• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.55-60
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• 2020

The PERC photovoltaic (PV) modules installed in PV power plant are still reports potential-induced degradation (PID) degradation due to high voltage potential differences. This is because Na+ ions in the cover glass of PV modules go through the encapsulant (EVA) and transferred to the surface of solar cells. As positive charges are accumulated at the ARC (SiOx/SiNx) interface where many defects are distributed, shunt-resistance (Rsh) is reduced. As a result, the leakage current is increased, and decrease in solar cell's power output. In this study, to prevent of this phenomenon, a Moth-eye nanostructure was deposited on the rear surface of an optical film using Nano-Imprint Lithography method, and a solar mini-module was constructed by inserting it between the cover glass and the EVA. To analyze the PID phenomenon, a cell-level PID acceleration test based on IEC 62804-1 standard was conducted. Also analyzed power output (Pmax), efficiency, and shunt resistance through Light I-V and Dark I-V. As a result, conventional solar cells were decreased by 6.3% from the initial efficiency of 19.76%, but the improved solar cells with the Moth-eye nanostructured optical film only decreased 0.6%, thereby preventing the PID phenomenon. As of Moth-eye nanostructured optical film, the transmittance was improved by 4%, and the solar module output was improved by 2.5%.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate laryngeal characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A total of 50 children participated, including eight children aged 2 to 4 years old diagnosed with ASD and 42 normal controls at the same age. All children recorded X-ray images of the midsagittal plane of the cervical spine and larynx, and compared the laryngeal positions of ASD and control. In addition, samples of children with vowel prolongation were collected and analyzed for acoustic parameters. X-rays showed that the height of the hyoid bone in the normal group was the lowest at 3 years of age, and ascended at 4 years of age. Nevertheless, the distance from the external acoustic meatus to the hyoid bone was longest at age 4. 4-year-olds with explosive language development showed laryngeal height elevation and anteriorization. In contrast, the hyoid height of the ASD group of all ages was lower than that of the control group, and there was no difference in the hyoid position between the ages. As a result of acoustic evaluation, PFR, vFo, and vAm were significantly higher ASD than control. Low laryngeal height of ASD children may be associated with delayed language development. PFR, vFo, and vAm seem to be voice markers showing the difference between normal and ASD children.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.147-165
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• 2021

The flora of the vascular plants in Deoksesan Mt. and its adjacent areas, located at Inje-gun, Gangwon province, were surveyed for a total ten times from April of 2018 to July of 2020. The result of this survey revealed 457 taxa, consisting of 90 families, 287 genera, 404 species, 13 subspecies, 35 varieties, and 5 forms. Among them, 12 taxa were endemic plants to Korea, and 7 taxa were rare plants. Red list plants and those designated as controlled Korean biological resources, requiring special permission for export outside of the county, numbered 3 and 103 taxa, respectively. The floristic target species amounted to 83 taxa, specifically 8 taxa of grade IV, 26 taxa of grade III, 21 taxa of grade II, and 28 taxa of grade I. In addition, 14 taxa were classified as plants adaptable to climate change, and 4 taxa at their respective northern limits, first recorded in this study, were also investigated. Twenty-nine taxa of alien plants and 4 taxa of ecosystem disturbance species were also found in this area. Our results suggest that some species should be preserved and can serve as basic information with which to establish data on the preservation of resources, such as plant diversity and distributional changes on Deoksesan Mt.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contrast effect if a saline flush following low-volume contrast medium bolus improves vascular and parenchymal enhancement using a saphenous vein in abdominal CT for small animals. Six clinically healthy beagle dogs underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced CT. They were divided into nine groups (each group, n = 6), according to the volume of contrast medium 1, 2, and 3 mL/kg, and volume of the saline solution 0, 5, and 10 mL. Dynamic CT scanning was performed at the hepatic hilum level. The maximum contrast enhancement, time to maximum enhancement, and time to equilibrium phase were calculated from the time attenuation curves. Mean attenuation values for all groups were measured in the aorta, portal vein, and liver. After contrast enhancement, grading of image quality regarding surrounding artifacts and evaluation of the hepatic hilum structures was performed. For comparison of the effect of the contrast material and saline solution doses, differences in mean attenuation values between the contrast medium 2 mL/kg without saline flush group and the remaining groups, and between contrast medium 3 mL/kg without saline flush group and the remaining groups, were analyzed for statistical significance. There were no significant differences between with and without saline flushing at the same contrast medium dose groups. There were no significant differences in peak values between the 3 mL/kg dose of contrast medium alone and the 2 mL/kg dose of contrast medium with saline solution flush. However, there was a significant difference in peak values between the 3 mL/kg dose of the contrast medium without the saline flush group and the 2 mL/kg dose of the contrast medium alone group. Grades of the artifacts were not significantly different in the saline flush regardless of the dose of the contrast medium. Using 2 mL/kg of contrast medium with saline solution flush resulted in similar liver parenchyma attenuation, compared with using 3 mL/kg of contrast medium without saline solution flush. In CT evaluation of hepatic parenchymal diseases, using 2 mL/kg of contrast medium with saline solution flush may yield decreased risk of contrast nephropathy and cost-saving.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.439-445
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the distance of culture and life by 'The Relation-Approach.' For this, We identified the path and mechanism of importance of culture and life through the concept of respective distance and closed distance. We found that the structure of closed culture and closed life makes the distance of culture and life dangerous, which is operated as the factor of making dangerous culture and life. This fact shows that respectiveness operates in the process of converting respective distance to closed distance. Also, It was confirmed that the problem of solving dangerous distance can be established in the condition that mutual distance of culture and life can have the possibility of accomplishment. But We found the fact that the distance which is regarded as the true mutual distance having the consistence of the open condition-accomplishment in culture and life is actually operated by making the dangerous path and mechanism. In this point, We suggested the concept of 'The Multi-tier Dangerousness,' not 'The Single-tier Dangerousness.' We also found the importance of dangerousness of perception with a view to resolving dangerousness operating in culture and life. The fact that 'dangerousness of perception' produced 'dangerousness of phenomenon' was identified. Further more, We suggested that intrinsic perception is needed so as to healthy culture and life. And Open perception was emphasized to go to mutual distance beyond respective distance.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.461-468
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• 2021

