• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.255-277
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• 2011

Product Service System(PSS), which is an integrated combination of product and service, provides new value to customer and makes companies sustainable as well. The objective of this paper draws Critical Successful Factors(CSF) of PSS through multiple case study. First, we review various concepts and types in PSS and Platform business literature currently available on this topic. Second, after investigating various cases with the characteristics of PSS and platform business, we select four cases of 'iPod of Apple', 'Kindle of Amazon', 'Zune of Microsoft', and 'e-book reader of Sony'. Then, the four cases are categorized as successful and failed cases according to criteria of case selection and PSS classification. We consider two methodologies for the case selection, i.e., 'Strategies for the Selection of Samples and Cases' proposed by Bent(2006) and the seven case selection procedures proposed by Jason and John(2008). For case selection, 'Stratified sample and Paradigmatic cases' is adopted as one of several options for sampling. Then, we use the seven case selection procedures such as 'typical', 'diverse', 'extreme', 'deviant', 'influential', 'most-similar', and 'mostdifferent' and among them only three procedures of 'diverse', 'most?similar', and 'most-different' are applied for the case selection. For PSS classification, the eight PSS types, suggested by Tukker(2004), of 'product related', 'advice and consulancy', 'product lease', 'product renting/sharing', 'product pooling', 'activity management', 'pay per service unit', 'functional result' are utilized. We categorize the four selected cases as a product oriented group because the cases not only sell a product, but also offer service needed during the use phase of the product. Then, we analyze the four cases by using cross-case pattern that Eisenhardt(1991) suggested. Eisenhardt(1991) argued that three processes are required for avoiding reaching premature or even false conclusion. The fist step includes selecting categories of dimensions and finding within-group similarities coupled with intergroup difference. In the second process, pairs of cases are selected and listed. The second step forces researchers to find the subtle similarities and differences between cases. The third process is to divide the data by data source. The result of cross-case pattern indicates that the similarities of iPod and Kindle as successful cases are convenient user interface, successful plarform strategy, and rich contents. The differences between the successful cases are that, wheares iPod has been recognized as the culture code, Kindle has implemented a low price as its main strategy. Meanwhile, the similarities of Zune and PRS series as failed cases are lack of sufficient applications and contents. The differences between the failed cases are that, wheares Zune adopted an undifferentiated strategy, PRS series conducted high-price strategy. From the analysis of the cases, we generate three hypotheses. The first hypothesis assumes that a successful PSS system requires convenient user interface. The second hypothesis assumes that a successful PSS system requires a reciprocal(win/win) business model. The third hypothesis assumes that a successful PSS system requires sufficient quantities of applications and contents. To verify the hypotheses, we uses the cross-matching (or pattern matching) methodology. The methodology matches three key words (user interface, reciprocal business model, contents) of the hypotheses to the previous papers related to PSS, digital contents, and Information System (IS). Finally, this paper suggests the three implications from analyzed results. A successful PSS system needs to provide differentiated value for customers such as convenient user interface, e.g., the simple design of iTunes (iPod) and the provision of connection to Kindle Store without any charge. A successful PSS system also requires a mutually benefitable business model as Apple and Amazon implement a policy that provides a reasonable proft sharing for third party. A successful PSS system requires sufficient quantities of applications and contents.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.25
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• pp.145-174
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to research the correlation of Sijo with Akjang. In Joseon Dynasty, the contact of folk music and court music was brisk. Although they had some political premises, many Jeongjaes presented in the royal court parties accepted Gagok, one of the representative folk song genres. It was an eye-opening matter. The song words sung by Gagok music accompaniment were the lyrics of Sijo. We can give Sijo that was used in diverse royal court parties as an typical example about introduction of folk music to the court music. A lot of Goryeo Dynasty's Jeongjaes were introduced to Joseon Dynasty nearly as they are. Naturally so most Sokak-gasas were. Bukjeon was sung to Jinjak tune which Jeong-gwajeong was sung. Bukjeon in the music book Akhak-Guebum is a long song, but instead Bukjeons in the music book Geumhapjabo and Yang'geum-sinbo are short. It suggests that the poetic form of Sijo was introduced to the Lyric of royal court music from a point of time in the early Joseon Dynasty. Especially, Bukjeon had been continued to the late Joseon Dynasty after exchanging to the lyric form of Sijo. Bukjeon had been used In the royal court to the first half of Joseon Dynasty It became established in the repertory of Gagok after spreading to people out of court. Turnover from the long Bukjeon to the short was a result that the folk music influenced royal court music. Bukjeon. song words praying King's longevity. was used in the diverse situations such as a small royal parties, royal archery, and King's outing. It can be a clue that the Korean song words continued to late Joseon Dynasty were used for the lyric of royal court music. In the correlation of the poetic form of Sijo and Akjang, we can find out some characteristics different from our common sense to distinguish royal court music from folk music.