• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 2023

Flow-through aquaculture systems generate large amounts of wastewater containing compounds such as solids that can settle near aquafarms and cause eutrophication. The settled solids are often reintroduced into flow-through systems, and aquatic animals can be affected by the solids and pathogens associated with these solids. For a sustainable aquaculture operation, adequate wastewater treatment is required. Hydrocyclones are one of the most promising technologies for the removal of solids in aquaculture wastewater. In this study, a model for performance prediction of hydrocyclones was investigated under three different operating conditions: water temperature, solids concentration, and water inlet velocity. The synthetic solids solution was prepared using settled solids from abalone aquaculture farms. The daily solids removal rates of the tested hydrocyclones ranged from 0.18 to 26.0 g solids-m^-3-day^-1, and removal efficiency ranged from 5.1 to 34.4%. The inlet water velocity had the greatest effect on solids removal and hydrocyclone efficiencies. The following multiregression model equation was derived from the daily solids removal rate (g solids-m^-3-day^-1) results for water temperature (T, ℃), solids concentration (SS, mg-L^-1), and tangential inlet water velocity (TIV, m-sec^-1): daily solids removal rate: f(z)=4.465+0.809TIV-0.375T+0.217SS (r²=0.976).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.116-116
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• 2023

대규모 댐과 같은 수공구조물의 파괴시 상당한 피해가 발생하므로 구조물설계시 가능최대강수량(PMP) 기준이 적용된다. 포락선 방법은 가장 극심했던 강우량의 포락선을 작성하여 PMP를 산정하는 방법으로 기상 및 강수량자료가 부족시 PMP 추정이 어려운 경우에 사용한다. 포락선의 근사식은 지속시간의 거듭제곱인 멱함수 형태로 나타내며, 우리나라의 경우 1일을 전후로 계수와 차수가 다른 식을 사용한다. 이러한 근사식은 우리나라의 이상홍수 발생빈도 및 규모가 커짐에 따라 검토될 필요성이 있다. 또한, PMP 산정시 활용하는 제한된 수의 지상관측자료는 시공간적 변동성을 완전히 포착할 수 없어 한계가 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위하여 기상레이더 자료를 기반으로 우리나라 전역의 최대 강우깊이-지속시간 관계를 분석 및 새로운 PMP 포락선을 제시한다. 활용한 레이더는 CMAX(Column Maximum)로 2009~2018년간 10분 단위자료를 수집하였다. 레이더 자료와 비교하기 위하여 지상관측자료 AWS를 함께 수집하였다. AWS는 1997~2022년간 1분 단위자료로 우리나라 전역의 547개 지점관측자료를 활용하였다. 레이더자료는 Z-R 관계식으로 변환하여 가외치(outlier)를 제거 및 보정하였다. 그 후, 정규 크리깅기법으로 생성한 지상관측 강우장과 병합하는 CM(Conditional Merging)기법을 적용하였다. 우리나라 최대 강우깊이-지속시간 관계를 산정한 결과, 기존 포락선의 값이 낮게 산정되었음을 확인하였다. 이는 기후변화 등에 따라 최근 극한 호우가 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 실제 근사식은 멱함수 거동에서 벗어난 형태로 나타났고, 지점관측자료가 기상레이더 값보다 과소추정되는 경향을 확인하였다. 특히 같은 기간에서 확인하였을 때, 강우지속시간이 짧을수록 AWS값과 레이더자료의 강수량이 2배 정도 차이를 보여 지점관측소가 없는 지역의 국지성 호우 존재를 확인할 수 있었다. 추후, 미래에 더 긴 레이더 시계열을 사용한다면, 더욱 신뢰성 있는 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단한다.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.558-571
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• 2023

In recent years, young Chinese consumers have become more favorably inclined toward products relating to traditional culture. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a textile design that incorporates traditional Chinese patterns and cultural symbolism that will appeal to consumers from the MZ generation (millennials and Generation Z). Through a literature search for traditional Chinese patterns and symbols regarded as auspicious, our design concept and motives were established. We selected peony, lotus, and frog motifs as representative of a "wealth and eternal prosperity" design theme. In textile design work 1, we used hand drawing and watercolor techniques, color transformation with Adobe Photoshop, and colorway and end-use 3D simulation with TexPro. The 3D simulation work suggests that this textile pattern is suitable for women's outerwear, mufflers, and tote bags. Textile design work 2 conveyed the 'wealth and eternal prosperity' design theme and had a graceful mood that embodied the nobility of the lotus flower whilst also encompassing the symbolism of money and status. The end design is a modern reinterpretation of traditional Chinese patterns and motifs. As such, it is hoped that it will satisfy the needs of young consumers for cultural values yet offer a unique new aesthetic distinct from existing textile designs. These qualities can be expected to enhance the competitive market value of textiles bearing this design.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.216-225
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• 1995

