• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.363-375
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• 2024

Waterbody change detection using satellite images has recently been carried out in various regions in South Korea, utilizing multiple types of sensors. This study utilizes optical satellite images from Landsat and Sentinel-2 based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) to analyze long-term surface water area changes in four monitored small and medium-sized water supply dams and agricultural reservoirs in South Korea. The analysis covers 19 years for the water supply dams and 27 years for the agricultural reservoirs. By employing image analysis methods such as normalized difference water index, Canny Edge Detection, and Otsu'sthresholding for waterbody detection, the study reliably extracted water surface areas, allowing for clear annual changes in waterbodies to be observed. When comparing the time series data of surface water areas derived from satellite images to actual measured water levels, a high correlation coefficient above 0.8 was found for the water supply dams. However, the agricultural reservoirs showed a lower correlation, between 0.5 and 0.7, attributed to the characteristics of agricultural reservoir management and the inadequacy of comparative data rather than the satellite image analysis itself. The analysis also revealed several inconsistencies in the results for smaller reservoirs, indicating the need for further studies on these reservoirs. The changes in surface water area, calculated using GEE, provide valuable spatial information on waterbody changes across the entire watershed, which cannot be identified solely by measuring water levels. This highlights the usefulness of efficiently processing extensive long-term satellite imagery data. Based on these findings, it is expected that future research could apply this method to a larger number of dam reservoirs with varying sizes,shapes, and monitoring statuses, potentially yielding additional insights into different reservoir groups.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.78
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• pp.57-85
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• 2024

Purpose of the study: In order to utilize artificial intelligence-generated AI in educational ministry, this study analyzes the concept of artificial intelligence and generative AI and the educational theological aspects of educational ministry to find ways to efficiently utilize artificial intelligence ChatGPT in educational ministry. Contents and methods of the study: The contents of this study are. First, the contents of this study were analyzed by dividing the concepts of artificial intelligence and generative AI into the concept of artificial intelligence, types of artificial intelligence, and generative language model AI ChatGPT. Second, the educational theological analysis of educational ministry was divided into the concept of educational ministry, the goals of educational ministry, the content of educational ministry, and the direction of educational ministry in the era of artificial intelligence. Third, the plan to use artificial intelligence ChatGPT in educational ministry is to provide tools for writing sermon manuscripts, preparation tools for worship and prayer, and church education, focusing on the five functions of the early church community. It was analyzed by dividing it into tools for teaching, tools for teaching materials for believers, and tools for serving and volunteering. Conclusion and Recommendation: The conclusion of this study is that, first, when writing sermon manuscripts through artificial intelligence ChatGPT, high-quality sermon manuscripts can be written through the preacher's spirituality, faith, and insight. Second, through artificial intelligence ChatGPT, you can efficiently design and plan worship services and prepare services that serve the congregation objectively through various scenarios. Third, by using artificial intelligence ChatGPT in church education, it can be used while maintaining a complementary relationship with teachers through collaboration with human and artificial intelligence teachers. Fourth, through artificial intelligence ChatGPT, we provide a program that allows members of the church community to share spiritual fellowship, a plan to meet the needs of church members and strengthen interdependence, and an attitude of actively welcoming new people and respecting diversity. It provides useful materials that can play an important role in giving, loving, serving, and growing together in the love of Christ. Lastly, through artificial intelligence ChatGPT, we are seeking ways to provide various information about volunteer activities, learning support for children and youth in the community, mentoring-related programs, and playing a leading role in forming a village community in the local community.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.125-134
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine which scan range would provide the most accurate bite registration when performing a bite scan after scanning an upper and lower arch using an intraoral scanner. Materials and Methods: The occlusal contact points were recorded using articulating paper for 30 adults, and the results of various ranges of buccal bite scan were compared based on this. Buccal bite scan of 5 ranges (1st premolar to 2nd premolar, 1st premolar to 1st molar, 1st premolar to 2nd molar, 2nd premolar to 1st molar, and canines to another side canine of the maxillary teeth) was performed, and then the buccal bite scan file was used in a CAD program to confirm the occlusal area in the scan file through data editing and alignment, leaving the buccal area of the teeth. Afterwards, the degree of agreement between the occlusal contact points obtained from the articulating paper and the occlusal area obtained from the scan file was compared, and statistical analysis was performed using the homoscedastic T-test (α = 0.05). Results: The alignment success and alignment failure rates among each group were 77.23% and 40.85% in canine to another side canine, 68.23% and 28.89% in bilateral first premolar to second premolar, 63.76% and 29.97% in bilateral first premolar to first molar, 61.31% and 32.04% in bilateral first premolar to second molar, 67.55% and 27.46% in second premolar to first molar. The results of the anterior scan of both canines showed higher alignment success and failure rates compared to the scan results of all maxillary posterior teeth. In the alignment success rate, statistical significance was not found depending on the scan range of the posterior teeth, but in comparing the results of the posterior teeth and both canines, statistical significance was observed except for the scan results of the second premolar to the first molar. There was no statistical significance in the alignment failure rate depending on the scan range of the posterior teeth, and statistical significance was observed in the results of the posterior teeth and both canines. Conclusion: When taking a buccal bite scan, in the case of scanning the anterior teeth, more occlusal area appear than when scanning the posterior teeth, and in the case of scanning the posterior teeth, there is no significant difference in the bite registration depending on the scan range.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2024