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 1985

According to the records that all the people in our country were taught the way of braiding the hair and hatting in the first year of 'Tangun' (the founding father of the Korean nation) and that the discipline between sovereign and subject, man and woman, and the standard of food, drink and dwelling were originated from that year, it seems that all the people in our country had lived with keeping a certain standard of food, clothing and shelter, and with maintaining the order in life from ancient times. So, our country have been called 'the Eastern Land of Courtesy' and also regarded as 'the country of the true gentle-man' which was characterized as the custom of a humane, and as the country that had the immortality since a benevolent person lived to a great age. Thus, all the people in our country have lived with keeping and maintaining a certain standard of all aspects in life, and the philosophy in life that we have today was established by the influences of our characteristic thought, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Christianity, especially the life style in the Chosun Dynasty Period have strong influence on our today life. Thus, the contents concerned with the standard of custume life among those of all life in the Chosun Dynasty Period was studied, and clothes itself is unable to give expression to its ends but when the relationship that is, the inter-harmony among clothes, the body which will be dressed in, and the inherent psyche in that body is formed, then the ends, the complete beauty will be expressed. Though there were many studies dealt with clothes itself, no one was concerned with the all kinds of standard in activities that the dresser should keep, so the purpose of this article is that as above. The literature search is used as the research method. The eight books, 'Noneo' (the Analects of Confucius), 'Yeogi' (the Book of Courtesy), 'Sohak' (the book of Precepts for child-ren), 'Yeosaseo'(the Women's Four Books), 'Sasojeol'(Korean Scholars' Minor Principles) 'Eonhaenaehoon' (Private Moral Instructions for Women), 'Woo-am seonsaeng kyenyeoseo' (Master Woo-am's Cautions for Girls) and 'Kyoobangkasa' (the Lyric Lines of the Boudoir) that had influenced the whole field of life in the Chosun Dynasty Period are analyzed, selected and finally arranged for studyilng the foundation of culture of the clothing and for helping to that culture in modern and future life. The results are as follows: 1. The standard of the clothing life in the Chosun Dynasty Period had deeply rooted in the teaching of confucianism, but also had been influenced by the custom which rooted in our people. 2. There is the emphasis upon the trinity among mind, clothes and activities in the clothing life. 3. The clothing and hat have to be dressed symmetrically in full of all required elements, 4. There is the harmony between the clothing with hat and environments or surroundings. 5. The true elegance in the clothing life will be realized not by the exterior outfit but by the interior outfit with the attitude of chastiny. In conclusion, as the material of clothing life in the Chosun Dynasty Period has the characteristics of the simplicity, the cleanliness, the elegance and the refinement, our clothing life is to be mastered with the simplicity, the cleanliness and the elegance in that life and with the harmony between the inside and the outside.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.20-30
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• 2013

'Paulownia tree', one of a tree species which has been with human civilization, has been widely used as a garden plant. The purpose of this study is to investigate concrete species of 'paulownia tree,' which had been planted in Korean traditional garden, the position of plantation, and consider its usefulness therefrom. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. 1. As the result of considering old literatures as encyclopedia, agricultural book (農書), gardening book, etc., there's a difference in the description of 'paulownia tree' depending on the complier, as well, the classification of concrete species is quite ambiguous. Therefore, it judged a limit which is planted based on point of the compass is not apply to species of tress of paulownia tree. Merely, the point of suitability and evasion(宜忌) related to the plantation of 'paulownia tree' could be identified in "Jeungbosanrimgyeongje(增補山林經濟) and "Imwongyeongjeji(林園經濟志)", not "Sanrimgyeongje (山林經濟)". 