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Induction of Signal Transduction Pathway Genes in Dendritic Cells by Lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli

  • Jin, Ho-Kyeong;Lee, Young-Hwa;Jeong, So-Yeon;Na, Hee-Sam;Park, Hae-Ryoun;Chung, Jin
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 2010
  • Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg LPS) is the major pathogenic component of periodontal disease. In this study, we have attempted to determine the expression profiles of the signal transduction pathway genes induced by Pg LPS in comparison with Escherichia (E.) coli LPS (Ec LPS). DC2.4 cells were treated for two hours with $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ of Pg LPS or $0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of Ec LPS. The total RNA from these cells was then isolated and reverse-transcribed. Gene expression profiles were then analyzed with a signal transduction pathway finder GEArray Q series kit and significant changes in expression were confirmed by real-time PCR. The microarray results indicated that several genes, including Tnfrsf10b, Vcam1, Scyb9, Trim25, Klk6, and Stra6 were upregulated in the DC2.4 cells in response to Pg LPS treatment, but were downregulated or unaffected by Ec LPS. Realtime PCR revealed that the expression of Trim25, Scyb9 and Tnfrsf10b was increased over the untreated control. Notably, Trim25 and Tnfrsf10b were more strongly induced by Pg LPS than by Ec LPS. These results provide greater insight into the signal transduction pathways that are altered by P. gingivalis LPS.

Acute Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Environmental-friendly Organic Agro-materials Containing Pepper Extract, Cassia Oil, Lavender Oil for Control of Diamondbackmoth (배추좀나방 방제약제로서 후추 추출물, 카시아 오일, 라벤더 오일 함유 친환경유기농자재에 대한 급성 생태독성평가)

  • You, Are-Sun;Jeong, Mihye;Hong, Soon-Seong;Chang, Hee-Seop;Lee, Je Bong;Park, Kyung-Hun;Lee, Young Mook;Ihm, Yangbin
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.343-349
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    • 2013
  • Environment-friendly agro-materials tend to be preferred to chemical insecticides recently. For this reason, many studies are conducted to develop environment-friendly insecticides containing natural materials. The purpose of this study was to assess ecotoxicity for pepper extract and cassia oil (11.5+46%, A), pepper extract and cassia oil (23+34%, B), and pepper extract and lavender oil (40+10%, C). They are expected to prevent from pests especially diamondback moth, and can be used for agro-materials. Their formulation was emusifiable concentration (EC). Target species used to assess acute toxicity were aquatic invertebrate (Daphina magna), fish (Cyprinus carpio), honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The $EC_{50}$ value of A, B, and C to aquatic invertebrate were 0.46, 1.9, 0.25 mg $L^{-1}$ respectively and these values were moderately toxic according to standard of USEPA. In case of acute toxicity test to fish, the $LC_{50}$ of A, B, and C were 1.9, 2.9, 3.8 mg $L^{-1}$ respectively. A was category II in acute toxicity of fish and not acceptable to evaluation criteria of environment-friendly agro-materials. B and C were category III and acceptable. Acute contact and oral toxicity test to honeybee were conducted and the $LD_{50}$ of A, B, and C were > 100 ${\mu}g$ a.i. $bee^{-1}$ in both of tests. It indicated they were low toxic to honeybee. In case of acute toxicity test to earthworm, $LC_{50}$ of A, B, and C were 695, 988, and 564 mg $kg^{-1}$. In conclusion, pepper extract+cassia oil 57% EC and pepper extract+lavender oil 50% EC were expected to be used for environment-friendly insecticide materials with low risk against ecosystem and contribute to developing environment-friendly agro-materials.

A Study on the Eco-Toxicity of Silicone-Based Antifoaming Agents Discharging into Marine Environments (해양으로 배출되는 실리콘계 소포제의 생태독성 연구)

