• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2007

Analysis of population structure of Oncorhynchus keta, the most abundant salmon in the East Sea of Korea, has not been much carried out despite its importance as a fishery resource in the North Pacific. Currently, molecular methods are being applied to stock identification and a method of using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is getting more popular. In this study, we analyzed the 720 bp long sequence of the mtDNA COIII-ND3-ND4L region in order to examine genetic similarity-dissimilarity among the Korea chum salmons of each stream and their relationship with the Japan chum salmons. A total of 152 individuals were analyzed, 108 from 3 locations of Korea and 44 from 2 locations of japan, which resulted in as many as 29 different haplotypes. Pairwise $F_{ST}$ and AMOVA tests of the populations show that there is no significant population-level genetic difference among the chum salmons analyzed ($F_{ST}<0.07$). On the other hand, haplotype relationships among the individuals reveal that approximately 25% of the Korea salmons consist genetic lineages independent of Japan salmons and also that a genetic lineage exists in the Puk river and the Namdae river salmons independent of the Wangpi river salmons of Korea.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2015

The Red Book contains C.G. Jung's insightful comment on life suggesting the thoughts of the Eastern philosophers, particularly that of Lao Zi. The author reviewed Jung's commentaries in the Red Book in comparison with Lao Zi Dao De Jing. Jung's comments on the image of despised Surpreme Being, on the Simplicity, the attitudes of 'the Spirit of the Depth' toward intellectual knowledges and speech, toward the small and the mockered one resemble to what Lao Zi spoke on Dao in his Dao De Jing. The 'good and evil' are regarded by both C.G. Jung and Lao Zi as two poles in one total psyche. The favorite words of Lao Zi : 'emptiness' or 'empty' are frequently mentioned in the Red Book. The investigation in this concern revealed that C.G. Jung, contrary to Lao Zi has applied the word 'emptiness' mostly as the opposite to the fullness. C.G. Jung's way of encountering with the darkest side of soul in the Hell and his bold confrontation to the authoritative person such as Philemon, above all, the intensity of his experiences in the state of the utmost tension between the opposites are extraordinarily impressive and somehow strange when regarded from traditional eastern way of behavior such as I-You relationship and the patterns of emotional life based on Confucian tradition. Confucius never talked about the prodigies, feasts of strength and disorders or spirits. Lao Zi never mentioned infernal cruelty. Noteworthy is however, both have enough experienced the cruelty of life and conflicts in the reality and what they spoke was not a process in search for solution but the final proposals for the solution of human agony. C.G. Jung was, like great shaman in central and East-Asia forced to go through inferno in his unique way and from these experiences obtained the insight which resembles not only to Lao Zi but also to wisdoms from the western philosophies and also from the Christianity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.473-483
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• 2023

This study was conducted to find out the psychological or physiological healing effects of real natural forests and virtual forest experiences using virtual reality (VR) in an artificially-controlled digital environment. To find out this, 81 healthy undergraduate students from C University were experimented on visual forest stimulation effects in the digital environment from September 5 to December 9 in 2022. The experiment evaluated the psychological and physiological healing effects of visual forest stimulation in the digital forest environment (2D, 3D). The SRI (stress response inventory) experiment for analyzing psychological effect showed statistically significant differences among groups. As for the SRI experiment for measuring psychological stress, except Control group, 2D group in the digital environment showed little difference before and after the experiment. But 3D group showed less stress than before. As a result, it was proved that visual forest stimulation in a forest-based digital environment (2D, 3D) reduces psychological stress significantly. And when analyzing how visual forest stimulation changes EEG (electroencephalogram) in the digital environment, alpha waves (RA), which are activated during relaxation or stabilization, were more active than beta waves (RB), which are activated during tension or awakening. This study is expected to be used to create a psychological and physiological healing environment for those who cannot go to a natural forest due to mobility difficulties by providing them visual forest stimulation experiences in a digital environment. It is also expected that the results will be the basis for forest healing in the digital environment and virtual reality programs will help forest healing activities.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2024

An in-structure response spectrum (ISRS) is required to evaluate the seismic performance of a nuclear power plant (NPP). However, when a new ISRS is required because of the change in the unique spectrum of an NPP site, considerable costs such as seismic response re-analyses are incurred. This study provides several approaches to generate approximate methods for ISRS scaling, which do not require seismic response re-analyses. The ISRSs derived using these approaches are compared to the original ISRS. The effect of the ISRS of the approximate method on the seismic response and seismic performance of one of the main systems of an NPP is analyzed. The ISRS scaling approximation methods presented in this study produce ISRSs that are relatively similar at low frequencies; however, the similarity decreases at high frequencies. The effect of the ISRS scaling approximate method on the calculation accuracy of the seismic response/seismic performance of the system is determined according to the degree of similarity in the calculation of the system's essential mode responses for the method.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the swelling behavior characteristics of KJ-II buffer blocks by performing numerical analysis of swelling pressure measurement experiments using the nonlinear elasticity model of COMSOL Multiphysics. The analysis was conducted under boundary conditions that included isotropic constraints and water injection pressure, mirroring the experimental settings. Validation of the numerical model was achieved by comparing its outputs with experimental results. The validated model was then used to simulate swelling deformations under unconfined conditions and to analyze swelling pressure as influenced by dry density and the geometric shape of the buffer material. The results accurately represented the swelling deformation observed during the saturation process and demonstrated that swelling pressure increases with higher dry density. Moreover, simulations concerning the geometric shape of the buffer material indicated a markedly faster rate of pressure increase in U-shaped samples compared to cylindrical ones. Analysis suggested that stress manifested preemptively near the internal edges of U-shaped samples during saturation. To enhance the simulation's fidelity to actual buffer material behavior, further refinement of the analysis model using a nonlinear elasticity model is recommended.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.70-79
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• 2024

