• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.471-484
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• 2009

본 연구는 덕유산국립공원 남덕유지역 낙엽활엽수림의 식생구조를 분석하기 위하여 2007년 5월부터 2008년 9월까지 식물사회학적 방법과 구배분석을 실시하여 임분의 구조와 특성을 비교하였다. 남덕유지역의 낙엽활엽수림을 분석한 결과, 신갈나무군락(전형하위군락, 철쭉꽃하위군락, 그늘사초하위군락), 졸참나무군락(전형하위군락, 굴참나무하위군락, 서어나문하위군락), 서어나무군락, 들메나무군락 및 층층나무군락으로 구분되었으며 군락간에는 종조성, 계층구조 및 식피율 등 생태적 특징에 많은 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 전체 군락에서 나타난 중요치는 신갈나무가 가장 높고(67.8) 다음으로 들메나무(44.8), 졸참나무(24.5), 당단풍(17.0), 층층나무(15.9), 쇠물푸레(11.5), 철쭉꽃(11.0), 까치박달(11.0), 쪽동백나무(10.9), 함박꽃나무(10.4), 서어나무(9.8) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 흉고직경급을 분석한 결과 신갈나무는 정규분포형의 밀도를 나타내고 있어 당분간은 이들 수종의 우점 상태가 계속될 것으로 보이며, 들메나무는 계곡부에 한정적으로 출현하며 어린 개체의 밀도가 높아 지형적인 극상림으로 발달될 것으로 판단된다. 졸참나무는 어린 개체와 중간 개체의 밀도가 높아 앞으로 계속 높은 우점도를 나타낼 것으로 사료된다. 남덕유지역의 낙엽활엽수림 식생을 식물사회학적 방법에 의하여 분류된 5개 군락과 11개의 환경 요인으로 DCCA ordination 분석한 결과 신갈나무 군락은 해발고가 높고 양이온치환용량과 전질소(C.E.C, T-N)가 많은 지역에 분포하였다. 들메나무군락은 해발고가 높고 수분과 치환성양이온(Ca, Mg, K)이 많은 곳에 분포하였으며, 졸참나무군락과 서언나무군락은 해발고가 낮고 양이온치환용량과 전질소가 적은 지역에 분포하였다. 층층나무군락은 타 군락과 비교해 볼 때 중간지역에 분포하였다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제17권1_2_3호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2005

In this paper we observe the structure of the roots of q-Bernoulli polynomials, ${\beta}_n(w,h{\mid}q)$, using numerical investigation. By numerical experiments, we demonstrate a remarkably regular structure of the real roots of ${\beta}_n(w,h{\mid}q)$ for $-{\frac{1}{5}},-{\frac{1}{2}}$. Finally, we give a table for numbers of real and complex zeros of ${\beta}_n(w,h{\mid}q)$.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2005

A Hilbert Space operator T is of class Q if $T^2{\ast}T^2-2T{\ast}T + I$ is nonnegative. Every paranormal operator is of class Q, but class-Q operators are not necessarily normaloid. It is shown that if a class-Q contraction T has no nontrivial invariant subspace, then it is a proper contraction. Moreover, the nonnegative operator Q = $T^2{\ast}T^2-2T{\ast}T + I$ also is a proper contraction.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.745-764
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• 2016

The object of the present paper is to obtain new estimates about the (p, q)-th lower order and (p, q)-th weak type of entire functions under some interesting conditions.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2006

1. Objectives and Methods The original insect of $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ is described as the larvae of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates (Scarabaeidae) in oriental medicine literatures. Traditionally $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ inhabit on rotting wood, compost, and organic debris of soil or thatched roofs. They have the very important distinguishing mark that wriggle along on their back through rotting wood, compost etc. and they never do inflict the living crops. but, Holotrichia diomphalia Bates as the $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ is not right because of many questions, such as Holotrichia are the harmful insects eat into farm products, and those don't match well with korean farmers' moods if their cultivated lands are turned over for collecting $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ larvae, and especially they don't go on using their back. 2. Results and Conclusions Accordingly, in the conclusion of this subject it is reported that the original insect of $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ is the larvae of Korean Cetoniidae(Coleoptera; Scarabaeoidea) insects including Genus Protaetia Burmeister(Protaetia orientalis submarmorea Burmeister, P.brevitarsis seulensis Kolbe, etc.) and the larvae of Korean Cetoniinae insects. Also, those were the original larvae of $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ that were applied to not only 'DongEuiBoGam' but also 'Dongyi Suse Bowon prescriptions'. Those feed on rotting wood, compost, and organic debris of soil or thatched roofs.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.179-196
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• 2018

