• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 1997

Chemical properties of soil(N, P, K, Ca, Na, Mg, CEC, and pH) were studied after annual additions of $NH_4NO_3$(336kg/ha N), treble superphosphate(112kg/ha P), and KCl(224kg/ha K) fertilizers in a willow(Salix spp.) bioenergy plantation. Soil samples were collected from November through December 1992 from previously established the fertilized and non-fertilized willow plantation at Tully, New York, U.S.A. in 1987. Total fertilizer additions from 1987 through 1991 were 1,680kg/ha N and 560kg/ha P and 1.120kg/ha K. Fertilization with N, P, and K resulted in no difference in total soil N content between the fertilized and non-fertilized plots, increased soil P and K, decreased base cations ($Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$) and soil pH, and increased soil pH with soil depth. Strong positive correlations of soil carbon to soil N, Ca, Mg, and CEC were noted. Soil C/N ratio in the study plots ranged from 9.6 to 11.2 for all treatment combinations. Significant differences in soil P, K, Ca, and pH between the fertilized and non-fertilized plots indicate that fertilization had changed chemical properties of soil in this fertilizer trial.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2003

This study was carried out to identify the phylogenetic relationship of Phellinus species and to know its distribution by comparing the DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions(ITS1 and IST2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat unit. The Phellinus species had their specific sequences in IST1 and 2 regions depending on suedes. The comparison of the ITS sequences of standard strains indicated that the sequences of ITS1 were more variable than those of ITS2. Nine strains of the commercial products of Phellinus species used in this study were identified as P. lintues, P. baumii, P. igniarius, and P. pini. Most of commercial species were P. pini and P. baumii, and P. gilvus was not found. Also, P. linteus was only found in form of mycelial culture rather than fruiting body. Moreover, the species-specific primers were designed based on ITS sequence data. Each species-specific primers were bound in P. lintues(ITSF-PL2R), P. baumii(PB1F-ITS4R), P. igniarius(IF1-IR3), P. pini(PF1-PR3), and P. gilvus(GF2-GR4), respectively. These primer sets would be useful fer the detection of specific-species among unidentified Phellinus species rapidly.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 1988

Let $T^{\alpha}_{\lambda}$(p, A, B) denote the class of functions $$f(z)=z^p-{\sum\limits^{\infty}_{k=1}}{\mid}a_{p+k}{\mid}z^{p+k}$$ which are regular and p valent in the unit disc U = {z: |z| <1} and satisfying the condition $\left|{\frac{{e^{ia}}\{{\frac{f^{\prime}(z)}{z^{p-1}}-p}\}}{(A-B){\lambda}p{\cos}{\alpha}-Be^{i{\alpha}}\{\frac{f^{\prime}(z)}{z^{p-1}}-p\}}}\right|$<1, $z{\in}U$, where 0<${\lambda}{\leq}1$, $-\frac{\pi}{2}$<${\alpha}$<$\frac{\pi}{2}$, $-1{\leq}A$<$B{\leq}1$, 0<$B{\leq}1$ and $p{\in}N=\{1,2,3,{\cdots}\}$. In this paper, we obtain sharp results concerning coefficient estimates, distortion theorem and radius of convexity for the class $T^{\alpha}_{\lambda}$(p, A, B). It is further shown that the class $T^{\alpha}_{\lambda}$(p, A, B) is closed under "arithmetic mean" and "convex linear combinations". We also obtain class preserving integral operators of the form $F(z)=\frac{p+c}{z^c}{\int^z_0t^{c-1}}f(t)dt$, c>-p, for the class $T^{\alpha}_{\lambda}$(p, A, B). Conversely when $F(z){\in}T^{\alpha}_{\lambda}$(p, A, B), radius of p valence of f(z) has also determined.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.378-386
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• 2011

The goal of this study is to understand the influence of temperature on phosphorus release rate from soil into water. As the temperature increases, $PO_4$-P reaches equilibrium more quickly and the equilibrium concentration increases, and thus the $PO_4$-P concentration increases, and pH decreases. The $PO_4$-P concentration affects pH. $PO_4$-P released from turbidity is not adsorbed onto the turbidity. $PO_4$-P was independent on the turbidity and yet $PO_4$-P was steadily increasing. However, $PO_4$-P was dependent upon the turbidity concentration as the turbidity releases $PO_4$-P. The total phosphorous (T-P) and turbidity were directly linked because T-P changed with the turbidity. T-P includes the $PO_4$-P content of water and the phosphorus content of the turbidity. As the temperature decreases, density of water increases, and the precipitation of turbidity decreases, resulting in an increases in T-P concentration. As the temperature increases, the T-P concentration decreases, but the PO4-P release rate from turbidity increases. At the same time, even at different temperatures, the T-P concentrations of the samples were about the same. When the lake gets deepened, the water temperature decreases, hence, the phosphorus release rate from soil into water was decreased. This mechanism is of great interest because phosphorus is released from soil sediment into the lake water.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2000

In this paper, a differential polynomial ring $R[x;\delta]$ of ring R with a derivation $\delta$ are investigated as follows: For a reduced ring R, a ring R is Baer(resp. quasi-Baer, p.q.-Baer, p.p.-ring) if and only if the differential polynomial ring $R[x;\delta]$ is Baer(resp. quasi-Baer, p.q.-Baer, p.p.-ring).

