• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 1993

The cationic distributions and magnetic properties of $Cu_{x}Zn_{1-x}Fe_{2}O_{4}(0{\leq}x{\leq}1)$ have been studied by X-ray diffraction and $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectroscopy. The crystal structures are cubic spinels in the range $0{\leq}x{\leq}0.9$. The ionic distribution of ${(Zn_{1-x}Fe_{x})}_{A}{[Zn_{x}Fe_{2-x}]}_{B}O_{4}$, where x=0.1. The distribution of $Fe^{3+}$ ions was extracted from the $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectra below Curie temperature in the whole range $0{\leq}x{\leq}1$. The number of $Fe^{3+}$ ions in the tetrahedral sites and Curie temperature of Cu-Zn ferrite increase with increasing Cu-concentration.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.625-628
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• 2008

Ba-Zn ferrite powders for electromagnetic insulator were synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) with a reaction of $xBaO_2+(1-x)ZnO+0.5Fe_2O_3+Fe{\rightarrow}Ba_xZn_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$. In this study, phase indentification of SHS products was carried out by using x-ray diffractometry and quasi-nano sized Ba-Zn powders were prepared by a pulverizing process. SHS mechanism was studied by thermodynamical analysis about oxidation reaction among $BaO_2,\;ZnO,\;Fe_2O_3$, and Fe. As oxygen pressure increases from 0.25 MPa to 1.0 MPa, the SHS reactions occur well and make clearly the SHS products. X-ray analysis shows that final SHS products formed with the ratio of $BaO_2/ZnO$ of 0.25, 1.0 and 4.0, are mainly $Ba_xZn_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$. Based on thermodynamical evaluation, the heat of formation increases in the order of $ZnFe_2O_4,\;BaFe_2O_4$, and $Ba_xZn_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$. This supports that $Ba_xZn_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$ phase is predominately formed during SHS reaction. The SHS reactions to form $Ba_xZn_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$ depends on oxygen partial pressure, and the heat of formation during the SHS reaction. The SHS reactions tends to occur well with increasing the oxygen partial pressure and BaO2/ZnO ratio in the reactants This means that the SHS reaction for the formation of Ba-Zn ferrite includes the reduction of BaO2/ZnO and the oxidation of Fe. $Ba_xZn_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$ powders after pulverizing is agglomeratedwith a size of about $50{\mu}m$, in which quasi-nano sized particles with about 300nm are present.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2000

$Zn_{x}Fe_{3-x}O_{4}(0.00.<X<0.08)$ was synthesized by air oxidation method for the decomposition of carbon dioxide. We investigated the characteristics of catalyst, the form of methane by gas chromatograph after decomposition of carbon dioxide and kinetic parameter. $Zn_{x}Fe_{3-x}O_{4}(0.00.<X<0.08)$ was spinel type structure. The surface areas of catalysts($Zn_{x{Fe_{3-x}O_{4}(0.00.<X<0.08)$) were $15{\sim}27$ $m^{2}/g$. The shape of $Zn_{0.003}Fe_{2.997}O_{4}$ was sphere. The optimum temperature for the decomposition of carbon dioxide into carbon was $350^{\circ}C$. $Zn_{0.003}Fe_{2.997}O_{4}$ showed the 85% decomposition rate of carbon dioxide and the degree of reduction by hydrogen(${\delta}$) of $Zn_{0.003}Fe_{2.997}O_{4}$ was 0.32. At $350^{\circ}C$, the reaction rate constant and activation energy of $Zn_{0.003}Fe_{2.997}O_{3.68}$ for the decomposition of carbon dioxide into carbon were 3.10 $psi^{1-{\alpha}}/min$ and 0.98 kcal/mole respectively. After the carbon dioxide was decomposed, the carbon which was absorbed on the catalyst surface was reacted with hydrogen and it became methane.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.962-966
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• 1993

Effect of Fe content on the electrical properties of Zn2Y (Ba2Zn2Fe12O22) was studied by investigating X-ray diffraction patterns, microstructure and resistivity of samples. When x(Ba2Zn2Fe12＋xO$\delta$) is between ＋1 and -1, Zn2Y single phase was obtained and electrical resistivity was inversely proportional to Fe content. The possible defect model of Zn2Y was proposed based on the observation. When x<-1 or x>1, second phase(ZnFe2O4 for x<-1, ZnFe2O4 and Ba3Zn3Fe24O41 for x>1) were observed and the electrical resistivity was inversely proportional to the sample density. The activation energy of electrical conductivity of the stoichiometric Zn2Y was 0.49eV below 20$0^{\circ}C$ and 0.07eV above 50$0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.397-404
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• 1996

