• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.3 s.150
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• pp.263-269
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• 2007

Nelumbo nucifera (Nymphaeaceae) has been widely used in a traditional oriental medicine to treat bleeding, fever, diarrhea, hemorrhoid, sunstroke, dysentery and dizziness. The leaves of this plant were refluxed with methanol, and then fractionated with organic solvents to screen the antioxidant activity using DPPH radical. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed good DPPH radical scavenging effects and were carried out column chromatographies to isolate nine compounds. Their chemical structures were characterized as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), uracil (2), luteolin (3), quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (4), $rhamnetin 3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (5), $isorhamnetin 3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (6), $quercetin 3-O-{\beta}-D-glucuropyranoside$ (7), $quercetin 3-O-{\beta}β-D-xylofuranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ (8), and adenine (9) by comparison NMR spectral data and with those in references. Compounds 1, 2, 5 and 9 were firstly isolated from this plant. Compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed potent DPPH radical scavenging activity. Especially, compound 3, luteolin showed the higher effect than ascorbic acid used as a positive control.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2005

Ethyl acetate-soluble neutral fraction of hot water extracts from the aerial parts of Angelica keiskei showed a 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. Six antioxidative compounds were purified and isolated by various chromatographic procedures. Based on the analyses of FAB-MS and NMR, the isolated compounds were structurally elucidated as luteolin 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (1), quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside (2), quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-D-arabinopyranoside (4), kaempferol 3-O-${\alpha}$-D-arabinopyranoside (5), and luteolin 7-O-rutinoside (6). The glycosides of flavonols and luteolin showed DPPH radical-scavenging activity. One molecule of 2, 3, 4, 6, 1, and 5 scavenged 4.2, 4.2, 4.1, 2.5, 2.2, and 1.4 molecules of DPPH radical, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.178-183
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• 1996

Seven phenolic compounds were isolated from the leaves of Spiraea salicifolia. Their structures were characterized as cinnamic acid, ${\rho}-hydroxy$ cinnamic acid, ${\rho}-methoxy$ cinnamic acid, $1-O-coumaroyl-{\beta}-D-glucopyranose$, $1-O-caffeoyl-{\beta}-D-glucopyranose$, hyperoside and quercetin $3-O-(6'-O-{\alpha}-L-arbinopyranosyl)-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ by chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.529-533
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• 2005

In the course of searching for hepatoprotective agents from natural products, six compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of the leaves of Juglans sinensis, as guid ed by their DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The structures were determined as juglanoside B (1), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranoside (avicularin, 2), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside (guaijaverin,3), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranoside (quercitrin,4), (+)-catechin (5) and quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$- D-galactopyranoside (hyperin,6). Compounds 2-6 showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging effects. An evaluation for the hepatoprotective activity of the isolated compounds on drug-induced cytotoxicity was conducted, and compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed protective effects against nitrofurantoin-induced cytotoxicity, and compound 5 also exhibited a moderate protective effect on amiodarone-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.294-299
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• 1999

From the water fraction of the MeOH extract, three compounds, 1,3,4,5-terrahydroxycyclo-hexanecarboxylic acid 3-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamate) (chlorogenic acid), $quercetin 3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside(hyperoside)$, and 1 (R)-hydroxy-3,4-seco-lup-4(23), 20(30)-dien-3,$11{\alpha}-olactone-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyrnaosy(1{\rightarrow}4)-{\beta}-D-glucopyanosy(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-L-glucopyrnaosyl$ ester (chiisanoside) were isolated and their strutures determinated by $^1H-NMR,{\;}^{13}C-NMR$, IR, and FAB-Mass. Chlorogenic acid and Chiisanoside had been quantitated by HPLC from eight Acanthopanax species per 10 g A. koreanum 19.82, 4.17 mg, A. nambunensis 65.00, 1.86mg, A. chiisanense 27.19, 8.17mg, A. sessiliflorum 7.49, 5.88 mg.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 2006