2. It could be confirmed again through poetry and prose which describe old garden that the words such as 'O(梧)', 'Dong(桐)', 'Odong(梧桐)', etc. were used without significant division. However, it is supposed that the species 'Odong' which was actually adopted at the garden might be Catalpa as well including Korean Paulownia and Chinese parasol tree. 3. It is considered that the reference point of suitability and evasion(宜忌) regarding 'paulownia tree' plantation was not generally applied. That is, species of paulownia tree was not divided for planting according to direction, as well, they seemed to willingly plant paulownia trees nearby the house as well, e.g. front yard or nearby yard, etc. 4. The usefulness of paulownia tree as a garden plant of an old garden played a role of 'the messenger of fall,' emphasizing a sense of the season. 5. Paulownia tree has another usefulness as a tree which adds an Ephemeral landscape. Therefore, the ancient people considered 'paulownia tree' that goes with 'the moon' the best, and enjoyed the quaint beauty of those two are juxtaposed. Also, 'paulownia tree' was utilized as a tree which adds an atmosphere of a rainy day, such as enjoying the sound of rain dropping on the 'paulownia tree', etc. The limitation of this study is that the research was performed being restricted to the translation among lots of Chinese references. Later-on task of research is the necessity of a more in-depth study through the discover of new historical sources and the accumulation of translation outcome.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.75-92
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• 1996

Geography education is one of the best ways to improve the understanding of other countries. By analyzing Korean and Japanese textbooks on world geography, I tried to find out how well they explain the other country and to set forth guiding principles for geography education. To achieve these aims, weight analysis are used. The major findings in this study can be summarised as follow. The contents of Korean and Japanese geography textbooks were analyzed deviding into 2 major topics, 6 minor topics, and 20 key concepts. (1) By analyzing Korean geography textbook of the 5th curriculum the weight percentages which had been given to each minor topics were found. They are as follow: resource problem(57.7%), human right problem(21.4%), population problem (9.0%), mutual dependence(6.0%), environmental problem(3.3%), international competition(2.6%). (2) By analyzing Korean geography text-book of the 6th curriculum the weight percentages which had been give to each minor topics were found. They are as follow: resource problem(42.7%), human right problem(21.7%), mutual dependence (20.9%), environmental problem(7.7%), population problem(4.6%), international competition(2.4%) (3) By analyzing Japanise geography text-book of 5th curriculum ammendment the weight percentages which had been give to each minor topics were found. They are as follows: resource problem(49.9%) human right problem(21.7%), mutual dependence(15.5%), population problem (7.1%), international competition(6.2%), environmental problem(3.8%) (4) By analyzing Japanise geography textbook of 6th curriculum ammendment the weight percentages which had been give to each minor topics were found. They are as follows human right problem (31.6%), mutual dependence(22.8%), resource problem(20.7%), population problem(12.7%), environmental problem(8.6%), international competition(3.6%). We can see that in the field of dependence Korea and Japan put the similar weight but in the field of common problem they put the fairly different weight. It can be viewed as the difference of curriculum. That is to say Korea used both the systematic method on the basis of unit but Japan used only topical method on the basis of unit. Therefore Korean geography textbook introduce agriculture, forestry, fishery, mining industry and manufacturing industry. Japanese textbook, however gives a detailed account about residents' lives in specific area. For that reason in Korean textbook, resource was stressed, while in Japanese textbook, culture was stressed.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.17-33
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• 2019

This study examines the fundamental ethics of practice that Dasan Jung Yak-yong(1762-1836) argued at the book, "Dàxuégōngyì大學公議, The Public debate of Great Learning", by investigating the relationship between main agents of education. "Dàxuégōngyì", the book that Dasan wrote when he was 53 years old at his exiled place, Gangjin. As the title suggested, Dàxuégōngyì, it could be recognized as the impartial view based on the critical perspective to Zhūxǐ(朱憙)'s opinion. Zhuxi focused on the importance of "Great Learning 大學" as a study of the Great people and argued that "Great Learning" is the study for all the people should learn. On the other hand, Dasan claimed that "Tàixuézhīdào太學之道" in "Great Learning" is the study for the prince, not for the normal people. And he also interpreted "Dàxué 大學" as the school for teaching prince. In addition, "Great Learning" suggested the three practical principles; to illustrate illustrious virtue; to renovate the people; and to rest in the highest excellence. However, Dasan argued different way and emphasized three ethics of practice; filial piety(孝), admiration(弟), mercy(慈) and regarded as illustrious virtue of "Great Learning." He denied the three principle of "Great Learning" that Zhuxi reorganized and