• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.398-407
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• 2004

목적 :천축황(天竺黃)이 골대사에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 생쥐의 골세포를 이용하여 골흡수 억제 효과를 관찰하였다. 방법 :$Interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$는 시험관내에서 osteoblast를 조절하는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 천축황(天竺黃)이 $IL-1{\beta}$ 유발된 $PGE_2$, 생성에 관한 영향을 관찰하였다. 결과 :천축황(天竺黃)는 osteoblast체 독성을 나타내지 않았으며, $PGE_2$ 생성을 억제하였다. 특히, 천축황(天竺黃)을 1시간동안 전처리한 경우 $PGE_2$의 합성을 억제하여 골세포 보호효과가 인정되었으며, 또한 골 흡수인자인 $IL-1{\beta}$에 의해 유발된 alkaline phosphatase의 활성도 억제하였는데, 천축황(天竺黃) 전처리후 16시간째에 훨씬 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 유사하게 천축황(天竺黃)을 1시간 동안 전처리한 경우 osteocalcin의 생성이 증가되었다. 또한, calcitonin이 나타내는 osteoclast및 osteoblast 함유세포에서 골 흡수를 억제하였다. 결론 :천축황(天竺黃)은 osteoclast가 매개된 골흡수를 억제하는 효과가 인정되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.871-883
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• 1994

This experiment was designed to study possible roles of $interleukin-1\beta$, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha$ in bone remodeling by measuring their effects on $PGE_2,\; LTB_4$ and collagenase production when they were administered to human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were collected from first premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment. They were incubated in the environment of $37^{\circ}C,\;5\%\;Co^2,\;and\;100\%$ humidity. They were treated with $0.25\%$ trypsin-EDTA solution and centrifuged. PDL cells in the fifth to seventh passage were used for the experiment. Cells were seeded onto the culture dishes and when they were successfully attached, human recombinant $interleukin-1\beta$, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha$ were administered, alone or in combination. They were incubated for 4, 8 and 24 hours and the levels of $PGE_2,\;LTB_4$ and collagenase released into the culture media were assessed by enzymeimmunoassay and collagenase activity assay. The conclusions are as follows: 1. $IL-1\beta\;and\;TNF-\alpha$ were very active in stimulating the production of $PGE_2$ and collagenase by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, while IL-6 increased $LTB_4$ production. 2. $IL-1\beta$ significantly increased $PGE_2$, but $LTB_4$ Production was not increased. $IL-1\beta$ is thought to act mainly via the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. 3. IL-6 tended to inhibit $IL-1\beta$ in the production of $PGE_2$ and collagense whereas IL-6 and $TNF-\alpha$ showed auditive effect in the level of $PGE_2$. The above cytokines increased the release of at least one of $PGE_2,\;LTB_4$ and collagenase. It suggests that cytokines are involved in bone remodeling process by stimulating PDL fibroblasts to produce various bone-resorptive agents. The roles of cytokines in bone remodeling as a whole would need further study.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2003

Proinflammatory effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been assessed by analysing the induction of two inflammatory genes, $interleukin-1\beta$ $(IL-1\beta)$ and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophage cells. Production of a metabolite of arachidonic acid by COX-2, prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$, was also analysed in macrophage cells after LPS stimulation. Northern blot analysis revealed that LPS $(5{\mu}g/mL)$ significantly upregulated $IL-1\beta$ (54 times) and COX-2 (40.7 times) gene expression in macrophage cells after 4 h stimulation. According to RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis, $IL-1\beta$ gene induction in LPS stimulated macrophage cells was started within 1h and significantly increased thereafter until 4h. Meanwhile, COX-2 gene induction by LPS was delayed in comparison with $IL-1\beta$ gene induction as a faint band was observed after 4h stimulation in head kidney macrophage cells. LPS also significantly increased $PGE_2$ production in head kidney leucocytes, presumably via activating COX-2 expression that metabolites arachidonic acid to $PGE_2$. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that LPS could induce two main inflammatory and immune related genes, $IL-1\beta$ and COX-2, and increase $PGE_2$ production in trout head kidney macrophage cells, representing a strong inflammatory activity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

