics in South Korea. Factors divided into three parts (dentist demographics, clinical factors, and educational and administrational factors) were assessed and analyzed for correlations between dentist-related factors and dentist-felt burdens for special care treatment. Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test were used at the level of 0.05. A total of 34 dentists responded to the questionnaires. Almost all dentists had obstacles in the treatment of special needs patients in terms of the patients' lack of cooperation (94.1%), proxy communication with caregivers (94.1%), payment reward system (63.6%), deficient workforce (67.7%), and others. The longer dentists had been practicing for special needs patients, the more they were dissatisfied with the reward system and a longer time was spent for communication with patients and their caregivers (p<0.05). For specialists, more obstacles were experienced in treatment planning due to a deficiency in the clinical information obtained from their patients compared to general practitioners (p<0.05). A total of 82.4% of the respondents approved of mandatory educational programs for special care dentists. There were practitioner-based factors related to the amount of obstacles felt by special care dentists. To overcome the treatment barrier of special needs patients, in-depth education and training are required in special care dentistry.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.5-25
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 공공도서관의 주제전문서비스와 주제전문사서에 대한 문헌정보학과 재학생의 인식에 대한 광범위한 조사연구이다. 전국의 문헌정보학과 학생들을 대상으로 주제전문서비스와 주제전문사서에 대한 인지 수준, 필요성 인식 수준, 주제전문사서의 역량과 현재 학생들의 역량, 주제전문사서의 자격제도 등에 대한 의견을 조사하였다. 그 결과 학생들의 주제전문서비스와 주제전문사서에 대한 이해와 필요성 수준, 주제전문사서로 일하고자 하는 의사, 주제전문사서 역량을 구비하기 위한 추가적인 노력을 기울인 의사가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 주제전문사서의 역량은 학사제도와 문헌정보학의 교과과정을 통해서 구비하고 있지만 아무것도 하지 않는 응답자 비율도 높았다. 주제전문사서 자격제도화 필요성이 있다고 하였고, 주제전문서비스를 하기 위해서는 주제전문성이 가장 중요한데, 현재 학생들은 스스로 주제전문성 부분이 가장 부족하다고 생각하였다. 이 연구의 결과들을 바탕으로 문헌정보학과 재학생들의 현재의 어려움을 개선하고 유능한 주제전문사서로 성장하는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 교육방안 개발에 관심을 두어야 한다고 제언하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권12호
• /
• pp.2214-2223
• /
• 2016

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize conserved molecular patterns and initiate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune responses against invading infectious agents. The aim of this study was to assess the transcript profile of mink TLRs (mTLRs) in mink peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and a range of tissues, and to explore the potential role of mTLRs in the antiviral immune response process. The results indicated that the mTLR partial nucleotide sequences had a high degree of nucleotide identity with ferret sequences (95-98%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that mammalian TLRs grouped into five TLR families, with a closer relationship of the mTLRs with those of ferret than the other mammalian sequences. Moreover, all the mTLRs were ubiquitously expressed in lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes) and PBMCs. Interestingly, the mTLR expression patterns in lung, uterus, and heart showed quite a lot of similarity. Another remarkable observation was the wide expression of mTLR1-3 mRNAs in all tissues. Among the analyzed tissues, skeletal muscle was revealed to being the lowest repertoire of mTLR expression. Additionally, mink PBMCs exposed to the canine distemper virus revealed significant upregulation of mTLR2, mTLR4, mTLR7, and mTLR8 mRNAs, indicating that mTLRs have a role in innate immunity in the mink. Collectively, our results are the first to establish the basic expression patterns of mTLRs and the relationship between mTLRs and a virus, which will contribute to better understanding of the evolution and the functions of mTLRs in the innate immune system in minks.

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제35권5_6호
• /
• pp.365-365
• /
• 2000

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.383-390
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we discuss special polynomials involving exponential distribution, which is related to life testing. We derive some identities of special polynomials such as the symmetric property, recurrence formula and so on. In addition, we investigate explicit properties of special polynomials by using their derivative and integral.

• 교육시설
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2005

This study is the second that aims at offering the basic information on the appropriate spatial organization of the special classes by looking at the relationship between a group of learning activities and a group of playing activities in Elementary and Middle Schools The learning space unit of the special classes should be more flexible for the various learning activities and be prepared in order to correspond to the needs of a territory for different learning appeared according to the degree of handicap, learning ability and the contents of learning. This study dealt with the learning space unit to tackle the problems of special classes. In fact, it is unwise to offer so many different kinds of learning spaces in every school. Due to the manifold and multiple characteristics of handicap, the problem of special classes should be approached by the overall educational system of special educational facilities rather than by a special classes space alone. In this respect, it can be said that this problem should be tackled by reorganization of the special classes in the community through specialization and network system of special class facilities in order to make more effective educational environment.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2009

These days the trend of special education is changing from special school-based education to special class room based education, and from separated education to integrated education. In accordance with this change, special classes should be planned for multi purposes so that the class room can be used for the place of teaching and learning, guidance, job education. This research surveyed the special teachers working for 937 schools which have special classes(elementary 631, middle 217 high school 89). The result of this survey shows the different responses according to the level of the schools. For education activities, elementary and middle schools put emphasis on curriculum rather than guidance. High education, elementary school should have the places for teaching and learning, student management, play ground. Middle schools give priority to the places for individual learning, computer and practical training. High schools value the places for job education and practical training above for learning.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.183-193
• /
• 2003

A special cause producing temporary deviation in the underlying process can influence on process adjustment in responsive feedback control system. In this paper, the impact of special causes on the EWMA(Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) forecasts and the process adjustment that is based on the EWMA forecasts are derived. For some special causes with patterned type of contamination, the influence of the causes on the output process are explicitly investigated. A data set, contaminated by a special cause of level shift, is analyzed to evaluate the impact numerically.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.151-160
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Special Supplementary Mathematics Class on self-efficiency and fear of mathematics in middle school. For this study, the students involved in Special Supplementary Mathematics Classes in middle school took a pre-test and an post-test. According to the results, First, the students showed increased self-efficacy in mathematics after the Special Supplementary Mathematics Class. Second, the students showed a decreased fear of mathematics after the Special Supplementary Mathematics Class. Third, there were no significant differences between boys and girls in the effect of Special Supplementary Mathematics Classes on self-efficacy and fear of mathematics. Fourth, there were significant differences between Grade 2 and Grade 3, and between Grade 1 and Grade 2 in the effect of Special Supplementary Mathematics Classes on self-efficacy in Mathematics.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제53권11호
• /
• pp.770-778
• /
• 2015

This article discusses how to conduct treatment planning and decision making in special needs dentistry. Special needs patients often lack cooperative ability during dental treatment and have a deteriorated oral health status. To overcome the limitation in communication with special needs patients and solve their complicated dental problems, dentists need to have extensive preoperative information about the patients and their caregivers. Treatment procedures should be organized in a patient-centered and cost-effective manner. Additionally, clinical outcomes need to be predicted taking into consideration of the patients' condition. The clinical experience of committed dentists is another factor that enhances the benefits of extensive treatment in special needs patients with many limitations. The insightful treatment decision-making of dentists will contribute to improving the oral health of special needs patients despite the various obstacles.