suggested including renovating the people(新民), and provided that close to the people(親民) is one of the main principles of "Great Learning." According to Dasan, if the king practices these three ethics of practice including filial piety, admiration, and mercy, so that the people will practice these ethics voluntarily. In other words, he indicated that the practice of three ethics is not only for the prince in the loyal family, but also for principles to educate the people in the nation. Thus, three ethics by Dasan including filial piety, admiration, and mercy could be recognized as the symbol of humanity. In other words, Dasan's three ethics in "Great Learning" can be recognized as the practical principles including educational issues and educational interactions. If these three ethics can be referred as the symbol of humanity as mentioned above, the implicit educational interactions are specifically constructed within the basic assumptions. Therefore, it is possible to clarify the specific ethics of practice by the indicating specific subjects and objects in the educational interactions between these three ethics of practice. Also, it helps more clear comprehension about the "Dàxuégōngyì大學公議, The Public debate of Great Learning", by Dasan.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.195-228
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to review the mobility-based textual research methods raised in Mobility and Foucault and apply them to textual analysis. This book contains seven articles applying Foucault's terms to mobility studies, giving intellectual stimulation to both studies. Since Foucault examined discipline power operated through the technology of distinguishing between rational/irrational and normal/abnormal, his works seem to a study of closed spaces like prisons. However, the authors of this book note that Foucault's works already had sufficient insight on mobility, and them actively incorporated it into mobility study. When we concentrate Foucault's works on mobility as a governmentality and a dispositif, the tension and dynamics between mobility and immobility are emphasized. And then it is possible to cross the simple dichotomy in mobility studies. This paper analyzes Kim Joong-hyuk's short story 1F/B1 by applying this method. This story describes a building manager who seems to be fixed in a building, but the mobility of him in the story goes through stereotypes and creates new spaces. Kim Hye-jin's short stories also represent mobility that cannot move and hesitates. These stories are important in that they show the mobility as a dispositif that constitutes the subject. When referring to the achievements of Mobility and Foucault, we read this narrative again by paying attention to the dynamics of mobility and immobility in the text. The significance of this paper is that it expands mobility-based textual research anew. While text analysis applying mobility study was usually focused on clearly mobile narratives such as travel statements and diaspora narratives, Mobility and Foucault drives new textual research by paying attention to the relationship between power and mobility, mobility and immobility dynamics. Therefore, this paper is significant in confirming the new meaning of the text revealed when paying attention to the representation of mobility in the narrative that no one seems to be mobile, and seeking to expand the mobility-based textual research method.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.41
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• pp.219-255
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• 2020

This article was triggered by Victor H. Mair's book 'Painting and performance'. The book explained that Buddhist paintings are common in the area where Buddhism was spread, and there are also performances using them. And although it has nothing to do with Buddhism, it has been shown that this form of performance can be global. However, the problem was not 'Korea'. It was because there was no record or transmission of the corresponding performance soon. In this situation, the landing method of Samcheok stable temple was announced in 2018. On the one hand, the academic community is very pleased, but on the other hand, it is troubled. The worries are summed up as 'synchronic and diachronic universality'. Is the landing method inherited from the Samcheok stable temple a unique type of temple? Otherwise, it is a question of whether it has been passed down or is it universal at the national level. However, prior to this essential question, we do not yet know the full picture of the stable landing method. So this article was prepared to show the overall outline of the stable landing method. There is a 'picture' in common throughout the landing method, and understanding how to operate it in various ways is the first step in understanding the landing method. There are five repertoires (which are called main halls) that are considered important, and more than that. What these repertoires have in common is the narrative structure of a Buddhist character. In this narrative, the most important thing is the revised figure, and it was the earthly method to inform the contents of the revised figure in various ways. In the case of Byeonsangdo, which serves as a clue to the narrative, there was a problem that could not be seen in the evening without light, which required special design. It is the way of