Cheongpyesagan-tang (CP) is one of the traditional medicinal prescription to treat Taeumin (太陰人)'s disease. It has been commonly used for the treatment of stroke, arthritis, diabetes and obesity. In this study, we investigated an anti-inflammatory potential of CP water extract. We examined the effects of CP on the lipopolysarccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$). We also examined the levels of protein or mRNA of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and proinflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. CP inhibited NO and $PGE_2$ production in a dose dependent manner and decreased the protein and mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2. Also, CP decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$). These results suggest that CP has potential as anti-inflammatory therapeutic medicine.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2020

Yangdan-tang (YD) is recorded as a treatment to treat exterior-related fever illness in the Korean medicine. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of YD, using YD water extract and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. First of all, we measured the amount of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the products of inflammatory metabolism. Also, we measured enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). YD suppressed the production of NO and PGE2 in a dose dependent manner and reduced the amount of protein and the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2. Also, YD reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α and IL-1β. In conclusion, YD decreased production of LPS-induced inflammatory factor, which could be a clinical basic subject for inflammatory diseases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2020

Mahwanghangingamchosukgo-tang (MH) is recorded as a treatment to treat exterior-related respiratory diseases in the Korean medicine. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of MH, using MH water extract and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. First of all, we measured the amount of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the products of inflammatory metabolism. Also, we measured enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). MH suppressed the production of NO and PGE2 in a dose dependent manner and reduced the amount of protein and the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2. Also, MH reduced the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1α and IL-1β. In conclusion, MH decreased production of LPS-induced inflammatory factor, which could be a clinical basic subject for inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2016

HaCaT 세포에서 UVB와 $IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}$에 의한 염증 관련 인자의 활동에 복분자 씨앗 추출물의 항염증 소재로서의 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 복분자 씨앗 추출물은 HaCaT 세포에서 UVB와 $IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}$에 의한 ROS 유도 활성과 interleukin-$1{\beta}$, interleukin-6, interleukin-8의 발현을 억제 하였다. 또한 염증 매개인자인 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)의 발현 또한 억제 시켰으며, COX-2에 의해 증가되어 지는 $PGE_2$의 발현 또한 억제 시키는 것으로 확인 되었다. 마지막으로 복분자 씨앗 추출물의 피부장벽의 주요 인자인 filaggrin의 발현을 측정해 본 결과 농도 의존적으로 손상된 filaggrin의 발현을 증가 시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통하여 복분자 씨앗 추출물이 표피 층의 손상을 회복함으로써 염증을 보호하는 효능이 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 부터 복분자 씨앗 추출물은 UVB로부터 발생되어지는 염증을 개선시킴으로써 항염증에 효능이 있는 추출물임을 확인 수 있었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.5-21
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• 2001

The influence of electroacupuncture (EA), a traditional Chinese medical treatment, on type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was examined in DBA/1J mice in vivo. Mice were immunized intradermally twice at the 3-week interval with bovine type Ⅱ collagen(C Ⅱ). EA stimulation, begun on the 21 simultaneously with the second immunization, was applied at the acupoint equivalent to GV4 three times a week for 3 weeks. The results showed that EA delayed the onset, attenuated the severity of arthritis, and reduced the anti-collagen antibody level. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of EA on the productions of endogenous $interleukin-1{\Beta}$ (IL-1 beta) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the levels of IL-1 beta mRNA in splenocytes and synovial tissues from C Ⅱ immunized mice on the 45 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages of normal mice by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). EA stimulation significant inhibited the concentrations of splenic endogenous IL-1 beta and serum PGE2. The expression of IL-1 beta mRNA in spleen cells was obviously down-regulated and that in synovial tissues was modestly affected by EA. COX-2 mRNA was highly expressed in cultured peritoneal macrophages when stimulated with LPS. Previous treatment with EA also reduced LPS-stimulated induction of COX-2 mRNA. These data suggest that EA has an inhibitory effect on murine CIA, and the partial mechanism of its therapeutic result may be attributed to inhibiting the productions of IL-1 beta and PGE2 by suppression the IL-1 beta and COX-2 gene activations.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2002