Simulation for a dynamic analysis of the electrolytic preparation of U(IV) in two-phases system, which consisted of mass transfer of U(VI) from TBP phase into HNO$_3$ solution and electrolytic re-duction of U(VI) to U(IV) at a cathode in aqueous phase, was carried out in order to establish the most suitable operating condition and best electrode area as basic design data for the system. It was found that maintaining an appropriate mass transfer rate was more significant rather than enlarging the surface area of the cathode for more effective production yield of U(IV). The electrode area and the operation time affected deeply the production composition of U(IV) in the resulting aqueous phase. And optimal electrode areas ore evaluated to meet production criteria of U(IV) of resulting solution in several system conditions. Though about 0.37M HNO$_3$ was preferable to prepare the solution of U(IV), nitric acid concentration should be higher than 0.5M to prevent a hydrolysis of U(IV) in the aqueous phase.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.54.4-55
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• 2021

The Seoul National University AGN Monitoring Project (SAMP) is a welldesigned long-term AGN reverberation mapping project. SAMP focuses on the luminous AGNs out to z~0.5 with relative long time lags between AGN continuum and broad emission lines and aims to probe the high-end of the AGN broad line region (BLR) size-luminosity (R-L) relation. The pilot observations started in October 2015 for 100 AGNs to confirm the variability and the H and [O III] emission line strengths. Based on the initial variability test, 48 quasars has been continued spectroscopic monitoring since Feb. 2016 with Lick 3m and MDM 2.4m telescopes with a cadence of ~20 days. Supporting photometric monitoring in B and V band was conducted at multiple facilities including the MDM 1.3m, LOAO, and DOAO telescopes with a cadence of ~10 days. By the time of Feb. 2021, we have obtained five years spectroscopic and photometric data. More than 30 AGNs shows significant variability in five-year baseline and 16 of them show well detected lags between B-band and H. Here, we report some examples of SAMP light curves and lag detections using the first five-year data as well as the location of our 16 targets in the AGN BLR R-L relation. These measurements are consistent with the existing R-L relation and located at the high-end. With the coming data, SAMP are hopefully to report more AGNs with well detected lags. Our results demonstrate the general feasibility and potential of long-term reverberation project with medium cadence for luminous AGNs.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.551-568
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• 2023

In this research, a new two-dimensional (2D) and quasi three-dimensional (quasi-3D) higher order shear deformation theory is devised to address the bending problem of functionally graded plates resting on an elastic foundation. The displacement field of the suggested theories takes into account a parabolic transverse shear deformation shape function and satisfies shear stress free boundary conditions on the plate surfaces. It is expressed as a combination of trigonometric and exponential shear shape functions. The Pasternak mathematical model is considered for the elastic foundation. The material properties vary constantly across the FG plate thickness using different distributions as power-law, exponential and Mori-Tanaka model. By using the virtual works principle and Navier's technique, the governing equations of FG plates exposed to sinusoidal and evenly distributed loads are developed. The effects of material composition, geometrical parameters, stretching effect and foundation parameters on deflection, axial displacements and stresses are discussed in detail in this work. The obtained results are compared with those reported in earlier works to show the precision and simplicity of the current formulations. A very good agreement is found between the predicted results and the available solutions of other higher order theories. Future mechanical analyses of three-dimensionally FG plate structures can use the study's findings as benchmarks.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.77.3-77.3
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• 2019

We present an analysis of the stellar population of compact elliptical galaxies (cEs) in various environments. Following conventional selection criteria of cEs, we created a list of cE candidates in the redshift range of z < 0.05 using SDSS DR12 catalog. We finally selected cEs with low-luminosity (Mg > 18.7 mag), small effective radius (Re < 600 pc), and high velocity dispersion (> 60 kms-1). We divide our cE sample into those inside and outside of the one virial radius of the bright (Mr < -21 mag) nearby host galaxy which is then defined as cEs with (cEw) and without (cEw/o) host galaxy, respectively. We investigated the stellar population properties of cEs based on the Hb, Mgb, Fe 5270, and Fe 5335 line strengths from the OSSY catalog. We found that cEw has a systematically higher metallicity than cEw/o. In the velocity dispersion-Mgb distribution, while cEw/o follows the relation of early-type galaxies, cEw are found to have a systematically higher metallicity than cEw/o at a given velocity dispersion. The different feature in the metallicity between cEw and cEw/o can suggest that two different scenarios can be provided in the formation of cEs. cEw would be the remnant cores of the massive progenitor galaxies that their outer parts have been tidally stripped by massive neighbor galaxies (i.e., nurture origin). On the other hand, cEw/o are likely to be faint-end of early-type galaxies maintaining in-situ evolution (i.e., nurture origin).

