• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2003

Objective: To evaluate whether diagnostic laparoscopy before transcervical fallopian tube catheterization (TFTC) would improve tubal recanalization rate and pregnancy rate in patients with bilateral proximal tubal blockage in hysterosalpingogram (HSG). Methods: The retrospective study was performed in those underwent TFTC from January 1998 to December 2001. A total of 50 patients with bilateral proximal tubal blockage in HSG were subjected to TFTC sequentially using repeated HSG (rHSG), selective salpingography (SS) followed by tubal catheterization (TFTC). Each procedure was terminated once patency had been achieved without proceding to the next technique. In Group A patients (n=35, 64 tubes), diagnostic laparoscopy was performed before TFTC was taken to exclude the tube combined with peritubal adhesion or distal tubal pathology. In Group B, patients (n=15, 26 tubes) were performed TFTC without diagnostic laparoscopy. Results: There were significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate (45.7% vs 15.4%, p=0.034) but no differences were found in recanalization rate (75.0% vs 73.1%) and complication rate (8.6% vs 13.3%). Although there is no signficant difference, more tubes were canalized by SS, which means tubal obstruction rather than occlusion, in Group A (25.0% vs 5.3%, p=0.069). Conclusion: Diagnostic laparoscopy would be effective in the selection of tube for the relatively inexpensive and less invasive TFTC or patients in need of assisted reproductive technologies. With the tubes without combined peritubal adhesion or distal tubal pathology, pregnancy rate was significantly increased.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2003

Objective: To evaluate the difference of implantation rate (IR) and clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) between two protocols of endometrial preperation in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Methods: This study was performed during the different time periods: A retrospective study from January 2000 to June 2001 (phase I) and a prospective study from July 2001 to March 2002 (phase II). All the patients received estradiol valerate (6 mg p.o. daily) starting from day 1 or 2 of the menstrual cycle without pituitary down regulation. Progesterone was administered around day 14 after sonographic confirmation of endometrial thickness $\geq$7 mm and no growing follicle. In Group A (n=88, 99 cycles) of phase I, progesterone was administered i.m. at a dose of 50 mg daily from one day prior to thawing of pronuclear (PN) stage frozen embryo or three days prior to thawing of 6-8 cell stage frozen embryo and then each stage embryos were trasnsferred 2 days or 1 day later after thawing. In Group B (n=246, 299 cycles) of phase I, patients recieved progesterone 100 mg i.m. from one day earlier than group A; two days prior to PN embryo thawing, four days prior to of 6-8 cell embryo thawing. During the phase II, to exclude any differences in embryo transfer procedures, in Group 1 (n=23, 28 cycles) of phase II embryo was transfered by one who have used the progesterone protocol since the phase I. In Group 2 (n=122, 139 cycles) of phase II embryo was transfered by one who use the progesterone protocol from the phase II. Results: When compared across the phase and group, there were no significant differences in the characteristics. During the phase I, there were significant increase in IR (14.4% vs 5.9%, p=0.001) and CPR (28.3% vs 14.5%, p=0.000) in group A. During the phases II, IR (11.8% vs 10.6%) and CPR (27.6% vs 27.3%) show no differences between two groups. Conclusions: In FET cycles, IR and CPR are increased significantly by the change of dosage and timing of progesterone administraton. And the timing is considered to be more important factor because the dosage of progesterone did not affect implantation window in previous studies. Therefore, we suggest that progesterone administration in FET cycle should begin from one day prior to PN stage embryo thawing and three days prior to 6-8 cell stage embryo thawing.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 1999