The Chinese classic 'The Great Learning' presents a guideline in which direction we should go for the character education and the realization of a just society. It conveys the message, 'Everyone must remain at the level of goodness for our community based on training our own mind and body.' Goodness is a generic concept that means universal truth in the right direction. This study aims to present the direction of communication education for how everyone should stay in goodness. Communication education about goodness could be conducted as follows. Based on the theory of interpersonal communication and persuasive communication, first the abstract concept of goodness is understood, brainstorming and schema activity for the good are performed for true communication, and then the teaching and learning method combining debate, flipped learning, and writing could be utilized. It is difficult to provide communication education with the message of goodness with students who have grown up on the basis of comparatively cramming education. However, through communication using discussion, a paradigm shift in education will take place, and it will not only help form human relationships, but also recognize the importance of the meaning of the community in the society in which we live, and ultimately it will help foster character.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2021

The Korean curriculum and admission system have evolved through numerous changes. Currently, the nation's college entrance rate stands at nearly 70 percent, and it is the highest among OECD members. Amid this environment, the importance of school life records is increasing among students who are interested in going to college and who have the highest percentage in the nation's education system. Happiness is not the order of grades, but I can find my future and happiness at the same time through active school life. Through the analysis system of school life records, you can find interests and career paths suitable for yourself, and analyze and supplement factors suitable for the university and department you want to go to, so that you can take a step further in successful advancement. Each item in the school records is divided into three categories to analyze the necessary and unnecessary words. By visualizing and numericalizing the analyzed data, an analysis system is established that can be supplemented in school life. An analysis system through data mining can be utilized by concisely summarizing sentences of different elements and extracting words by applying the multi-topic minutes summary system using word frequency and similarity analysis as an existing prior study.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.671-685
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to critically examine the relationship between 'academic disciplines', 'subject', 'subject content', and 'subject matter education' as an attempt to explore the meaning and identity of subject matter education. In this study, first, we looked at the origin of the 'separative' perspective, focusing on science education, and the effects of this perspective on the relationship between 'academic discipline', 'subject', 'subject content', and 'subject matter education'. In addition, the relationship between them was examined from 'essential-holistic' perspective. As a result of the study, it was found that the 'separative' perspective has limitations in grasping the organic and overall relationship between 'academic discipline', 'subject', 'subject content', and 'subject matter education'. Therefore, we need to overcome the existing 'separative' perspective in order to go beyond the current horizon. On the other hand, the 'essential-holistic' perspective shows a close relationship that is not essentially separated between 'academic discipline', 'subject', 'subject content', and 'subject matter education'. It is expected as a perspective that can help solve the teacher education problem caused by the 'separative' perspective.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing in the infection control performance of coronavirus infection disease-19 in registered nurse. Data were collected using descriptive structured questionnaires to examine the factors of influencing in the infection control performance. General characteristics, knowledge of infection control, anxiety, fatigue, and coronavirus infection-19 (COVID-19) respiratory infection management performance were identified from structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed using the IBM SPSS 21.0 program. Anxiety and respiratory infection management performance was a negative correlation. Multiple regression analysis indicated anxiety was predicted component of performance of coronavirus infection-19 respiratory infection management. The results indicate a need to decrease degree of anxiety by developing educational programs to improve nurses' ability to manage coronavirus infection-19 respiratory infections. In addition, it is necessary to consider applying a role-play or simulation education method so that registered nurse can take care of patients with emerging infectious diseases in advance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2021

It is not easy to go on business. Many businesses are fails for many reasons. The purpose of this research was to study ongoing business intention of entrepreneurs that were related to the business burdens such as economic loss, psychological stress, bankruptcy and other failure stresses. To study this search, wide surveys were conducted targeting entrepreneurs of small and medium size companies. About 300 research papers were distributed and 260 papers were collected and 247 questionaries were used for final analysis. And SPSS 24.0 programs were used. The results of this study were as follows. First, the entrepreneurial intention was closely related to the debt burdens. If the burdens of debt were high, ongoing entrepreneur intention went down. Second, the recognition of bankruptcy systems gave positive impacts for the entrepreneurs of small and medium size companies. Third, among the psychological costs, the intention of business stop gave negative impacts to ongoing business intention. There are many obstacles and difficulties in real business world. Especially in Korea failure costs are considered to individual costs and responsibilities. However, countries such as U.S., E.U. and Israel, the costs of failures considered to social costs. According to this study, burdens related to business failure were closely related to entrepreneur intentions. Therefore, the implications of this study are diverse solutions to easy business burdens are necessary.