  • Kim, Tae Won;Kim, Young Ryun;Park, MiOk;Jeon, MiHae;Son, Min Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 2019
  • In order to understand the effects of the main components of antifoaming agents on the marine benthic ecosystem when silicone-based antifoaming agents are discharged into marine environments, eco-toxicity testing was performed on silicone and alcohol-based antifoaming agent by using benthic amphipod (Monocorophium acherusicum) and luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri). The toxic effects of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a main component of silicone-based antifoaming agents on aquatic organisms were also researched. In the results of the eco-toxicity test, luminescent bacteria showed a maximum of 9 times more toxic effects than benthic amphipod for alcohol-based antifoaming agents, and silicone-based antifoaming agents showed a maximum of 400 times more toxic effects than alcohol-based. The $LC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ values of PDMS ranged from 10 to $44,500{\mu}g/L$ in phytoplankton, invertebrate, and fish. In the results of applying PBT (P: persistency, B: bioaccumulation, T: toxicity) characteristics as an index showing the qualitative characteristics of PDMS, persistency (P) and bioaccumulation (B) were confirmed. Thus, when PDMS is discharged to marine environments, it could accumulate in the upper trophic level through bioaccumulation and the food chain, which could have negative effects on benthic organisms. The results of this study may be used for objective and scientific risk assessment, considering the major components of antifoaming agents when investigating the effects of various discharged antifoaming agents in marine ecosystem.

Comparative Analysis and Evaluation of Dietary Intakes of Koreans by Age Groups: (1) Nutrient Intakes (서울 및 근교에 거주하는 한국인의 연령별 식생활 비교 및 평가: (1) 영양소 섭취 비교)

  • 백희영;심재은;문현경;김영옥
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.554-567
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    • 2001
  • It is necessary to compare the dietary characteristics among different age groups because different nutritional problems require different dietary applications. This study was performed to identify the nutritional characteristics of Korean diet among different age groups. The study subjects consisted of preschool children(PC), elementary school children(EC), high school students(HS), college students(CS), and adults over 30 years old living in Seoul and the surrounding areas. The subjects over 30 years old were classified to 30-49 years, 50-69 years, and over 70 years. A dietary survey was conducted using 24-hour recall method and data were collected from 2392 subjects. Energy intake was as much as 1771kcal for PC, 2139kcal for EC, 2475kcal for HS, 2276kcal for CS, 1860kcal for 30-49 years, 1715kcal for 50-69 years, 1326kcal for over 70 years. The subjects of PC, EC, HS, and CS groups got about 25% of energy from fat, but the subjects in 30-49 years, 16%, those in 50-69 years, 15%, and those over 70 years, 13%. The energy consumption from protein was about 15% in each age group. Percent of energy intake as Korean RDA was greater than 100% for PC, EC, HS, and male CS groups. The percent intake for RDA of calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B$_2$was low in most age group. Iron intake was inadequate in female of PC and CS groups, and subjects in 30-49 years and over 70 years. Mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was 0.9 in PC, and decreased with increase of age. Therefore MAR did not reach to 0.7 among subjects over 70 years. Index of nutritional quality(INQ) for calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B was below 1 in most age groups. From these results, major nutritional problems of each age group were overall inadequate intakes of calcium and iron, excess consumption of protein and fat for PC, EC, HS, and CS groups, and inadequate nutrients intake of subjects over 70 years old. According to these results, each age group seems to need specific nutritional intervention. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 554~567, 2001)

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Effects of Light Intensity and Electrical Conductivity Level on Photosynthesis, Growth and Functional Material Contents of Lactuca indica L. 'Sunhyang' in Hydroponics (수경재배에서 광도와 양액 농도가 베이비 산채 왕고들빼기 '선향' 광합성과 생육 및 기능성 물질 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Jae Kyung;Jang, Dong Cheol;Kang, Ho Min;Nam, Ki Jung;Lee, Mun Haeng;Na, Jong Kuk;Choi, Ki Young
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2021
  • This study was conducted to examine the changes of photosynthesis, growth, chlorophyll contents and functional material contents in light intensity and EC concentration of wild baby leaf vegetable, Indian lettuce (Lactuca indica L. cv. 'Sunhyang') in DFT hydroponics. The cultivation environment was 25±1℃ of temperature and 60±5% of relative humidity in growth system. At 14 days after sowing, combination effect of light intensity (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD 100, 250, 500 µmol·m-2·s-1) and EC level (EC 0.8, 1.4, 2.0 dS·m-1) of nutrient solution was determined at the baby leaf stage. The photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of Indian lettuce increased as the light intensity increased. The photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency were highest in PPFD 500-EC 1.4 and PPFD 500-EC 2.0 treatment. The chlorophyll content decreased as the light intensity increased, but chlorophyll a/b ratio increased. Leaf water content and specific leaf area decreased as light intensity increased and a negative correlation (p < 0.001) was recognized. Plant height was the longest in PPFD 100-EC 0.8 and leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight were the highest in PPFD 500-EC 2.0. Anthocyanin and total phenolic compounds were the highest in PPFD 500-EC 1.4 and 2.0 treatment, and antioxidant scavenging ability (DPPH) was high in PPFD 250 and 500 treatments. Considering the growth and functional material contents, the proper light intensity and EC level for hydroponic cultivation of Indian lettuce is PPFD 500-EC 2.0, and PPFD 100 and 250, which are low light conditions, EC 0.8 is suitable for growth.

