• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.227-237
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• 1997

In order to search for anti-Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 agents from Korean medicinal herbs and Korean traditional prescriptions (herb complexes), we selected 80 medicinal herbs and 45 prescriptions, based on a review of the Korean traditional medicine books. Both methanol extracts and boiling-water extracts were tested by means of the MTT assay (tetrazolium based colorimetric assay). Ten of the 125 methanol extracts: CM-11, CM-18, CM-19, CM-21, CM-22, CM-39, MM-3, MM-18, MM-29, MM-73 (see explanation of nomenclature below), showed efficacy against HSV-1. Twelve of the water extracts: CW-2, CW-3-I, CW-3-II, CW-18, MW-3, MW-5 MW-6, MW-12, MW-47, MW-69, MW-73 and MW-79 were active. #3 (individual herb) and #73 (individual herb) were interesting because both water and methanol extracts were active. Especially, #3 is a part of composition of Hong-il-$laksamd{\check{u}}ngbang$ and Hojanghaedokt'ang which have anti-HSV-1 activitives. The SI value of MW-69 and CW-18 was relative high as $10.2{\pm}0.7$ and $11.8{\pm}2.2$. The cytotoxic effect on Vera cells of $Panch'{\check{o}}nch'onch'{\check{o}}ngbang$, Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlst. and acycloguanosine was determined by MTT assay. Water extracts of $Panch'{\check{o}}nch'onch'{\check{o}}ngbang$ (prescription) and Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlst. showed very weak cytotoxic effects on Vero cells at > $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ but acycloguanosine showed strang cytotoxic effects on Vera cells at > $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. As a result, #3, #73, MW-69 and CW-18 are considered as potentially useful for anti-HSV-1 agent and will be the focus of further research. Abbreviations: CM - methanol extracts of traditional prescriptions; CW - water extracts of traditional prescriptions; MM - methanol extracts of individual herbs; MW - water extracts of individual herbs.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.217-228
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• 1993

The purpose or this study was to observe the histological alteration of Langerhans cells on wound healing process in applying low energy laser irradiation. For this study, 50 Spraque-Dewly rats, weighing 150Gm or more were devided into control, experimental control group(0), 47.5Hz(1), 190Hz(3), 380Hz(5), 760Hz(7), lased group. All the experimental animals were made excision wound on buccal mucosa, 2mm depth, and lased with stoma laser (904nm, semconductor type ASGaAI, Sedalac France) 47.5Hz, 380Hz, 960Hz, 3minutes one time respectively except experimental control group. After the experiment, experimental animals were sacrificed after 24hours, 48hours, 72hours on each. Taken specimens were embedden in paraffin, sectioned 6-8u in thickness. And the langerhans cell were detected using ant S-100 protein antibody, and histochemically processed with Avidin Biotin complex method. All the Langerhan cells were calculated under light microspe in 400 multiplication field and standard deviation, probability test between each group were evaluated using statistical analysis system(S.A.S)program. Following results were obtained. 1. Langerhan cells were increased in experimental control group compared to that in control group(P<0.01). 2. 24hour after experiments, Langerhans cell were decreased compare to that in control group and control experimental group 5, 1, 3. Probability test shows significance between control experimental and 5, 1, 3 group on a =0.05 range. 3. 48our after experiment, Langerhans cells were decreased compare to that on experimental control group, and probability test shows significance between control experimental and 3, 7, 5 group an a=0.05 range. 4. 72hour after experiments, Langerhans cells were decreased compare to that on experimental control group and probability test on group comparison shows significance between control experimental and 1, 5 and 1 between 3, 7 between 3, and 5, between 7, respeilively on a=0.05 range. 5. Langerhans cells number in experimental group were decreased compare to that on experimental control group in applying laser irradiation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2011

Objectives : Recently a lot of research is being done for find antidiabetic medicine which has no side effects. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and antiobesity effects of Supungsunki-hwan partitioned prescriptions on obese type 2 diabetes mouse. Methods : Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity were induced by Surwit's high fat, high sucrose diet for 8 weeks. Mice were divided into 3 groups of ND (normal diet, n=10) HFD (high fat and high sucrose diet, n=10) and SPP (high fat and high sucrose diet with Supungsunki-hwan partitioned prescriptions, n=10) groups. Body weights were measured every week. After 7 weeks, fasting blood sugar and oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted. After 8 weeks, blood samples of all mice were taken from their heart and analyzed biochemically. At the same time, epididymal fat pad and liver weights were measured. Histological size of white adipocyte were measured as well. Results : Compared with a HFD group, body weight, fructosamine, epididymal fat pad weight and white adipocyte size decreased. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased in the SPP group. Conclusions : These results suggest that SPP has antidiabetic and antiobesity effects in high fat, high sucrose diet induced obese mice.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-71
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• 2017