The magnetic properties of $Ni_{1-x}Zn_{x}Fe_{2}O_{4}$ have been studied by X-ray diffractometry and $M\"{o}ssbauer$ Spectroscopy at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction study show that spinel structure is formed in all x, lattice constants linearly increased from $8.3111{$\AA$}~8.4184{$\AA$}({\pm}0.0003)$ with increasing x from 0 to 1, and oxygen parameter increase with increasing x. $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectrum shows that $Ni_{1-x}Zn_{x}Fe_{2}O_{4}(x=0)$ has two antiparallel magnetic structure due to $Fe^{3+}$ octahedral site and $Fe^{3+}$ tetrahedral site. $Ni_{1-x}Zn_{x}Fe_{2}O_{4}$ with $0.2{\leq}x{\leq}0.6$ has magnetic structure of Yafet and Kittel, in particularly, specimen with x=0.6 shows relaxation effect. Specimen with $x{\geq}0.8$ show paramagnetic quadrupole splitting. The isomer shift is independent of x, but quadrupole splittings decrease with increasing x in the range of $0.8{\leq}x{\leq}1$, and nuclear magnetic fields decrease with in¬creasing x in the range of $0{\leq}x{\leq}0.6$. The magnetic properties of $Ni_{1-x}Zn_{x}Fe_{2}O_{4}$ change from ferrimagnetics to pararnagnetics with increasing x.

• Carbon letters
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• v.24
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• pp.103-110
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• 2017

Carbon-based magnetic nanostructures in several instances have resulted in improved physicochemical and catalytic properties when compared to multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and magnetic nanoparticles. In this study, magnetic MWCNTs with a structure of $Ni_xZn_xFe_2O_4/MWCNT$ as peroxidase mimics were fabricated by the one-pot hydrothermal method. The structure, composition and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic properties were investigated with a vibrating sample magnetometer. The peroxidase-like catalytic activity of the nanocomposites was investigated by colorimetric and electrochemical tests with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and $H_2O_2$ as the substrates. The results show that the synthesis of the nanocomposites was successfully performed. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structures of the $Ni_xZn_xFe_2O_4/MWCNT$ nanohybrids and MWCNTs. The main peaks of the $Ni_xZn_xFe_2O_4/MWCNT$s crystals were presented. The $Ni_{0.25}Zn_{0.25}Fe_2O_4/MWCNT$ and $Ni_{0.5}Zn_{0.5}Fe_2O_4/MWCNT$ nanocatalysts showed nearly similar physicochemical properties, but the $Ni_{0.5}Zn_{0.5}Fe_2O_4/MWCNT$ nanocatalyst was more appropriate than the $Ni_{0.25}Zn_{0.25}Fe_2O_4/MWCNT$ nanocatalyst in terms of the magnetic properties and catalytic activity. The optimum peroxidase-like activity of the nanocatalysts was obtained at pH 3.0. The $Ni_{0.5}Zn_{0.5}Fe_2O_4/MWCNT$ nanocatalyst exhibited a good peroxidase-like activity. These magnetic nanocatalysts can be suitable candidates for future enzyme-based applications such as the detection of glucose and $H_2O_2$.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2016