The Korean government's SME policy has shifted from the traditional focus of protecting SMEs against large business groups to foster innovative SMEs by upgrading their innovation base. From the government's policy perspective, innovative SMEs are defined as SMEs that can secure technological competitiveness or have the potential for future growth through technological innovation activities. Based on the resource-based theory and resource dependence theory, this study aims to explain whether both R&D capabilities of innovative SMEs and the acquisition of venture certification have a significant impact on enhancing global technological competitiveness. According to the resource-based theory, differences in a firm's tangible and intangible resources and R&D capabilities determine its innovation activities and performance. On the other hand, the resource dependence theory argues that government certification programs to support SMEs positively affect SMEs' innovation activities and performance by increasing their access to the external resources needed for innovation. Going a step further, this study examines the moderating effect of the product life cycle. As a moderating variable, the product life cycle is expected to have an opposite effect on the internal and external resource utilization. The results based on the SME Technology Statistics(2020) support the direct effect of both R&D capability and venture certification on global technological competitiveness and the differential moderating effect of product life cycle. The finding that the technological competitiveness effect of internal resource utilization is greater for longer product life cycles, while the technological competitiveness effect of external resource utilization is greater for shorter product life cycles suggests that product life cycle should be considered as an important contextual variable when studying the relationship between R&D, technological innovation, and performance. These results also suggest that in a global competitive environment where product life cycles are dramatically shortening, innovative SMEs that suffer the dual liabilities of newness and smallness should focus not only on strengthening internal R&D capabilities but also on strategically securing external resources.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.293-308
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• 2024

Background: Assessing the change in mental health status of quarantined patients in community treatment centers at the time of admission and discharge, and inferring the influencing factors. Methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 1,941 quarantined patients from three community treatment centers. Changes in anxiety, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress, depression, and self-harm ideation between admission and discharge were categorized as either "improved" or "worsened." Inference was performed to determine the probability of worsening in mental health status. Results: The mental health status of quarantined patients, such as anxiety and depression, was relatively higher than that of the general population. Anxiety (84.3% improved) and psychological distress (79.0% improved) were reduced during quarantine treatment. However, some patients continued to experience moderate to severe levels of anxiety (11.2%) and psychological distress (11.0%) at discharge. As for depression, the depression of moderate or higher level was increased at the time of discharge (28.7%→36.7%) compared to admission. The deterioration of anxiety and psychological distress was found to be the most significant factor influencing the worsening of depression at discharge (odds ratio [OR] for anxiety deterioration, 2.04; OR for psychological distress deterioration, 3.56). These effects were also observed similarly in post-traumatic stress and self-injury ideation. Conclusion: Improving anxiety and psychological distress among quarantined patients in community treatment centers can reduce the worsening of post-traumatic stress, depression, and self-injury ideation at the time of discharge. These findings provide evidence for the need for active mental health management from the initial stages of quarantine treatment.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.261-270
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• 2024

