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Effects of sociodrama on parenting stress, depression, and parenting self-efficacy in mothers of adolescents receiving special education (소시오드라마가 특수교육대상 학생 어머니의 양육스트레스, 우울, 부모효능감에 미치는 효과)

  • Han, Jong-Sook;Ahn, Jung-Won
    • Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.200-209
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sociodrama on mothers of adolescents receiving special education at school. Methods: The participants were 30 mothers of adolescents with autism and intellectual, physical, emotional, and behavioral disability (experimental group=8, control group=16, 4 excluded). Sociodrama was conducted over 6 weeks (6 sessions). Data were collected using a mixed method. A constructed questionnaire on parenting stress, depression, and parenting self-efficacy was distributed before and after the intervention. A focus group interview was conducted subsequently. Data were collected from May to June 2016 and analyzed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and a content analysis. Results: The intervention group showed significant changes in parenting stress (Z=-2.34, p=.019), depression (Z=-.3.46 p=.001), and parenting self-efficacy (Z=-2.82, p=.029) compared with the control group. Results of the qualitative analysis exhibited two themes, namely "changes" and "healing and challenges," which were divided into 4 categories and 9 sub-categories. Conclusion: Sociodrama was effective in reducing the level of parenting stress and depression, and increased the level of parenting self-efficacy in participants. Sociodrama can be recommended as an intervention program for parents raising adolescents receiving special education.

Bioimpedance Changes in Rats with CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis

  • Heo, Jeong;Jung, Dong-Keun
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.71-76
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    • 2011
  • To characterize the relationship between the stage of hepatic fibrosis and bioimpedance, several electric parameters were estimated in rats with $CCl_4$-induced liver fibrosis. Thirty three Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with a $CCl_4$-mineral oil mixture (1:1, 0.2 mL/100 g) twice a week for 8 weeks. The resistance(R), reactance(X), impedance(Z), and dissipation factor(D) between 1 kHz and 100 kHz were then evaluated in the livers of the rats under pentobarbital anesthesia using an HP4294A Impedance Analyzer. The rats were killed 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks later, and their livers were classified in accordance with Ishak's scoring system. R, X, and Z changed in accordance with the progression of hepatic fibrosis and the changes were greater at lower frequencies than at higher frequencies. In comparison, the D spectrum was biphasic; D increased initially then decreased with increasing frequency. All of the parameters(R, X, Z, and D) changed in accordance with the stage of fibrosis in the livers, but D changed specifically with the progression of fibrosis. These results indicate that hepatic fibrosis may be evaluated by determining the changes in D.

Unveiling Quenching History of Cluster Galaxies Using Phase-space Analysis

  • Rhee, Jinsu;Smith, Rory;Yi, Sukyoung K.
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.40.1-40.1
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    • 2019
  • We utilize times since infall of cluster galaxies obtained from Yonsei Zoom-in Cluster Simulation (YZiCS), the cosmological hydrodynamic N-body simulations, and star formation rates from the SDSS data release 10 to study how quickly late-type galaxies are quenched in the cluster environments. In particular, we confirm that the distributions of both simulated and observed galaxies in phase-space diagrams are comparable and that each location of phase-space can provide the information of times since infall and star formation rates of cluster galaxies. Then, by limiting the location of phase-space of simulated and observed galaxies, we associate their star formation rates at z ~ 0.08 with times since infall using an abundance matching technique that employs the 10 quantiles of each probability distribution. Using a flexible quenching model covering different quenching scenarios, we find the star formation history of satellite galaxies that best reproduces the obtained relationship between time since infall and star formation rate at z ~ 0.08. Based on the derived star formation history, we constrain the quenching timescale (2 - 7 Gyr) with a clear stellar mass trend and confirm that the refined model is consistent with the "delayed-then-rapid" quenching scenario: the constant delayed phase as ~ 2.3 Gyr and the quenching efficiencies (i.e., e-folding timescale) outside and inside clusters as ~ 2 - 4 Gyr (${\propto}M_*^{-1}$) and 0.5 - 1.5 Gyr (${\propto}M_*^{-2}$), Finally, we suggest: (i) ram-pressure is the main driver of quenching of satellite galaxies for the local Universe, (ii) the quenching trend on stellar mass at z > 0.5 indicates other quenching mechanisms as the main driver.