Raman analyzer is an analytical technique that utilizes the "Raman effect", which occurs when light is scattered by the inherent vibrations of molecules. It is used for molecular identification and composition analysis. In the natural gas industry, it is widely used in bunkering and tank lorry fields in addition to LNG export and import terminals. In this study, a LNG-specific Raman analyzer was installed and operated under actual field conditions to analyze the composition and principal properties (calorific value, reference density, etc.) of LNG. The measured LNG composition and calorific value were compared with those obtained by conventional gas chromatograph that are currently in operation and validated. The test results showed that the Raman analyzer provided rapid and stable measurements of LNG composition and calorific value. When comparing the calorific value, which serves as the basis for LNG transactions, with the results from conventional gas chromatograph, the Raman analyzer met the acceptable error criteria. Furthermore, the measurement results obtained in this study satisfied the accuracy criteria of relevant international standards (ASTM D7940-14) and demonstrated similar outcomes compared to large-scale international demonstration cases.

• The Journal of KAIRB
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to develop preliminary items for measuring the perceived service quality of clinical trials among participants and to verify content validity. Methods: This study was designed as a methodological study. A conceptual framework was established based on Brady and Cronin's hierarchical model, and preliminary items were prepared through translation-back-translation, a review of existing instruments, and in-depth interviews with clinical trial participants and clinical research coordinators. The final items were completed through content validity testing by experts and a review of items by clinical trial participants for the prepared preliminary items. Results: Through this study, a set of 58 items across four domains (quality of interaction with researchers, the physical environment, performance procedures, and performance results) and 9 components (information·education·communication, trust, respect for participant preferences, securing facilities and space, accessibility, comfortability, informed consent, coordination of care, subjective understanding of clinical trials) on the service quality of clinical trials were completed. The scale content validity index of all preliminary items was 0.96, meeting the recommended standards. The individual-item content validity index also meets the recommended criteria for most items, excluding four items. Conclusion: This study holds significance in developing items to measure the quality of clinical trial execution from the perspective of participants. By verifying the reliability and validity of these items through subsequent research, it is expected that they can be utilized as a valuable instrument to devise strategies for improving the quality of clinical trials.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2024

This study investigated the effects of various naked barley starch contents (0, 0.67, 1.34, 2.0, and 2.67 wt%) in surimi mixtures for 3D printing. Adding starch to surimi altered its texture, potentially reducing production costs. Unheated surimi became less firm with higher starch content. After heating, there was an increase in hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience, peaking at 1.34 wt% starch. Compared to the negative control, starch-added heated surimi had a tougher texture. The color values (L^*, a^*, and b^*) decreased after heating, with no significant change in shearing force with increasing starch content. Sensory evaluation indicated improved smell, texture, hardness, elasticity, and preference over the negative control. Higher starch content increased hardness for 3D printing suitability with no significant difference above 1.34 wt% starch indicating this is the most appropriate content. Naked barley starch enhanced surimi strength without affecting smell and preference, suggesting it as a potential surimi additive.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2024

The meats of tuna Thunnus albacares and swordfish Xiphias gladius are ideal for fish patty production, offering high nutrition and other health benefits. Although red fish meat, including tuna, is added for cost-effectiveness, swordfish white meat is also used, as its aroma resembles that of market-sold beef patties. Here, we assessed the different blending ratios of tuna red meat and swordfish white meat (60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100) to find the optimal combination for fish patty production. Regarding color, the heated fish patties exhibited increased redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) compared with those of non-heated ones, with similar brightness (L*). The heated patties also scored higher concerning hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness. A higher proportion of swordfish white meat resulted in a softer texture, particularly in patties with a ratio of 40% red meat to 60% white meat. Considering the results of the texture comparison analysis, it is recommended that the texture be improved by increasing the physical property "softness." Sensory evaluations revealed that the addition of white meat led to increased scores in terms of smell, beef taste, texture, and elasticity. These results suggest that swordfish white meat, with improved overall quality, is a suitable raw material for fish patties. Accordingly, the recommended ratio of 20% tuna red meat to 80% swordfish white meat is optimal for fish patty production.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.493-499
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• 2024

Antimicrobial peptides are antimicrobial substances inherent in animals and plants, with strong antibacterial activity even in small amounts and with various other functions such as antiviral and antioxidant actions. Plants can be grown with just water and sunlight, allowing for their mass production at low costs. However, transforming a chloroplast into one that produces antimicrobial peptides, rather than growing plants, increases the amount of protein expression and minimizes contamination of the ecosystem because gene transfer by pollen does not occur. In that context, using transgenic plant chloroplasts to produce recombinant proteins increases protein degradation and reduces the solubility of proteins. To solve this problem, we fused SUMO, a fusion protein, with a recombinant protein. We also used a 6xHis tag to purify the fusion protein. The antimicrobial peptide stomoxyn is an antibacterial substance found in stable flies. Stomoxyn has an α-helix structure and is amphiphilic, which allows it to dissolve bacterial cell membranes. In this study, we constructed a transformation vector to express stomoxyn in both plant chloroplasts and Escherichia coli and used this vector to confirm the expression of stomoxyn in E. coli. The expression of the protein was then confirmed in E. coli using a transformation vector. The expressed stomoxyn was purified by nickel column and SUMOase treatment, and its antibacterial activity was confirmed using an agar diffusion assay. The EGFP gene was used to ensure that the transformed vector was inserted into the chloroplast.