Properties of $Sr_{0.8}Bi_{2.3}{(Ta_{1-x}Nb_{x})}_{2}O_{9+{\alpha}}$ Thin Films

  • Park, Sang-Jun;Jang, Gun-Eik
    • Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.22-25
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    • 2000
  • Polycrystalline SBTN layered ferroelectric thin film with various Nb mole ratios were prepared by sol-gel method Pt/ $SiO_2$/Si (100) substrates. The films were annealed at different temperature and characterized in terms of phase and microstructure. The films were crystallized with a high (105) diffraction intensity and had rodike structure, SBTN films fired at 800$^{circ}C$ revealed standard hysteresis loops with no fatigue for up to 10$^{10}$ cycles. At an applied voltage of 5V the dielectric constant($varepsilon$) , dissipation factor (tan $delta$), remanent polarization(ZPr) and coercive field(Ec) of typical S $r_{0.8}$B $i_{2.3}$(T $a_{1-x}$ N $b_{x}$) $O_{9+}$$alpha$/ thin film(x=0.1) prepared on Pt/ $SiO_2$/Si (100) were about 277.7, 0.042, 3.74$mu$C/$textrm{cm}^2$, and 24.8kv/cm respectively.ly.y. respectively.ly.y.y..

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Parthenogenetic Activation and Development of Freshly Matured Bovine IVM Oocytes (체외성숙 직후 소 난포란의 단위발생과 체외발육능)

  • 정희태;임석기;오세훈;박춘근;양부근;김정익
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 1997
  • This study was conducted to investigate the activation condition of freshly matured bovine IVM oocytes for use as a cytoplasmic recipient in nuclear transfer. Bovine oocytes matured in vitro for 22-24 h were treated with various activation conditions. In Experiment 1 in vitro matured oocytes were treated with electric stimuIus (ES; 2 pulses of 1.25 kV/cm for 70 ${\mu}{\textrm{s}}$ec, each pulse 1 sec apart), ethanol (ET; 7%, 5min) , Ca$^2+$-ionophore(A23187; 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 5min) and cycloheximide(CH; 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 6 h). Activation rates were similar in treatments with ES, ET and A23187(48.8~54.3%), however, significantly reduced with CH treatment(15.9%, P

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The Isolation of Bacillus sphaericus 366M-9 Producing New Cephalosporin-C Deacetylase (CAH) and its Enzymatic Characterization (신규 Cephalosporin-C Deacetylase(CAH) 생산 균주인 Bacillus sphaericus 366M-9의 선발 및 그 효소학적 특성)

  • 이승훈;권태종;이동희
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.224-229
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    • 2004
  • Several microorganisms (esterase-producing group) were isolated by the solid selective media containing-naphtylacetate. Among them, strain 366M-9 having a high activity of cephalosporin-C deacetylase (CAH; EC 3.1.1.41) was selected. The strain 366M-9 was identified as Bacillus sphaericus on the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The production of CAH reached at maximum value after 32 hrs, when cultivated in the optimal medium containing dextrin 2.5%, peptone 2.5%, sodium chloride 0.5%, dipotassium phosphate 0.25%, ferrous sulfate 0.02%, and 7-ACA 0.1% at $30^{\circ}C$ with initial pH 6.0. The CAH was purified by 3 steps with ammonium sulfate precipitation, adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite column, and Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography. The final enzyme preparation was homogeneous as judged by the analysis of SDS-PAGE and HPLC. Optimum temperature and pH for CAH activity were $50{\circ}C$ and around 7.0, respectively. And the enzyme was stable at pH 6.0~8.0, up to $50^{\circ}C$. The Michaelis-Menten constants ($K_{m}$ ), $V_{max}$ were 0.87 mM and 1.22 unit/ml, respectively.