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The Joint analysis of galaxy clustering and weak lensing from the Deep Lens Survey to constrain cosmology and baryonic feedback

  • Yoon, Mijin;Jee, M. James;Tyson, J. Tony
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.79.2-79.2
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    • 2019
  • Based on three types of 2-point statistics (galaxy clustering, galaxy-galaxy lensing, and cosmic shear power spectra) from the Deep Lens Survey (DLS), we constrain cosmology and baryonic feedback. The DLS is a deep survey, so-called a precursor to LSST, reaching down to ~27th magnitude in BVRz' over 20 deg2. To measure the three power spectra, we choose two lens galaxy populations centered at z ~0.27 and 0.54 and two source galaxy populations centered at z ~0.64 and 1.1, with more than 1 million galaxies. We perform a number of consistency tests to confirm the reliability of the measurements. We calibrated photo-z estimation of the lens galaxies and validated the result with galaxy cross-correlation measurement. The B-mode signals, indicative of potential systematics, are found to be consistent with zero. The two cosmological results independently obtained from the cosmic shear and the galaxy clustering + galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements agree well with each other. Also, we verify that cosmological results between bright and faint sources are consistent. While there exist some weak lensing surveys showing a tension with Planck, the DLS constraint on S8 agrees nicely with the Planck result. Using the HMcode approach derived from the OWLS simulation, we constrain the strength of baryonic feedback. The DLS results hint at the possibility that the actual AGN feedback may be stronger than the one implemented in the current state-of-the-art simulations.

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Volatile Compounds in the Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Caused in Off-flavor of Porcine Liver by HS-SPME (Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)를 이용한 간의 비린내불쾌취에 기인하는 불포화지방산 산화생성물의 휘발성성분)

  • Im, Sung-Im;Choi, Sung-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.359-365
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    • 2003
  • Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME) was used to isolate the off-flavor volatile compounds, which are formed during the oxidation of porcine liver and unsaturated fatty acids in porcine liver induced by iron. Three fibers for HS-SPME method development were tested, and the polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene(PDMS/DVB) fiber was selected as providing the best detection of analyzed compounds. In the oxidized arachidonic acid, the major compounds identified were hexanal, 1-octen-3-one(metallic), (Z)-4-heptenal, (E)-2-octenal, 1-octen-3-ol(mushroom), (Z)-2-nonenal (cardboard-like), and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal(fatty, oily). In the oxidized linolenic acid, the major ones were (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal(fishy), (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal. Moreover, those of th oxidized porcine liver with iron were hexanal, 1-octen-3-one, (Z)-4-heptenal, (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal. These results showed that the fishy and metallic off-flavor in porcine liver were due to the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in porcine liver.

Isolation and Identification of Flavonoids from Corn Silk (옥수수수염에 함유된 Flavonoids의 분리 및 동정)

  • Kim, Sun-Lim;Kim, Mi-Jung;Lee, Yu-Young;Jung, Gun-Ho;Son, Beom-Young;Lee, Jin-Seok;Kwon, Young-Up;Park, Yong-Il
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.59 no.4
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    • pp.435-444
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    • 2014
  • This study was carried out to isolate and characterize the flavonoids present in corn silks. Maysin content in the unpollinated corn silks (Kwangpyeongok) showed its highest level at 3 days after silking, and decreased thereafter, while the content of open pollinated silks were consistently decreased after silking. This result indicates that the maysin content is considerably affected by the pollination of corn silk. Unpollinated corn silks were collected with excising, and ethanol employed to extract flavonoids at common temperature for 9 days. After extraction, chlorophyll, lipids etc. were removed with methylene chloride, then submitted to flash column cartridge ($150{\times}40mm$ i.d.) packed with a preparative $RP-C_{18}$ bulk packing material ($125{\AA}$, $55-105{\mu}m$), and monitored at 352 nm. Four fractions, fraction-I, -II, -III, and -IV, were isolated from ethanolic extract of corn silks. Absorption spectrum of fraction I showed its maximum intensity (${\lambda}_{max}$) at 327 nm and 239 nm, fraction-II showed its maximum intensity at 339 nm and 274 nm, fraction-III showed its maximum intensity at 345 nm and 277 nm, and fraction-IV showed its maximum intensity at 352 nm, 270 nm, 257 nm, respectively. On the baisis of ESI micro-TOF analysis, fraction-I was identified as chlorogenic acid (m/z 355, 3-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl) quinic acid, $C_{16}H_{18}O_9$), fraction-II identified as a mixture of chlorogenic acid and luteolin 3'-methyl ether 7-glucuronosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-glucuronide (m/z 653, $C_{28}H_{28}O_{18}$), fraction-III identified as a mixture of chlorogenic acid luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside (m/z 595, $C_{27}H_{30}O_{15}$), and luteolin 3'-methyl ether 7-glucuronosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-glucuronide, and fraction-IV identified as maysin (m/z 577, 2"-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnosyl-6-C-(6-deoxy-xylohexose-4-ulosyl)luteolin, $C_{27}H_{28}O_{14}$), respectively. From the ethanolic extract of corn silks, fraction-I was obtained about 35 mg/100 g F.W., fraction-II was about 48 mg/100 g F.W., fraction-III was about 46 mg/100 g F.W., and fraction-IV was about 138 mg/100 g F.W., respectively.