Background: Various researchers are calculating the health adjusted life expectancy (HALE) at the regional level in South Korea using several methods, most studies merely enumerate the differences in healthy life expectancy based on social characteristics. This study aims to analyze the association between various sociodemographic factors and HALE at the regional level. Methods: To calculate HALE, we utilized the various data sources, including National Health Insurance claims data, and applied the Sullivan's method. We conducted multiple linear regression with regional socioeconomic variables from Korean Statistical Information Service. For the multiple linear regression analysis, we designed three regression models. Model 1 comprised solely socioeconomic variables, model 2 involved both socioeconomic variables and individual health behaviors, and model 3 integrated model 2 with healthcare utilization. Results: The analysis shows that an increase in financial independence (p<0.05), population density (p<0.1), and the number of doctors (p<0.05) associated with an increase in HALE, whereas an increase in the number of beds (p<0.01) was associated with a decrease in HALE. In case of the obesity rate, in model 2 (p<0.1) and model 3 (p<0.05), there was a negative association between HALE and obesity rate. Conclusion: Amidst various variables, it was observed that increased financial independence in specific regions had association with an increase in HALE, highlighting the need for stronger local governance in South Korea. Additionally, the inverse association between hospital beds and HALE suggests several implications, such as the appropriate deployment of healthcare resources. To gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between hospital beds and HALE, further analysis distinguishing different types of hospital beds across healthcare institutions seems necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.523-529
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of differences in grid focal distance used in general radiography on the exposure index and image quality, and to provide useful information for the application of grids in clinical radiography. With AEC applied and SID set to 110 cm, 30 images were obtained for each focus distance of the grid at 110 cm, 140 cm, and 180 cm under the same exposure conditions. The dose was measured using the DAP and ESD, while image quality was evaluated using the SNR and CNR. The exposure index (EI) was determined based on the values shown in the image. EI was derived from the values indicated in the images. The mean DAP values at focus distances of 180, 140, and 110 cm were 10.944±0.613, 10.687±0.516, and 9.74±0.588 cGy·cm², respectively. The ESD values were 1041.75±57.92, 1019.99±49.61, and 930.86±55.77 μGy, while the EI values were 205.97±11.77, 210.59±10.37, and 193.8±11.86. The SNR values were 28.48±0.62, 28.41±0.64, and 27.13±0.72 dB, and the CNR values were 0.09859±0.004276, 0.09864±0.004378, and 0.09026±0.004783 dB. The differences in the mean values were statistically significant (p < 0.01). The values were significantly higher at focal distances of 140 cm and 180 cm compared to 110 cm, but there was no significant difference between the focal distances of 140 cm and 180 cm. The correlation analysis results revealed significant negative correlations between FD and DAP (r = -0.642, p < 0.01), ESD (r = -0.629, p < 0.01), EI (r = -0.376, p < 0.01), SNR (r = -0.615, p < 0.01), and CNR (r = -0.575, p < 0.01) for all variables. The results of this study showed a moderate negative correlation between the focus distance of the grid and the SNR, CNR, DAP, and ESD, and a weak negative correlation with the EI. Therefore, radiological technologists should be aware that even when the same exposure conditions are applied using an AEC system, variations in focus distance of the grid can affect the exposure index, dose, and image quality. Careful consideration is needed when setting the target exposure index.

• Journal of Sinology and China Studies
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• v.81
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• pp.227-256
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• 2019

Hong Kong's protests, which began in June 2019 with Anti-Extradition Bill Protests, have already lasted for months, and the demonstrations have a significant impact on China and Hong Kong as a whole. The protests began in opposition to the Hong Kong government's revision of the extradition bill, but in substance, it has a strong nature as a test of China's "One Country Two Systems" policy. Since the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative District on July 1, 1997, the primary legal norm between China and Hong Kong is the Basic Law of Hong Kong. However, conflicts of legal standards have occurred frequently due to the difference between socialism and the capitalist legal system, and there has been a continuous controversy over the interpretation of the Basic Law of Hong Kong. Moreover, the core of the legal conflict between China and Hong Kong has always been China's "One Country Two Systems" policy. This paper examined the issues related to the "Right of Legal Interpretation" of Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the characteristics and interpretation rights of the Basic Law of Hong Kong, the direct election system of the administrative minister, the implementation of the universal suffrage, and the legislative issues of the application of Article 23 of the Hong Kong Basic Law. Furthermore, this paper also investigated the laws and systems newly introduced by China to solve these legal conflicts. The integration of the legal system of the divided state is a complicated process beyond the combination of the legal system by integrating the multiple legal systems that have separated for a long time under heterogeneous political, economic, and social networks. Moreover, the adjustment and integration of various legal systems under the premise of a single Constitution is the starting point for the actual inclusion of various fields after the unification as well as unification process and provides a basis for achieving full integration. Therefore, the unification of the divided countries should be the first step in a long journey toward becoming a practical one, not a goal itself. It is crucial to reduce trial and error and cost, and achieve stable unification in our unification process in Korea, by learning lessons from the contradictions and conflicts that appear in the "One Country Two Systems" unification between China and Hong Kong.