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.253-255
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• 2005

P2P 웹 캐싱 기술은 자신의 로컬 캐시에서 원하는 웹 객체를 찾지 못한 경우, 중앙 서버나 프락시 서버로부터 웹 객체를 받기 전에 P2P 네트워크에 참여하는 이웃으로부터 웹 객체를 받음으로써 기존의 서버-클라이언트 방식을 탈피하여 중앙 서버의 고장에 영향을 적게 받고, 중앙 서버로의 과도한 부하를 막아준다. 기존의 많은 P2P 웹 캐싱 시스템은 피어의 로컬 캐시 교체 정책으로 LRU기법을 사용한다. 하지만 이는 P2P 환경을 고려하지 않는 단순한 정책이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 P2P 환경을 고려한 디렉토리 기반의 웹 캐싱 시스템을 통해서 P2P 협력적인 캐시 교체 정책을 제시하고 실제 웹 로그 트레이스로 시뮬레이션을 하여, 제안하는 교체 정책이 효과가 있음을 기술한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.591-601
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• 2012

Unstructured peer-to-peer (p2p) networks usually employ flooding search algorithms to locate resources. However, these algorithms often require a large storage overhead or generate massive network traffic. To address this issue, previous researchers explored the possibility of building efficient p2p networks by clustering peers into communities based on their social relationships, creating social-like p2p networks. This study proposes a social relationship p2p network that uses a measure based on Hebbian theory to create a social relation weight. The contribution of the study is twofold. First, using the social relation weight, the query peer stores and searches for the appropriate response peers in social-like p2p networks. Second, this study designs a novel knowledge index mechanism that dynamically adapts social relationship p2p networks. The results show that the proposed social relationship p2p network improves search performance significantly, compared with existing approaches.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.615-624
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• 2005

The cPCR technique was used to monitor rumen fermentation and attachment of Fibrobacter succinogenes to cellulose at different pH in the in vitro culture medium. The target fragments of 16S rDNA(445 bp) were amplified from genomic DNA of F. succinogenes with specific primers and internal controls(205 bp) were constructed. Cell counts were estimated from the amounts of genomic DNA, which was calculated from cPCR results. F. succinogenes in pH 6.8 and 6.2 showed apparently higher attachment than in pH 5.8 during all incubation time. There were some difference between pH 6.8 and 6.2 in the degree of attachment, but the different was not significant (P>0.05). Cellulose degradation increased in process of incubation time and the increasing rate was higher when initial pH was higher. The pH in culture medium decreased regardless of initial pH in course of incubation time. After 24 h of incubation, medium pH was dropped by 0.24, 0.58 and 0.16 units from original medium pH 6.8, 6.2 and 5.8, respectively. More gas was produced at higher initial pH in the same manner as in cellulose degradation. In summery, Initial pH of rumen culture in vitro significantly influenced cellulose digestion, gas production, pH change and bacterial attachment. Especially, low pH(5.8) resulted in much lower bacterial attachment and fiber digestion compared to higher medium pH.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.237-238
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• 2008

Electrical properties of Pd/Zn/Pd/Au contacts to p-InP were investigated as function of the V/III ratio of p-InP. P-type InP was made by the Zn diffusion into InP and activation process with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) measurement. After activation, the hole concentration was two orders of magnitude higher than that of the sample having only diffusion process. According to transmission line method (TLM) results, the specific contact resistance of p-InP was lower as used InP having the lower V/III ratio. The experimental results represent that the diffusion of Zn in undoped InP deeply related to the equilibrium between interstitials and substitutional Zn is established via indium interstitials.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.427-452
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• 2003

Korean is famous for having all voiceless stop sounds. Korean does have voiced stops but they are considered to exist only as the allophones of word initial /p, t, k/. My experiment shows the English word initial stop sounds [b, d, g] and the Korean lax stop series /p, t, k/ in word initial position are similar in the range of voice onset time. If English word initial[b, d, g] sounds are posited as voiced, then Korean word initial /p, t, k/ should be classified as voiced also. Phonetically English /b, d, g/ phonemes and Korean /p, t, k/ phonemes are very similar except the word initial [p, t, k] are devoiced slightly more, but not significant enough to be classified as voiceless than English word initial [b, d, g]. If we posit /b, d, g/ as Korean phonemes, it explains why Korean /p, t, k/ series has the allophones [b, d, g] instead of fortis stops /p', t', k'/ in Korean even though /p', t', k'/ has less positive VOT value than /p, t, k/. If we posit /b, d, g/ as Korean phonemes, then it does not cause spelling or pronunciation confusion either when Koreans learn English or English speakers learn Korean.