Some reports have shown a decreased effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) with newer lithotriptors. We compared the treatment results of ESWL with a second generation Northgate SD-3 and a third generation Modulith SLX device. A total of 2,000 patients underwent ESWL treatments for single urinary calculus between September, 1988 and July, 1998. 1,241 patients were treated with Northgate SD-3 between September, 1988 and December, 1995. And 759 patients were treated with Modulith SLX between January, 1996 and July 1998. The treatment results were compared using chi-square test to determine statistical significance. The overall success rate, success rate according to the location and size, the mean number of sessions, complication rate and retreatment rate were calculated, according to lithotriptor. The overall success rate was 90.6% with Northgate SD-3 and 89.1% with Modulith SLX. With Northgate SD-3 and Modulith SLX, the success rate according to the location was 91.0%(579/636) and 88.1%(236/268) in kidney: 93.2%(517/555) and 89.9%(258/287) in upper ureter: 83.3%10/12) and 94.4%167/177) in middle and lower ureter: 47.4%(18/38) and 55. 6%(15/27) in staghorn stone, respectively. The success rate according to the size of stone with Northgate SD-3 and Modulith SLX for stones with the size under 10mm was 96.1%(612/637) and 93.1%(470/505); from 11mm to 20mm was 87.3%(421/482) and 86.4%(165/191); from 21mm to 30mm, 77.5%(62/80) and 67.5%(23/34): and for stones larger than 31mm was 69%(29/42) and 62.1%(18/29), respectively. Mean number of sessions for successful fragmentation was 1.21 and 1.69, respectively with Northgate SD-3 and Modulith SLX. Retreatment rate was 16.7% and 17.5%, respectively. The complications after treatment were severe pain(6.2% with Northgate SD-3 vs. 2.0% with Modulith SLX), steinstrasse(3.4% vs. 1.9%), fever(1.2% vs. 0.5%) and perirenal hematoma(0.2% vs. 0%) in order of frequency. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of Northgate SD-3 and Modulith SLX. However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two lithotriptors. We concluded that ESWL with Modulith SLX is more safe compared to Northgate SD-3.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of adding dried blood mixed with Macsumsuk to the feed of broiler chickens. The blood had been dried at $200^{\circ}C$ in an ultra-high-temperature injection system and mixed in a 70:30 proportion of blood meal to Macsumsuk. The experiment consisted of four treatment groups of 150 chickens each. The control group received common broiler feed only, while treatment groups T1, T2, and T3 received feed supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0% of the blood meal/Macsumsuk mixture, respectively. The diets were fed for a total of 35 days. Compared with the controls, body weight gain was improved in groups T1 (1,621 g), T2 (1,749 g), and T3 (1,739 g) (1,621-1,749 g vs. 1,448.5 g, respectively) and feed efficiency increased (p<0.01). The carcass rate in group T3 was higher by 83.26% than that in the controls (75.96 %) (p<0.01). The water holding capacity (WHC) increased in groups T1 and T2 (62.27 and 63.80% respectively) compared with controls (p<0.01). The intestine length was longer in groups T1 and T2 (53.98-55.48) than in controls (45.81) (p<0.01). Adding 0.5-1.0% of the dried blood meal Macsumsuk supplement resulted in a significant reduction in the cholesterol content (39.28~47.34 mg/100 g) compared with the controls (50.44 mg/100 g) (p<0.001); furthermore, the proportions of fatty acids including oleic (C18:1n9), ${\gamma}-linoleic$ (C18:3n6), eicosenoic (C20:1n9), and arachidonic (C20:4n6) acids were significantly increased (p<0.01). Compared with controls, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and proportion of UFA / SFA in group T1 was (68.66 vs. 69.35%, 51.22 vs 52.00%, and 2.19 vs. 2.26%, respectively) (p<0.05). However, the amino acid content of cystine and methionine of the treatment group (0.43~0.57%) was significantly higher than that of controls (0.38~0.46%) (p<0.05). Overall, supplementing the feed with 0.5-1.0% of the mixture of blood meal Macsumsuk improved productivity by increasing weight gain and feed efficiency, improved meat quality by increasing the water-holding capacity and levels of unsaturated fatty acids, and improved meat color.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2000

This study was carried out to improve of effective culture system on development of IVM/IVF/IVC bovine embryos. The cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) collected from Korean cattle ovaries harvested at a local abattoir were matured in 50 ${mu}ell$ of TCM199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and hormones (35 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ FSH, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ LH, 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ estradiol 17 $\beta$ under paraffin oil at 39$^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$in air. At 24 hrs after culture, matured oocytes were fertilized in vitro for 22~24 hrs with motile semen in which obtained by centrifugation of a frozen thawed semen on Percoll-density gradients (45% vs. 90%) at 500 g for 20 min. The presumptive zygotes were divided into three experimental groups. Single egg (Group 1), 25 (Group 2) or 50 eggs (Group 3) were cultured on cumulus cell in 50 ${mu}ell$ TCM199 supplement with 10% FBS for 6~9 days after fertilization. In vitro developmental rates into the blastocysts in the groups 2 and 3 were significantly (P＜0.05) higher than those of group 1 (37,27 vs. 6%, respectively). Cell number of blastocysts obtained in groups 2 and 3 at day 8 were significantly (P${mu}ell$) resulted in higher developmental competence and cell number of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro than those the culture of single embryos with cumulus cells.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.290-298
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• 1999