• 한국프랑스학논집
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• v.108
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• pp.69-113
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• 2019

S'il est évident que la publication de la Deffence marquait le triomphe du français sur le latin dans le domaine littéraire, elle annonçait également une nouvelle idée sur l'imagination à laquelle Du Bellay préfère le mot d'invention(inventio). Aux yeux de Du Bellay, l'art n'est que la part la plus superficielle du travail poétique. L'essentiel de la poésie, sa "sève" ou son "énergie" réside dans son contenu intellectuel. Pour inventer, c'est-à-dire trouver cet energeia des choses, si l'on reprend le terme d'Aristote, et ce qui constitue l'objet de l'imitation et de la représentation, le poète doit faire opérer l'imagination naturelle par laquelle peut se découvrir ce qui est caché dans la nature ou ce que la Nature a caché dans les choses imitées. Cette invention ou cette imagination naturelle exige au poète de se munir non seulement de la finesse et de la sagacité intellectuelles mais de l'art naturel qui se différencie de l'art porté sur "la nue écorce", parce qu'il peut transposer le naturel des choses en langue poétique et fictive. Cela peut témoigner aussi de l'inspiration authentique du poète. Cette idée sur le dynamisme créatif de l'imagination naturelle permet au poète de saisir la force vitale immanente aux choses qu'il imite. Du Bellay refuse ainsi de considérer les forces productrices du texte comme objectives, extérieures au poète. Considérée jusqu'ici comme comme une manifestation de la Pléiade pour la langue française, la Deffence nous propose une des idées primordiales sur l'imagination qui découvre "la vive Energie" qui caractérise le naturel. Cette notion d'imagination naturelle contibue à assurer l'individualité et la créativité aux poètes, puisqu'ils auront la liberté de saisir le naturel invisible en se donnant la propre manière.

• 유학연구
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• v.46
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• pp.53-78
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• 2019

Our leaders and our nation exerted lots of efforts and sacrifices to make rapid change and development of our country in modern times. However, recently their negative images were gradually exposed to us, making our nation have their aspiration for well-conditioned leaders, along with their own responsibilities. For this study, who are good leaders and what are needed for them were deeply thought of. Although there was no clear solution, this study made a premise that the leaders should be nourished to have benevolence, knowledge, bravery and deed, realizing political activities to give our nation satisfactory results. For this, the leaders, for themselves, should make philosophical thoughts for becoming good leaders and for executing their thoughts. However, they are confronted with many problems to do so in real world. Therefore, it is necessary to consistently give them an country-level education for philosophy of leadership for them to form their own philosophical thoughts and to realize their thoughts in our actual lives. One type of method for that can be accomplished through contents of 《Seonghakjipyo》, written by Yulgok Yi yi (李珥, 1536~1584), for the hope of saint king. In this book, he described in details the sayings of the saints and his own thoughts on what should be learnt and practiced for doing self-discipline and ruling the country, adding that it was useful and common to all as well as the leaders. It can be said that this book is very usefulto educate philosophy of leadership for modern leaders, for it is containing the contents both for individuals to learn and practice for restoration of their human nature and for leaders to directly utilize in real political world. This argument may be originated from the fact that the wisdom and the deed needed for good leaders are, in general, all the same, although the system of the great organization like country has been changed. Based on the sections of Self-discipline and Politics in the above book, this study argued the general education for philosophy of leadership. It is focused on definition of education for philosophy of leadership, its meaning in 《Seonghakjipyo》, the reason for using the above book for it, and the suggestion of concrete methods to solve insufficiency of education programs at present for leaders and to execute education for philosophy of leadership that can be practicable in real world. This study showed that the above book could be used for education for philosophy of leadership, arguing that such education could be useful for independently solving many problems both the leaders and our nation might be confronted with in our lives.