유전자 재조합으로 제조한 사람 $interleukin-1{\beta}$ $(rhIL-1{\beta})$는 생쥐의 calvarial 골세포계에서 분리한 골아세포에 여러 가지 조절기능을 갖는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서 $rhIL-1{\beta}$가 농도의존적으로 골세포에 영향을 주는지 해명하기 위하여 배양된 골아세포의 세포증식과 prostaglandin $E_2$합성 그리고 plasminogen activator활성에 대한 영향을 검토한 결과 이들을 촉진하였다. 그러나 비타민D에 따라 반응하는 골아세포의 특징으로 알려진 osteocalcin생합성과 alkaine phosphatase활성의 유도생성은 $rhIL-1{\beta}$에 의해 오히려 길항적이었다. 이러한 결과는 골세포대사의 병리학적인 조절과정에서 $IL-1{\beta}$가 골다공증의 병리학적 역할을 규명하는 새로운 결과이다. $IL-1{\beta}$에 의한 골흡수현상이 생쥐의 calvarial골세포에서 calcitonin처리로 크게 억제되어, 결과적으로 이러한 결과는 $IL-1{\beta}$에 의해 유발되는 골재흡수란 osteoclast에 의한다는 사실을 시사하였다. 한편, 한방에서 골다공증치료와 예방에 사용되는 대영전-자하거추출물의 기능을 해명하기 위하여, $IL-1{\beta}$-유발 $PGE_2$합성만을 특이적으로 저해하였다. 또한, 대영전-자하거 extract을 1시간 동안 여러 가지 농도로 전처리하고 다음으로 $PGE_2$-유도시약을 처리한 결과, $PGE_2$합성을 억제하였으며 동시에 $IL-1{\beta}$에 의해 유도된 plasminogen 의존적인 fibrinolysis을 억제하는 보호효과가 인정되었다. 한편, calcitonin처리가 $IL-1{\beta}$-촉진 골재흡수에 대한 저해활성을 보였으며 이러한 결과들은 calcitonin과 대영전-자하거 extract이 osteoclast매개성 골재흡수의 억제에 핵심적인 역할을 함을 시사하며 한방치료제로서의 근거를 제시하였다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.386-396
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• 1995

Interieukin 1${\beta}$ is a potent bone resorptive cytokine which mediates soft tissue destruction through the stimulatidn of prostaglandin production and the induction of collagenase. This constellation of activities suggests a role of IL-1${\beta}$ in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbal extracts on production and activity of IL-1${\beta}$. When LPS was added to cultured human blood monocytes, the effects of herbal extracts on the production of IL-1${\beta}$ was evaluate by thymocyte stimulation assay. When rHuIL-1${\beta}$ was added to cultured human gingival fibroblasts, the effects of herbal extracts on production of $PGE_2$ was evaluated by ELISA and when it was added to cultured mouse calvaria, the effects on bone resorption was estimated by .$^{45}Ca$-release bone resorption assay. The herbal extracts that had been used in this study were as follows; Asparagi Radix, Schzandrae Fractus, Zizyphi Fractus and Rhois Galla. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. All these extracts effectively inhibited the production of IL-1${\beta}$ on cultured human blood monocytes. 2. All these extracts effectively inibited the production of $PGE_2$ on cultured human gingival fibroblasts. 3. All these extracts did not effectively inhibit the bone resorption induced by rHulL-1${\beta}$ on cultured mouse calvaria.