Phytochemical examination of the fruits of Actinidia arguta has led to the isolation three organic acids, one coumarin, and three flavonoids. Structures of these compounds were elucidated as protocatechuic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), $caffeoyl-\beta-D-glucopyranoside$ (3), esculetin (4), quercetin (5), quercetin $3-O-\beta-D-galactopyranoside$ (6), and quercetin $3-O-\alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl$ $(1\rightarrow6)-O-\beta-D-glucopyranoside$ (7) by comparisons with previously reported spectral data. To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of these compounds, nitric oxide production inhibitory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and DPPH radical scavenging activities were examined. Nitric oxide productions were reduced significantly by the addition of compounds $[1(IC_{50}=59.27{\mu}g/ml),\;2(IC_{50}=27.95{\mu}g/ml),\;3(IC_{50}=73.09{\mu}g/ml),\;4(IC_{50}=67.44{\mu}g/ml),\;5(IC_{50}=17.40{\mu}g/ml),\;6(IC_{50}=41.99{\mu}g/ml),\;7(IC_{50}=54.46{\mu}g/ml)]$, and extracts $(IC_{50}=56.21{\mu}g/ml)$ compared with positive control, L-NMMA $(IC_{50}=14.48{\mu}g/ml)$. The phenolic compounds also showed anti-oxidative activities. Especially, Compounds $1(IC_{50}=8.87{\mu}g/ml),\;4(IC_{50}=3.41{\mu}g/ml),\;and\;5(IC_{50}=6.06{\mu}g/ml),\;$, showed potent anti-oxidative activities similar to L-ascorbic acid $(IC_{50}=5.89{\mu}g/ml)$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.125-129
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• 2006

The chromatographic separation of n-BuOH extract of the aerial parts of Prunus padus (Rosaceae) led to the isolation of two cerebrosides, and six phenolic compounds. Their structure were identified to be pinelloside (1), soyacebroside I (2), $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ (3), nudiposide (4), (+)-isolarisiresinol $9'-O-{\beta}-D-xylopyroanoside$ (5), khaephuoside A (6) and icariside F2(7) by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The compounds $1,5{\sim}7$ are first isolated from the genus Prunus.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.3 s.142
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• pp.245-251
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• 2005

Phytochemical examination of the barks of Actinidia arguta led to the isolation of five flavonoids. Structures of compounds were elucidated as catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), quercetin (3), $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (4), $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ (5) by comparison with previously reported spectral evidences. To investigate the anti-oxidative effect and nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity of these compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity in $IFN-{\gamma}$, LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cell were examined. The $IC_{50}s$ were determinied as follows : $1\;$IC_{50}=26.61\;{\mu}g/ml$, $2\;IC_{50}=25.30\;{\mu}g/ml$, $3\;IC_{50}=20.41\;{\mu}g/ml$, $4\;IC_{50}=18.23\;{\mu}g/ml$ , $5\;IC_{50}=30.46\;{\mu}g/ml$, $6\;IC_{50}=28.0;{\mu}g/ml$, $7\;IC_{50}=27.24\;{\mu}/ml$. These NO production inhibitory effects were significantly different compared with the positive control, L-NMMA $(IC_{50}=20.77\;{\mu}g/ml)$, respectively. Compound $1\;(IC_{50}=6.19\;{\mu}g/ml)$, $2\;(IC_{50}=8.98\;{\mu}g/ml)$, $3\;(IC_{50}=7.30\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and $4\;(IC_{50}=7.64\;{\mu}g/ml)$ also showed potent antioxidative activities similar level to ascorbic acid $(IC_{50}=9.22\;{\mu}g/ml)$. These results suggest that barks of A. arguta have a potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.466-471
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• 1994

The antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of thirty plants was tested using the methol of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-pi-cryl hydrazyl (DPPH) reactivity. Four methanol extracts from Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum , Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Capsocum annuum were found to be the most effective on DPPH radical scavenging activity. The next effective ones were Perilla frutescens , Sedium sarmentosum , Raphnus sativas, aArctium lappa, Beta vulgaris. Brassica oleracea var. Acephala, bBrassica juncea inorder, and the others did not show a considerable activity. The methanol extract obtained from the seed coats of Zanthoxylum schinifolium was fractinated with several sovlents. The interphase materials exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity and was further purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chormatography. Two active principles were isolated and identified as quercetin -3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamonopyranoiside(quercitrin) and quercetin 3-O-$\alpha$-D-galactopyranoside (hyperoside) by ultraviolet(UV), proton nuclear magetic resonance (1H-NMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR). Its antioxidative activity was a little higher that that of L-ascorbic acid.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2018

Parkinson's disease (PD), one of common neurodegenerative diseases, is caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD is associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hyperoside (quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside) was reported to have protective properties against oxidative stress by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of hyperoside against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ($MPP^+$)-induced cell model of PD and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Hyperoside significantly decreased $MPP^+$-induced cell death, accompanied by a reduction in poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Furthermore, it attenuated $MPP^+$-induced intracellular ROS and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), with the reduction of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, hyperoside significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt, but it has no effects on $GSK3{\beta}$ and MAPKs. Pharmacological inhibitor of PI3K/Akt abolished the cytoprotective effects of hyperoside against $MPP^+$. Taken together, these results demonstrate that hyperoside significantly attenuates $MPP^+$-induced neurotoxicity through PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings suggest that hyperoside might be one of the potential candidates for the treatment of PD.