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.114-125
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The aim of the study was to evaluate the optical properties of new generation (3Y-TZP) monolithic zirconia (MZ) with different abutment types and resin cement shades. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A1/LT MZ specimens were prepared (10 × 12 × 1 mm, N = 30) and divided into 3 groups according to cement shades as transparent (Tr), yellow (Y) and opaque (O). Abutment specimens were obtained from 4 different materials including zirconia (Group Z), hybrid (Group H), titanium (Group T) and anodized yellow titanium (Group AT). MZ and abutment specimens were then cemented. L^*, a^*, and b^* parameters were obtained from MZ, MZ + abutment, and MZ + abutment + cement. ∆E₀₀₁^* (between MZ and MZ + abutment), ∆E₀₀₂^* (between MZ and MZ + abutment + cement) and ∆E₀₀₃^* (between MZ + abutment and MZ + abutment + cement) values were calculated. Statistical analyses included 2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni, and Paired Sample t-Tests (P < .05). RESULTS. Abutment types and resin cements had significant effect on L^*, a^*, b^*, ∆E₀₀₁^*, ∆E₀₀₂^*, and ∆E₀₀₃^* values (P < .001). Without cementation, whereas zirconia abutment resulted in the least discoloration (∆E₀₀₁^* = 0.68), titanium abutment caused the most discoloration (∆E₀₀₁^* = 4.99). The least ∆E₀₀₂^* = 0.68 value was seen using zirconia abutment after cementation with yellow shaded cement. Opaque shaded cement caused the most color change (∆E₀₀₃^* = 5.24). Cement application increased the L^* values in all groups. CONCLUSION. The least color change with/without cement was observed in crown configurations created with zirconia abutments. Zirconia and hybrid abutments produced significantly lower ∆E₀₀₂^* and ∆E₀₀₃^* values in combination with yellow shaded cement. The usage of opaque shaded cement in titanium/anodized titanium groups may enable the clinically unacceptable ∆E₀₀^* value to reach the acceptable level.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.458-458
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• 2021

하천의 환경기능과 생태에 관한 관심이 증가하며 생태를 고려한 하천 유지 유량의 산정이 필요하다. 수문 특성의 물리적 서식처에 관한 연구는 PHABSIM, River2D 등의 소프트웨어 적용을 통한 유지유량증분법(IFIM), 수문 인자별 서식처적합도지수(HSI)를 기반으로 연구되고 있지만, 하천의 수질을 고려한 서식처 연구는 각 수질 인자별 서식처적합도지수 자료의 부족으로 하천유지유량 산정에 반영이 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구는 국내 하천의 수질·생태 모니터링 자료를 바탕으로 수온, DO 등의 수질 인자에 대한 피라미의 서식처적합도지수를 권역 단위로 산정했다. 수질 및 어류조사 자료는 물환경정보시스템의 최근 10년 수질측정망, 생물측정망 조사자료를 이용해 구축하였다. 피라미의 수질별 서식 적합도는 일반화가법모형(GAM)을 적용하여 수질 인자별 어류 개체 밀도 분포의 상관관계를 분석하여 지수화하였다. 특히, 어류의 서식 특성은 수계별로 상이할 수 있어 가용 데이터의 범위를 고려하여 권역별 수질 인자에 따른 피라미의 서식 특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구로 제시된 권역단위 피라미의 수질 서식처 적합도 지수는 생태를 고려한 하천사업의 계획, 평가의 기초자료를 제시할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 피라미 외 각 하천의 주요 생태 어종 평가를 위한 수질 서식처 적합도지수 산정의 자동화를 위한 알고리즘 개발에 적용가능할 것으로 예상된다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.30.1-30.1
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• 2020

The ASKAP-EMU survey is a deep wide-field radio continuum survey designed to cover the entire southern sky and a significant fraction of the northern sky up to +30°. Here, we report a discovery of a radio relic in the merging cluster SPT-CL J2023-5535 at z=0.23 from the ASKAP-EMU pilot 300 square degree survey (800-1088 MHz). The deep high-resolution data reveal a ~2 Mpc-scale radio halo elongated in the east-west direction, coincident with the intracluster gas. The radio relic is located at the western edge of this radio halo stretched ~0.5 Mpc in the north-south orientation. The integrated spectral index of the radio relic within the narrow bandwidth is α1088MHz800MHz = -0.76 ± 0.06. Our weak-lensing analysis shows that the system is massive (M200 = 1.04 ± 0.36 × 1015M⊙) and composed of at least three subclusters. We suggest a scenario, wherein the radio features arise from the collision between the eastern and middle subclusters. Furthermore, the direct link between the local AGN and the relic along with the discontinuities in X-ray observation hint us that we are looking at the site of re-acceleration.