A study on the application of impedance phase angle for redox titration, acid-base titration, chelate titration and precipitation titration has been carried out. A constant alternating current was passed between two platinum electrodes. One of them was a polarizable micro-electrode of $0.1cm^2$ or $0.026cm^2$ surface area and the other a non-polarizable large electrode of $1cm^2$ surface area dipped in the solution to be titrated. The impedance and the phase angle of the titration cell were measured with lock-in amplifier to obtain well behaved titration curve respectively. In titration of oxalic acid vs. potassium permanganate, the end-point was obtained successfully from the phase angle titration curve. In this experiment, the concentration of 0.0005 M to 0.05 M, the current of $50{\mu}A$ and the frequency of near 50 Hz were used. In titration of phosphoric acid vs. sodium hydroxide, the first end-point was obtained successfully on the optimum experimental condition of 0.001 M concentration, $50{\mu}A$ current and 25~97 Hz frequency. However, the end-point in titration of cupric sulfate vs. disodium-EDTA couldn't be obtained clearly. The end-point was obtained with the out-of-phase impedance curve on the experimental condition of 0.01 M concentration, $100{\mu}A$ current, 5~35 Hz frequency range. In titration of sodium chloride vs. silver nitrate, the end-point was obtained successfully on the experimental condition of 0.1 M concentration, $100{\mu}A$ current and 5~47 Hz frequency range. This study showed that the impedance phase angle was applicable for the detection of the end-points in redox titration curve, acid-base titration curve, chelate titration curve and precipitation titration curve.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

Background : Endobronchial tuberculosis often complicates bronchostenosis, which can cause dyspnea due to an airway obstruction, and can be misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma or lung cancer. This study investigated the possible correlation between the $interferon-{\gamma}$($IFN-{\gamma}$) and transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$($TGF-{\beta}$) levels in the serum and bronchial washing fluid and the treatment results in endobronchial tuberculosis patients. Methods : Sixteen patients, who were diagnosed as endobronchial tuberculosis using bronchoscopy, and 10 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. The $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TGF-{\beta}$ levels were measured in the serum and bronchial washing fluid of 16 endobronchial tuberculosis patients before and after treatment using the ELISA method. The endobronchial tuberculosis patients were divided into those who showed bronchial fibrostenosis after treatment and those who did not. Results : The $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TGF-{\beta}$ levels in the bronchial washing fluid in endobronchial tuberculosis patients were elevated comparing to the control (p<0.05). After treatment, 7 of the 16 endobronchial tuberculosis patients showed bronchial fibrostenosis and the other 9 cases healed without this sequela. In the patients with fibrostenosis after treatment, the initial serum $TGF-{\beta}$ level was lower than the patients without fibrostenosis after treatment (p<0.05). Moreover, the serum $TGF-{\beta}$ level after treatment further decreased comparing to the patients without fibrostenosis after treatment(p<0.05). Conclusion : Elevated $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TGF-{\beta}$ levels in the bronchial washing fluid in endobronchial tuberculosis patients are believed to be related to the pathogenesis of endobronchial tuberculosis. The decreased initial serum $TGF-{\beta}$ level and the change in the serum $TGF-{\beta}$ level after treatment are believed to be involved in bronchial fibrostenosis during the course of the disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.540-548
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• 2001

Backgrounds : Because ventilator-induced lung injury is partly dependent on the intensity of vascular flow, we hypothesized that hypothermia may attenuate the degree of such an injury through a reduced cardiac output. Methods : Twenty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normothermia ($37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)-injurious ventilation (NT-V) group (n=10), hypothermia ($27{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)-injurious ventilation (HT-V) group (n=10), or nonventilated control group (n=7). The two thermal groups were subjected to injurious mechanical ventilation for 20 min with peak airway pressure 30 cm $H_2O$ at zero positive end-expiratory pressure, which was translated to tidal volume $54{\pm}6\;ml$ in the NT-V group and $53{\pm}4\;ml$ in the HT-V group (p>0.05). Results : Pressure-volume (P-V) curve after the injurious ventilation was almost identical to the baseline P-V curve in the HT-V group, whereas it was shifted rightward in the NT-V group. On gross inspection, the lungs of the HT-V group appeared smaller in size, and showed less hemorrhage especially at the dependent regions, than the lungs of the NT-V group. [Wet lung weight (g)/body weight (kg)] ($1.6{\pm}0.1$ vs $2.4{\pm}1.2$ ; p=0.014) and [wet lung weight/dry lung weight] ($5.0{\pm}0.1$ vs $6.1{\pm}0.8$ ; p=0.046) of the HT-V group were both lower than those of the NT-V group, while not different from those of the control group($1.4{\pm}0.4$, $4.8{\pm}0.4$, respectively). Protein concentration of the BAL fluid of the HT-V group was lower than that of the NT-V group($1,374{\pm}726\;ug/ml$ vs $3,471{\pm}1,985\;ug/ml$;p=0.003). Lactic dehydrogenase level of the BAL fluid of the HT-V group was lower than that of the NT-V group ($0.18{\pm}0.10\;unit/ml$ vs $0.43{\pm}0.22\;unit/ml$;p=0.046). Conclusions : Hypothermia attenuated pulmonary hemorrhage, permeability pulmonary edema, and alveolar cellular injuries associated with injurious mechanical ventilation, and preserved normal P-V characteristics of the lung in rats.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 1999