Purification and Characterization of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Channa argus (가물치(Channa argus) 젖산탈수소효소 동위효소들의 정제 및 특성)

  • Park, Eun-Mi;Yum, Jung-Joo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.260-268
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    • 2010
  • The lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) isozymes in tissues from Channa argus were purified and characterized by biochemical, immunochemical and kinetic methods. The activity of LDH in skeletal muscle was the highest at 380.4 units and those in heart, eye and brain tissues were 13.4, 3,5 and 5.4 units, respectively. Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7, CS) activity in heart tissue was the highest at 20.7 units. LDH/CS in skeletal muscle, heart, eye and brain tissues were 172.9, 0.6, 0.32 and 0.47. Protein concentration in skeletal muscle tissue was 14.7 mg/g and specific activities of LDH in skeletal muscle, heart, eye and brain tissues were 25.88, 0.79, 0.31 and 1.38 units/mg, respectively. Therefore, skeletal muscle tissue was anaerobic and heart tissue was aerobic. The LDH isozymes in tissues were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation and Western blot with antiserum against $A_4$, $B_4$, and eye-specific $C_4$. LDH $A_4$, $A_3B$, $A_2B_2$. $AB_3$ and $B_4$ isozymes were detected in every tissue, $C_4$, $AC_3$, $A_2C_2$ and $A_3C$ were detected in eye tissue, and $A_3C$ was found in brain tissue. LDH $A_4$, $A_3B$, $A_2B_2$, $AB_3$, $B_4$, eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes were purified by affinity chromatography and Preparative PAGE Cells. The LDH $A_4$ isozyme was purified in the fraction from elution with $NAD^+$ containing buffer of affinity chromatography. Eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme was eluted right after $A_4$, after which $B_4$ isozyme was eluted with plain buffer. As a result, one part of molecular structures in $A_4$, $B_4$ and eye-specific $C_4$ were similar, but were different from each other in $B_4$ and $C_4$. Therefore the subunit A may be conservative in evolution, and the evolution of subunit B seems to be faster than that of subunit A. The activity of LDH $A_4$, $A_2B_2$, $B_4$, and eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes remained at 39.98, 21.28, 19.67 and 16.87% as a result of the inhibition by 10 mM of pyruvate, so the degree of inhibition was very high. The $Km^{PYR}$ values were 0.17, 0.27 and 0.133 mM in $A_4$, $B_4$ and eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes, respectively. The optimum pH of LDH $A_4$, $B_4$, eye-specific $C_4$, $A_2B_2$, $A_3B$, and $AB_3$ were pH 6.5, pH 8.5, pH 5.5, pH 6.0-6.5, pH 5.0 and pH 7.5. The $A_4$ and heterotetramer isozymes stabilized a broad range of pH. Especially, LDH activities in skeletal muscle tissue were high, resulting in a high degree of muscle activity.LDH metabolism in eye tissue seems to be converted faster from pyruvate to lactate by eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme as eye-specific $C_4$ have the highest affinity for pyruvate, and right after the conversion, oxidation of lactate was induced by $A_4$ isozyme. It was found that expression of Ldh-C, affinity to substrate and reaction time of $C_4$ isozyme were different according to the ecological environmental and feeding capturing patterns.

Developmental characteristics of Hemiptarsenus sp.(Hymenoptera : Eulophidae), a parasitoid of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) and effect of the insectcides (아메리카잎굴파리 기생봉, Hemiptarsenus sp.의 발육특성 및 살충제의 영향)

  • Moon, Hyung-Chol;Choi, Jeong-Sik;Hwang, Chang-Yeon
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.72-76
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    • 2000
  • The study was conducted to investigate the developmental periods and effect of several insecticides on Hemiptarsenus sp., ectoparasitoid of Liriomyza trifolii. The mean length and width of egg were 0.5mm and 0.1mm. The mean length of larva, pupae, abult female, and abult male were 1.9mm, 2.0mm, 2.2mm, and 1.8mm, respectively. Developmental periods of Hemiptarsenus sp. from egg to larva at 15, 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$ were 16.9, 8.8, 5.9, and 4.5 days, and those of pupa were 20.7, 9.7, 5.6, and 3.4 days, respectively. Based on these results, developmental threshold temperatures and effective temperatures were $9.5^{\circ}C$, 91.5 degree-days in egg-larval stage, $10.9^{\circ}C$, 142.3 degree-days in pupal stage. When several insecticides were evaluated to Hemiptarsenus sp. at the recommended concentrations, B.t WP, diflubenzuron WP, and cyromazin were negligiblly effective all life stages. Fipronil SC, cartap SP, spinosad GW were less toxic to larva and pupa, but highly toxic to adults. Abamectin EC was less toxic to all life stages, but inhibited oviposition of 50% more to Hemiptarsenus sp. female.

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