• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.43-44
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• 2011

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

The objectives of this study were to investigate the psychoacoustic properties of PTFE(Poly tetra Fluoroethylene) laminated vapor permeable water repellent fabrics which are frequently used for sportswear, to examine the relationship among fabrics' basic characteristics, mechanical properties and the psychoacoustic properties, and finally to propose the predicting model to minimize the psychoacoustic fabric sound. A total of 8 specimens' frictional sound were recorded and Zwicker's psychoacoustic parameters such as loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z) were calculated using the Sound Quality Program. Mechanical properties of specimens were measured by KES-FB system. Loudness(Z) of specimen D-1 was the highest, which means the rustling sound of the specimen D-1 was the most noisy. Statistically significant difference among film type was observed only in loudness(Z) for fabric sound. Based on ANOVA and post-hoc test, specimens were classified into less loud PTFE film group (groupI) and loud PTFE film group (groupII). Loudness(Z) was higher when staple yarn was used compared when filament yarn was used. According to the correlation between the mechanical properties of fabrics and loudness(Z) in groupI, the shear properties, compression properties and weight showed positive correlation with loudness(Z). According to the regression equation predicting loudness(Z) of groupI, the layer variable was chosen. In groupII, variables explaining the loudness(Z) were yarn types and shear hysteresis(2HG5).

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.620-629
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• 2013

This study examines the rustling sound characteristics of electrospun nanofiber web laminates according to layer structures. This study assesses mechanical properties and frictional sounds (such as SPL); in addition, Zwicker's psychoacoustic parameters (such as Loudness (Z), Sharpness (Z), Roughness (Z), and Fluctuation strength (Z)) were calculated using the Sound Quality Program (ver.3.2, B&K, Denmark). The result determined how to control these characteristics and minimize rustling sounds. A total of 3 specimens' frictional sound (generated at 0.63 m/s) was recorded using a Simulator for Frictional Sound of Fabrics (Korea Patent No. 10-2008-0105524) and SPLs were analyzed with a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). The mechanical properties of fabrics were measured with a KES-FB system. The SPL value of the sound spectrum showed 6.84~58.47dB at 0~17,500Hz. The SPL value was 61.2dB for the 2-layer PU nanofiber web laminates layered on densely woven PET(C1) and was the highest at 65.1dB for the 3-layer PU nanofiber web laminates (C3). Based on SPSS 18.0, it was shown that there is a correlation between mechanical properties and psychoacoustic characteristics. Tensile properties (LT), weight (T), and bending properties (2HB) showed a high correlation with psychoacoustic characteristics. Tensile linearity (LT) with Loudness (Z) showed a negative correlation coefficient; however, weight (T) with Sharpness (Z) and Roughness (Z), and bending hysteresis (2HB) with Roughness (Z) indicated positive correlation coefficients, respectively.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.486-491
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• 2012

This study examined the sound characteristics of Taekwondo uniform fabrics to investigate the relationship between the sound parameters and the mechanical properties of the fabric as well as to provide the conditions to maximize the frictional sound of the uniform. Frictional sounds of 6 fabrics for Taekwondo uniforms were generated by the Simulator for Frictional Sound of Fabrics. The frictional speeds were controlled at low(0.62 m/s), at mid(1.21 m/s) and at high(2.25 m/s) speed, respectively. The frictional sounds were recorded using a Data Recorder and Sound Quality System subsequently, the physical sound properties such as SPL(Sound Pressure Level) and Zwicker's psychoacoustic parameters were calculated. Mechanical properties of specimens were measured by KES-FB. The SPL, Loudness(Z) values increased while Sharpness(Z) value decreased. In the physical sound parameter, specimen E had the highest SPL value at low speed and specimen B at high speed. In case of Zwicker's psychoacoustic parameters, the commercially available Taekwondo uniform fabrics(E, F) showed higher values of Loudness(Z), Sharpness(Z), and Roughness(Z), that indicates they can produce louder, shaper and rougher sounds than other fabrics for Taekwondo uniforms. The decisive factors that affected frictional sounds for Taekwondo uniforms were W(weight) as well as EM(elongation at maximum load) at low speed and WC(compressional energy) at high speed.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.1120-1125
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• 2010