Background: The drug-resistant tuberculosis has recently decreased in Korea, but it is still one of the major obstacles in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Unfortunately there are no reliable ways to figure out the drug sensitivity pattern of the M. tuberculosis in the starting point of treatment. At least several months which is critical for the success of treatment have to be passed away before getting the report of drug-sensitivity test. The aim of this study was to find out the clinical and radiological parameters that make it possible to predict the drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and to make a correct decision on the antituberculosis drug regimens. Method: We studied 253 pulmonary TB patients with sputum and/or bronchial washing fluid culture-positive diagnosed at the Chung-Ang University Young-San Hospital in the period of 1989-1994. The differences in the clinical and raiological variables between the drug-sensitive and the drug-resistant tuberculosis patients were evaluated. Results: In 66 out of 253 patients(26.1%), drug resistant tuberculosis to at least one antituberculosis drug were found. Patients with retreatment showed higher resistance rate than those with initial treatment(30/69, 43.5% vs 36/184, 19.5%, p<0.01). Patients with cavitary TB showed higher resistance rate than those with non-cavitary TB(24/54, 44.4% vs 42/199, 21.1%, p<0.05). Among patients with initial treatment, those with far-advanced TB showed a higher drug resistance rate than those with minimal lesion(9/23, 36.9% vs 10/82, 12.5%, p<0.05). Patients with culture positive only in the bronchial washing fluid showed lower resistance rate than those with sputum culture positive(7/63, 11.1 % vs 59/190, 31.1%, p<0.05). Conclusion: Prior treatment history for pulmonary tuberculosis, the presence of cavity & far advanced tuberculosis in the radiologic exam, sputum rather than solely bronchial washing culture positivity would be the related factors to the drug resistance. So in the patients with such characteristics, it is needed to try to find out the drug sensitivity pattern of the infecting tuberculosis organism as soon as possible.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 1997

This study reports the results about the petrography and geochemical characteristics of 10 representative volacanic rocks. The Cretaceous volcanic rocks distributed in the vicinity of the Kageo island composed of andesitic rocks, dacitic welded tuff, and rhyolitic rocks in ascending order. Sedimentary rock is the basement in the study area covered with volcanic rocks. Andesitic rocks composed of pyroclastic volcanic breccia, lithic lapilli tuff and cryptocrystallin lava-flow. Most dacitic rocks are lapilli ash-flow welded tuff. Rhyolitic rocks consists of rhyolite tuff and rhyolite lava flow. Rhyolite tuff are lithic crystal ash-flow tuff and crystal vitric ash-flow tuff with somewhat accidental fragments of andesitic rocks, but dacitic rocks. The variation of major and trace element of the volcanic rocks show that contents of $Al_2O_3$, FeO, CaO, MgO, $TiO_2$ decrease with increasing of $SiO_2$. On the basis of Variation diagrams such as $Al_2O_3$ vs. CaO, Th/Yb vs. Ta/Yb, and $Ce_N/YB_N$ vs. $Ce_N$, these rocks represent mainly differentiation trend of calc-alkaline rock series. On the discriminant diagrams such as Ba/La and La/Th ratio, Rb vs. Y + Nb, the volcanic rocks in study area belongs to high-K Orogenic suites, with abundances of trace element and ternary diagram of K, Na, Ca. According to the tectonic discriminant diagram by Wood, these rocks falls into the diestructructive continental margin. K-Ar ages of whole rocks are from andesite to rhyolite $97.0{\pm}6.8~94.5{\pm}6.6,\68.9{\pm}4.8,\61.5{\pm}4.9~60.7{\pm}4.2$ Ma, repectively. Volcanic rocks in study area show well correlation to the Yucheon Group in terms of rock age dating and geochemcial data, and derived from andesitic calc-alkaline magma that undergone low pressure fractional crystallization dominated plagioclase at <30km.