In this paper we extend the two q-additions with powers in the umbrae, define a q-multinomial-coefficient, which implies a vector version of the q-binomial theorem, and an arbitrary complex power of a JHC power series is shown to be equivalent to a special case of the first q-Lauricella function. We then present several q-analogues of hypergeometric integral formulas from the two books by Exton and the paper by Choi and Rathie. We also find multiple q-analogues of hypergeometric integral formulas from the recent paper by Kim. Finally, we prove several multiple q-hypergeometric integral formulas emanating from a paper by Koschmieder, which are special cases of more general formulas by Exton.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.198-208
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• 2011

연약 점성지반 위에 상대적으로 낮은 하중의 구조물이 얹어질 때, 상부에 모래층을 두어 지지력을 증진시킬 수 있다. 이와같은 점토 위 모래층이 놓이는 조건에 대한 지지력 검증은 현장에서 평판재하시험 등을 통해 지지력 검증이 어렵기 때문에 설계단계에서부터 정확한 지지력 예측이 필요하다. 따라서, 본 연구는 점토 위 모래층이 놓이는 지반의 지지력 거동을 파악하기 위해 2차원 실내토조실험과 FEM 해석을 수행하였다. 주요 인자로 깊이비 H/B와 지지력비 $q_c/q_s$를 선정하여, 모래층 높이, 점토의 비배수전단강도 그리고 재하 폭을 변수로 하였다. 그 결과, 실내토조실험은 FEM 해석과 적합성이 상당히 높게 나타났다. 이론식과의 비교에 있어서 보다 최신 연구인 Okamura et al.(1998)의 메커니즘보다 관입전단 메커니즘과 그 유사성이 크게 나타났으며, 하중확산 메커니즘의 적용성을 위하여 등가하중확산각을 제시하였다. 또한, $q_c/q_s$에 대하여 무차원 단위의 한계깊이비 $H_f$의 선형 회귀식을 제안하였다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.172-176
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• 2011

In the Gen-2 Q-algorithm, the values of weight C, which is the parameter for incrementing or decrementing the slot-count size, are not optimized in the standard. However, the standard suggests that the reader uses small values of C when the slot-count is large and larger values of C when the slot-count is small. In this case, if the reader selects an inappropriate weight, there are a lot of empty or collided slots. As a result, the performance will be declined because the frame size does not converge to the optimal point quickly during the query round. In this paper, we propose a scheme to select the weight based on the slot-count size of current query round. Through various computer simulations, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme achieves more stable performances than Gen-2 Q-algorithm.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2015

Kato[6] and Torres[9] characterized the Weierstrass semigroup of ramification points on h-hyperelliptic curves. Also they showed the converse results that if the Weierstrass semigroup of a point P on a curve C satisfies certain numerical condition then C can be a double cover of some curve and P is a ramification point of that double covering map. In this paper we expand their results on the Weierstrass semigroup of a ramification point of a double covering map to the Weierstrass semigroup of a pair (P, Q). We characterized the Weierstrass semigroup of a pair (P, Q) which lie on the same fiber of a double covering map to a curve with relatively small genus. Also we proved the converse: if the Weierstrass semigroup of a pair (P, Q) satisfies certain numerical condition then C can be a double cover of some curve and P, Q map to the same point under that double covering map.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1994

Correlative changes between photosynthetic O2 exchange rates and room temperature Chl fluorescence were investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chloroplasts treated with high temperature for 5 min. With increasing treatment temperature, photosynthetic O2 evolution rate mediated by PSII was decreased, showing 50% inhibition at 38$^{\circ}C$ (I50). But PSI activity measured by O2 uptake rates was stimulated as a function of increasing temperature. Dark level fluorescence (Fo)-temperature (T) analysis showed that fluorescence rising temperature (Tr), critical temperature (Tc), and peak temperature (Tp) was 38, 43, and 52$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Quenching analysis of Chl fluorescence showed that both the oxidized fraction of plastoquinone (qQ) and degree of thylakoid membrane energization (qNP) increased up to 4$0^{\circ}C$ and then declined dramatically. These results suggest that Tr is correlated with temperature showing a 50% of inhibition of photosynthesis and under mild high temperature stress, qNP is worth regarding as indicator for heat-induced damage of photosynthesis.