The Effect of Continuous Positive Pressure Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Quality of Life : A Single-Institution Study (폐쇄성수면무호흡증에 대한 지속적 양압치료가 삶의 질에 미치는 영향 : 단일기관 연구)

  • Shin, Hyun Suk;Choi, Mal Rye;Kim, Shin il;Hong, Se Yeon;Eun, Hun Jeong
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.56-66
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: In this study, the clinical characteristics of OSA patients and the quality of life before and after CPAP use were compared to determine the degree of improvement in quality of life according to CPAP use. Methods: Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Modified Mallampatti Score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were compared between men and women through medical records. To understand the degree of improvement in quality of life resulting from use of CPAP, a personal telephone call was made to compare the VAS scores for quality of life before and after CPAP use. Results: In height (HT) (Z = -4.525, p < 0.001), weight (BW) (Z = -2.844, p < 0.05), sleep quality (PSQI) (Z = -2.671, p < 0.05), and arousal index (AI) (Z = -2.105, p < 0.05), there was a difference between men and women (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the remaining variables. Cross-analysis (Chi-square test) confirmed a difference between severity and sex of OSA. It has been found that there is no statistically significant order in size according to level-specific severity of OSA for PreCPAP QOL, PostCPAP QOL, CPAPUse Months, and CPAP4Hr/d (%) (p > 0.05). The difference between AHI before and after CPAP was 36.48 ± 21.54 (t = 11.609, p < 0.001) and the difference between QOL before and after CPAP was -25.43 ± 22.06 (t = -7.901, p < 0.001), both of which were significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Among OSA patients, there were differences in height (HT), weight (BW), sleep quality (PSQI), arousal index (AI), and severity of OSA between men and women, but the quality of life before and after CPAP was different. However, there was no difference between men and women in quality of life before and after CPAP. In addition, quality of life in OSA patients improved after using CPAP.

Distribution of the Seagrass in the Nakdong River Estuary (낙동강하구의 잘피(seagrass) 분포 현황)

  • Jung-Im Park;Hee Sun Park;Jongil Bai;Gu-Yeon Kim
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.207-217
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    • 2023
  • This study was conducted to investigate the current status of seagrass species in the Nakdong River estuary from May to June 2023. To survey the seagrass habitat area, the Nakdong River estuary was divided into seven zones. Aerial photography using drones was conducted to find seagrass areas, GPS tracking was carried out on foot in the intertidal zone and by boat and SCUBA diving in the subtidal zone. To analyze the seagrass status, we measured the morphological characteristics, shoot density, and biomass of representative seagrass species in each zone. Four seagrass species were found in this area: Zostera japonica, Z. marina, Ruppia maritima, and Phyllospadix japonicus. The distribution areas of each species was 338.2 ha, 92.9 ha, 0.9 ha, and 1.4 ha, respectively, with a total area of 432.5 ha. Z. japonica was widely distributed in most of the tidal flats and mudflats of the Nakdong River estuary, while Z. marina was restricted to Nulcha-do, Jinu-do, and Dadae-dong. R. maritima occurred within the habitat of Z. japonica in Eulsukdo and Myeongji mudflats, and P. japonicus inhabited rocky areas in Dadae-dong. The shoot density of each species was 4,575.8±338.3 shoots m-2, 244.8±12.0 shoots m-2, 11,302.1±290.0 shoots m-2, and 2862.5±153.5 shoots m-2, respectively. The biomass of each species was 239.7±18.5 gDW m-2, 362.3±20.5 gDW m-2, 33.3±1.2 gDW m-2, and 1,290.0±37.0 gDW m-2, respectively. The results of this study revealed that Z. japonica was dominant in the Nakdong River estuary. In particular, Z. japonica habitats of Eulsukdo, Daema-deung, and Myeongji mudflats were identified as the largest in Korea. The Nakdong River estuary is an important site of ecological, environmental, and economic value, and will require continuous investigation and management of the native seagrasses.