In the speech system, for example hearing aid as well as speech communication, speech quality is degraded by environmental noise. In this study, to enhance the speech quality which is degraded by environmental speech, we proposed an algorithm to reduce the noise and reinforce the speech. The minima controlled recursive averaging (MCRA) algorithm is used to estimate the noise spectrum and spectral weighting factor is used to reduce the noise. And partial masking effect which is one of the human hearing properties is introduced to reinforce the speech. Then we compared the waveform, spectrogram, Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) and segmental Signal to Noise Ratio (segSNR) between original speech, noisy speech, noise reduced speech and enhanced speech by proposed method. As a result, enhanced speech by proposed method is reinforced in high frequency which is degraded by noise, and PESQ, segSNR is enhanced. It means that the speech quality is enhanced.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to offer acoustical database of warp knitted fabrics by investigating frictional sound properties and physiological responses according to structural parameters such as construction, lap form, and direction of mutual guide bar movement. Fabric sounds of seven warp knitted fabrics are recorded, and Zwicker's psychoacoustic param­eters - loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z) - are calculated. Also, physiological responses evoked by frictional sounds of warp knitted fabrics are measured such as electroencephalogram (EEG), the ratio of high fre­quency to low frequency (HF/LF), respiration rate (RESP), skin conductance level (SCL), and photoplethysmograph (PPG). In case of constructions, frictional sound of sharkskin having higher loudness(Z) and fluctuation strength(Z) increases RESP. By lap form, open lap has louder and larger fluctuating sound than closed lap, but there aren't significant difference of physi­ological responses between open lap and closed lap. In direction of mutual guide bar movement, parallel direction evokes bigger changes of beta wave than counter direction because of its loud, rough, and fluctuating sound. Fluctuation strength(Z) and roughness(Z) are defined as important factors for predicting physiological responses in construction and mutual guide bar movement, respectively.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2005

In this study, cross-cultural comparison of sound sensation for Korean traditional silk fabrics between Korea and America was performed and prediction models for sound sensation by objective measurements including sound parameters such as level pressure of total sound (LPT), Zwicker's psychoacoustic characteristics, and mechanical properties by Kawabata Evaluation System were established for each nation to explore the objective parameters explaining sound sensation of the Korean traditional silk. As results, Koreans felt the silk fabric sounds soft and smooth while Americans were revealed as perceiving them hard and rough. Both Koreans and Americans were pleasant with sounds of Gongdan and Newttong and especially Newttong was preferred more by Americans in terms of sound sensation. In prediction models, some of subjective sensation were found as being related mainly with mechanical properties of traditional silk fabrics such as surface and compressional characteristics.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.450-456
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to investigate physiological and psychological responses to the rustling sound of Korean traditional silk fabrics and to figure out objective measurements such as sound parameters and mechanical properties determining the human responses. Five different traditional silk fabrics were selected by cluster analysis and their sound characteristics were observed in terms of FFT spectra and some calculated sound parameters including level pressure of total sound (LPT), Zwicker's psychoacoustic parameters - loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z), and sound color factors such as ${\Delta}L\;and\;{\Delta}f$. As physiological signals, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) from the power spectrum of heart rate variability, pulse volume (PV), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance level (SCL) evoked by the fabric sounds were measured from thirty participants. Also, seven aspects of psychological state including softness, loudness, sharpness, roughness, clearness, highness, and pleasantness were evaluated when each sound was presented. The traditional silk fabric sounds were likely to be felt as soft and pleasant rather than clear and high, which seemed to evoke less change of both LF/HF and SCL indicating a negative sensation than other fabrics previously reported. As fluctuation strength(Z) were higher and bending rigidity (B) values lower, the fabrics tended to be perceived as sounding softer, which resulted in increase of PV changes. The higher LPT was concerned with higher rating for subjective loudness so that HR was more increased. Also, compression linearity (LC) affected subjective pleasantness positively, which caused less changes of HR. Therefore, we concluded that such objective measurements as LPT, fluctuation strength(Z), bending rigidity (B), and compression linearity (LC) were significant factors affecting physiological and psychological responses to the sounds of Korean traditional silk fabrics.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 2013

The performances of speech compression schemes appeared to be dependent on the response profiles to compressed stimuli and the features of individual languages to some extent. Although these response profiles were critical in comparing various compression outcomes, the related data were limited in number for Korean monosyllabic words. From the previous study, data from PNT (Preserving No Trait) compression was selected as a base set for comparison. In this study, the outcomes from PPT (Preserving Pitch Trait) and PTT (Preserving Time Trait) were analyzed under the same condition. Then, the properties of these three widely used representative compression schemes were quantitatively compared in normal hearing adults (N=20) for controlled Korean quintet digit sets (0 through 9). Results showed that PPT compression scheme exhibited the best perceptual performances for the Korean quintet digit sets in the final outcomes (PPT>PTT>PNT). The compression ratios of 50% performances were estimated as about 20%, 42%, and 44% for PPT, PTT, and PNT, respectively. The data indicated the influences of the salient psychoacoustic features of the three representative compressions on perceiving Korean monosyllabic digit words. This controlled procedure with monosyllabic quintet sets can evaluate efficiency and effectiveness of other compression schemes and may also contribute to diagnosing auditory processing disorders and fitting special hearing aids with compression issues.