Antimicrobial polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes containing zerovalent iron ($Fe^0$) and magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) nanoparticles were synthesized via phase inversion method using polyethersulfone (PES) as membrane material and nano-iron as nanoparticle materials. Zerovalent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) were prepared by the reduction of iron ions with borohydride applying an inert atmosphere by using $N_2$ gases. The magnetite nanoparticles (nMag) were prepared via co-precipitation method by adding a base to an aqueous mixture of $Fe^{3+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$ salts. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and dynamic light scattering analysis. Moreover, the properties of the synthesized membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The PES membranes containing the nZVI or nMag were examined for antimicrobial characteristics. Moreover, amount of iron run away from the PES composite membranes during the dead-end filtration were tested. The results showed that the permeation flux of the composite membranes was higher than the pristine PES membrane. The membranes containing nano-iron showed good antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The composite membranes can be successfully used for the domestic wastewater filtration to reduce membrane biofouling.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.88-100
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to identify risk factors for unplanned reintubation after planned extubation and to analyze the clinical outcomes in patients admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery. Methods : The study examined patients who underwent intubation and planned extubation admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. The reintubation group comprised 58 patients underwent unplanned reintubation within 7 days of planned extubation. The maintenance group comprised 116 patients who did not undergo reintubation and were matched with the reintubation group using the rational for matching criteria. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. We used the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, 𝑥²-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 27.0. Results : The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that albumin (odds ratio [OR]=0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.20-0.72), surgery time (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.20-1.97), PaO₂ before extubation (OR=0.85 per 10 mmHg, 95% CI=0.75-0.97), postoperative arrhythmia (OR=2.82, 95% CI=1.22-6.51), reoperation due to bleeding (OR=4.65, 95% CI=1.27-17.07), and postoperative acute renal failure (OR=2.97, 95% CI=1.09-8.04) were risk factors for unplanned reintubation. The reintubation group had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (𝑥²=33.74, p<.001), longer intensive care unit stay (Z=-7.81, p<.001), and longer hospital stay than the maintenance group (Z=-8.29, p<.001). Conclusion : These results identified risk factors and clinical outcomes of unplanned reintubation after planned extubation after cardiac surgery. These findings should be considered when developing and managing an intervention program to prevent and reduce the incidence of unplanned reintubation.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.8
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• pp.877-887
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• 1994

Cu-Ni-Si-P alloys have been studied in order to develop connector material which has a favorable combination of strength, electrical conductivity, elastic limit, thermal softening resistence and bend formability. Three kinds of trial alloys with various nickel and silicon content were melted and cast, hot rolled at about $900^{\circ}C$ and cold rolled. Mechanical properties and electrical conductivities of these alloys annealed at $450^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$ and $550^{\circ}C$ were investigated. An alloy with the composition of Cu-2.7%Ni-0.53%Si-O.O29%P, which shows a favorable combination of high strength and high electrical conductivity, has been developed. Various characteristics of the alloy 1 connector material were evaluated and compared with phospher bronze(C521OR-H) and brass(C26OOR-EH) connector material.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2011

The potential factors for quality loss of cleaned fresh ginseng and technology to be associated with the improvement of marketability through pre-packaging fumigation were examined. Major microorganisms isolated from fresh ginseng included Botrytis cinerea, and Erwinia sp. Others such as Cylindrocarpon sp., Fusarium spp., Pennicilium spp., Bacillus spp. were also found at relatively low frequency. The bacterial density of vacuum packaged fresh ginseng rapidly increased during simulated marketing. Little correlation between bacterial growth and package swelling was found. In order to improve packaging method of fresh ginseng, pre-packaging treatment of 2-phenylethyl alcohol (PE, 100 uL/L, 4 hr) was examined. The fumigation treatment effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria density and also effective on keeping firmness of ginseng root, especially in cortical portion. The internal gas compositions of plastic container packaged for ginseng were approximately ranged between 6 to 8% $O_2$and 3 to 4% $CO_2$. The $O_2$ level of fumigation treatment was lower than control whereas $CO_2$ level was higher. The upsurge of ethylene evolution I day after simulated marketing was found only in fumigation treatment but it returned to ordinary level at day 2. The sucrose content of 2-PE treatment was significantly reduced at 5 days after simulated marketing but reducing sugars like glucose and fructose remained at higher level. The difference in sugar levels was reduced after 10 days of simulated marketing. The decay of fresh ginseng began at the lateral or fine root, which is weak to physical damage, in general. The epidermis was more damaged. Plastic container packaging with PE fumigation could be an alternative to vacuum packaging, which allows an aerobic environment and prevents anaerobic respiration. Further study of pre-package fumigation is required to improve technology of fresh ginseng marketing.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.211-212
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• 2007