shadow play and Yeongdeung. In other words, there are three types of performances in the landing method. The first is the method of using reparation, and the second is the method of using shadow. The third is the way of eternity. This method is not a selection based on the contents of the repertoire, but a selection based on the performance environment. If there is light and you can see the picture, use reparation. However, in the evening, it was impossible to see it dark (when there was no electricity in the past). The use of the visual method as a tool in this method is to confirm the transition to a visual culture that is a step further from the level of culture. Moreover, unlike the epic narrative, the power of the implied image provided an opportunity for viewers to experience the mystery of Buddhism through emotional stimulation.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.429-462
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• 2019

This paper argues how the concept of melodrama can be articulated with the Affect Theory and Posthumanism in relation to animal or environment representation which have emerged as the new topics of the recent era. The argument will be made through the discussion of Agustin Zarzosa's book, Refiguring Melodrama in Film and Television: Captitve Affects, Elastic Sufferings, Vicarious Objects. Using a genealogical approach, the book revisits the notion of mode, affect, suffering (hysteria), and excess which have been dealt with in the existing studies of melodrama. In chapter one, he broadens the concept of melodrama as a mode into the means of redistribution of suffering across the whole society in the mechanism of the duo of evil and virtue. It is the opposition of Brooks's argument in which melodrama functions as the means of proving the distinction between evil and virtue. Chapter two focuses on the fact that melodrama is an elastic system of specification rather than a system of signification, with the perspective of Deleuzian metaphysics. Through the analysis of Home from the Hill (Vincente Minnelli, 1959), this chapter pays attention to an 'affect' generated by the encounters between the bodies and the Mise-en-Scène as a flow not of a meaning but of an affect. Chapter three argues that melodrama should reveal an unloved (woman's) suffering, opposing the discussion on the role of melodrama as the recovery of moral order. Safe (Todd Haynes, 1995), dealing with female suffering caused by the industrial and social environment, elaborates on the arguments on melodrama in relation to female hysteria with ecocritical standpoints. The rest of the two chapters discusses the role of melodrama for the limitation and extension of the notion of the human through 'animal' and 'posthuman' melodrama. It argues that the concept of melodrama as 'excess' and 'sacrifice' blurs the boundary between human and inhuman. In summary, although the author Zarzosa partly agrees with Peter Brook's notion of mode, affect and sufferings,he elaborates the concept of melodrama, by articulating philosophical arguments such as Deleuzianism, feminism, and posthumanism (Akira Lippit and Carry Wolf) with the melodrama. Thefore, Zarzosa challenges the concepts of melodrama led by Brooks, which had been canonical in the field.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.281-313
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• 2019

This paper was written to investigate the narrative traits of Lee Ae-rim's Comic Books. Lee Ae-rim arrived on the scene with the boom of comic book magazines in the 1990s. Although she started her career as a Comic Book writer, she expanded her own area gradually and has been working actively as an animation director as well. The superficial characteristics of Lee Ae-rim's works can be summed up as sexuality, grotesqueness, and fantasy. In other words, Lee Ae-rim's comic books are mainly characterized by the visualization of sexual, grotesque, and fantastic shapes. Lee Ae-rim has faced challenges with her own overwhelming and compelling images like no one else. For that reason, it is true that people haven't paid careful attention to the hidden stories behind her pictures. This paper considers that looking back on the narratives that Lee Ae-rim has been interested in, from early days to recent days, that is to say, the contexts of stories, is a shortcut to reveal a point of contact between her past, present, and future. Especially, this paper focused on the properties of the circulated and repeated stories, the stories ruled by fate and coincidence, and the stories in which elements of fantasy encounter an attempt of violation. As a result, it was found that the narratives of Lee Ae-rim's comic books demand us to face suppressed desires in a new way, by wrapping up the most fundamental aspects of human being in universality and constancy with specificity and grotesqueness. The reason why Lee Ae-rim has continued the avant-garde and omnidirectional works thus far explains what our society suppresses, inversely. Moreover, the narratives of Lee Ae-rim are significant, by being devoted to the right function of art not only to disclose suppressed desires but to satisfy them. Making an in-depth investigation of the narratives of Lee Ae-rim's comic books in various contexts, this research is intended to establish a diversity of Korean comic books, by adding meaning to the creative values of individual writers.