Nickel substituted nano-sized ferrite powders, $Co_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$, $Mn_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ and $Mn_{1-2x}Zn_xNi_xFe_2O_4$ ($0.0{\leq}x{\leq}0.2$), were fabricated using a sol-gel method, and their crystallographic and magnetic properties were subsequently compared. The lattice constants decreased as quantity of nickel substitution increased, while the particle size decreased in $Co_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ ferrite but increased for the $Mn_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ and $Mn_{1-2x}Zn_xNi_xFe_2O_4$ ferrites. For the $Co_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ and $Mn_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ ($0.0{\leq}x{\leq}0.2$) ferrite powders, the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectra could be fitted as the superposition of two Zeeman sextets due to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the $Fe^{3+}$ ions. However, the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectrum of $Mn_{0.8}Zn_{0.1}Ni_{0.1}Fe_2O_4$ consisted of two Zeeman sextets and one single quadrupole doublet due to the ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic behavior. The area ratio of the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectra could be used to determine the cation distribution equation, and we also explain the variation in the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ parameters by using this cation distribution equation, the superexchange interaction and the particle size. The saturation magnetization decreased in the $Co_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ and $Mn_{1-2x}Zn_xNi_xFe_2O_4$ ferrites but increased in the $Mn_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ ferrite with nickel substitution. The coercivity decreased in the $Co_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ and $Mn_{1-2x}Zn_xNi_xFe_2O_4$ ferrites but increased in the $Mn_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ ferrite with nickel substitution. These variations could thus be explained by using the site distribution equations, particle sizes and spin magnetic moments of the substituted ions.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.159-164
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• 2010

The Zn, Co and Ni substituted manganese ferrite powders, $Mn_{1-x}$(Zn, Co, Ni)$_xFe_2O_4$, were fabricated by the solgel method, and their crystallographic and magnetic properties were studied. The Zn substituted manganese ferrite, $Zn_{0.2}Mn_{0.8}Fe_2O_4$, had a single spinel structure above $400^{\circ}C$, and the size of the particles of the ferrite powder increased when the annealing temperature was increased. Above $500^{\circ}C$, all the $Mn_{1-x}$(Zn, Co, Ni)$_xFe_2O_4$ ferrite had a single spinel structure and the lattice constants decreased with an increasing substitution of Zn, Co, and Ni in $Mn_{1-x}$(Zn, Co, Ni)$_xFe_2O_4$. The Mossbauer spectra of $Mn_{1-x}Zn_xFe_2O_4$ (0.0$\leq$x$\leq$0.4) could be fitted as the superposition of two Zeeman sextets due to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the $Fe^{3+}$ ions. For x = 0.6 and 0.8 they showed two Zeeman sextets and a single quadrupole doublet, which indicated they were ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic. And for x = 1.0 spectrum showed a doublet due to a paramagnetic phase. For the Co and Ni substituted manganese ferrite powders, all the Mossbauer spectra could be fitted as the superposition of two Zeeman sextets due to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the $Fe^{3+}$ ions. The variation of the Mossbauer parameters are also discussed with substituted Zn, Co and Ni ions. The increment of the saturation magnetization up to x = 0.6 in $Mn_{1-x}Co_xFe_2O_4$ could be qualitatively explained using the site distribution and the spin magnetic moment of substituted ions. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of the $Mn_{1-x}$(Zn, Co, Ni)$_xFe_2O_4$ (x = 0.4) ferrite powders were also compared with pure $MnFe_2O_4$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 1976

The magnetic properties, especially the magnetostriction, of ferroxplana $Zn_{1-x}$$M_X$Y(x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) were investigated at room temperature. In general, the Curie temperature and the permeability of ferroxplana $Zn_{1-X}$$Mn_X$Y increased while the amount of the other phase decrease with increased concentration of dopant $Mn^{2+} for $Zn^{2+}. The magnetostriction constnats K1, K2, K3 and K4 for ZnY were ＋0.3, -5.0, -4.3 and $-4.8{\times}$$10^{-6} while that for 4Zn^0.8$ $Mn^0.2$Y were ＋2.5, -5.4, -6.0 and $-3.4{\times}10^{-6}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 2017

$Mg_xNi_yZn_{1-x-y}Fe_2O_4$ ferrite powders were prepared by self-propagating high temperature synthesis followed by classifying with an ultrasonic wet-magnetic separation unit to get high pure nano-sized particles. The $Mg_xNi_yZn_{1-x-y}Fe_2O_4$ ferrites were well formed by using several powders like iron, nickel oxide, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide at 0.1 MPa of oxygen pressure. The ultrasonic wet-magnetic separation of pre-mechanical milled ferrite powders resulted in producing the powders with average size of 800 nm. The addition of a surfactant during the wet-magnetic separation process improved productivity more than twice. The coercive force, maximum magnetization and residual magnetization of the $Mg_xNi_yZn_{1-x-y}Fe_2O_4$ nano-powders with 800 nm size were 3651 A/m, $53.92Am^2/kg$ and $4.0Am^2/kg$, respectively.