Stroke makes several physical deficits. Dysarthria is one of the most difficult problems in conventional medicine because of the weakness of neuromotor control. The purpose of this study is to find the acoustic characteristics of acupuncture therapy effects on post-stroke dysarthria. Seven patients with stroke(infarction or hemorrhage) were selected by CT or MR imaging. The authors applied acupuncture therapy by inserting needles into 8 acupuncture points, ipsilateral ST4, ST6 and contralateral LI4, ST36 on facial palsy side, and CV23, CV24, bilateral "Sheyu" for 4 weeks. Speech sample were composed of five simple vowels /a,e,i,o,u/ and meaningless polysyllabic words CVCVC(C: stops, affricated, fricative sounds, v: /e/). .VOT, total duration of each speech samples and vowel formant (F1&F2) were analyzed on Spectrogram. The results are as follows: 1. VOT of bilabial and velar stops was decreased post treatment. The VOT of bilabial glottalized pre and post treatment were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 2. Total duration of polysyllabic words was decreased post treatment. Decrement of total duration containing the bilabial was statistically significant (p<0.05). 3. First formant of round vowel /o/ pre and post treatment was statistically significant (p<0.05).

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.28.3-28.3
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• 2009

과학기술위성 3호는 2007년 6월에 사업착수를 시작하여, 동년 8월 시스템요구사항검토회의(SRR)를 통해 임무 요구사항을 도출하였고, 동년 12월에 시스템기본설계검토회의(SDR)과 2008년 9월 시스템예비설계검토회의(PDR)를 개최하여 시험인증모델(EQM, Engineering& Qualification Model) 제작을 시작하여, 납품을 완료하고 ETB(Engineering Test Bed)상에서 유닛의 기능 시험 및 접속시험, 그리고 환경시험을 수행을 완료하였다. 또한 열구조모델 (STM, Structure and Thermal Model)도 제작을 완료하고 발사환경시험과 열평형 환경시험을 완료하였다. 이와같이 시험인증모델 및 열구조모델에 대한 지상에서의 시험과 검증이 완료된 시험결과를 바탕으로 2009년 9월 상세설계를 완료하고 비행모델 제작에 착수할 예정이다. 이 논문에서는 과학기술위성 3호의 시험인증모델에 대한 시험의 목적, 종류 그리고 검증에 대한 결과 그리고 향후 계획에 대해 발표하고자 한다. 참고로 과학기술위성 3호는 주탑재체인 다목적적외선영상시스템(MIRIS)은 우리 은하계의 근적외선 관측, 우주 배경복사 관측 및 지구 지표면의 적외선 영상 획득을 임무로 하고 있고, 부탑재체인 초소형 영상 분광기(COMIS)는 한반도 지역의 다중 스펙트럼 영상을 획득함으로써 대기관측 및 환경감시의 임무를 가지고 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze the KCD codes applied to the treatment of 27 postpartum women who had been treated with Korean traditional medicine in a Korean medicine hospital, so that this study may be used as a basic data for setting the direction of postpartum Korean medical treatment research. Methods: It was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University medical center (IRB approval number : WSOH IRB H1708-02-01). Twenty-seven postpartum women who had been treated at ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University medical center were received outpatient treatment for two weeks (from September 27, 2017 to January 5, 2018), and the KCD codes applied to the mothers were collected after obtaining the consent. On the day of registration of the study, the fertility, obstetric history and high-risk pregnancies were identified through an interview. Results: 1. The mean age of the 27 subjects was $33.33{\pm}3.99\;years$ old. Among the subjects, 17 mothers (63.0%) were high-risk pregnancy and 10 mothers (37.0%) were normal. 2. Among the 22 major disease categories, 8 categories were used. M code (musculoskeletal system) was used 243 times (70.85%), followed by R code (unclassified symptom) of 51 times (14.87%) and U code (special purpose code) of 23 times (6.71%). 3. The most commonly used code among the ten frequently used codes was M25.57 (joint pain, ankle and foot), a total of 47 times. Of the remaining nine codes, except for R60.1 (systemic edema) and U68.4 (The deficiency of yang in Bi), all codes were M codes (musculoskeletal system). 4. The M code (musculoskeletal system) was the most used major disease category in high-risk group, a total of 159 times. But in specific categories, the most commonly used code was R60.1 (systemic edema), a total of 28 times. 5. In normal group, the M code (musculoskeletal system) was the most used major disease category, a total of 84 times. Also, in specific categories, the most commonly used code was M25.57 (joint pain, ankle and foot), total 29 times. 6. The U code, corresponding to 'the diagnosis of childbirth and other obstetrical medical use', was used 23 times (6.71%), O code three times (0.87%) and Z code two times (0.58%), which was less than 10% of the total number of codes used. Conclusion: When analyzing KCD codes related to Korean medicine treatment for postpartum diseases, it is important to select the KCD codes that reflect the actual clinical state.