• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.1073-1078
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• 2009

A kinetic model for the oxidation of a $UO_2$ pellet to $U_3O_8$ powder has been suggested by considering the mass transfer and the diffusion of oxygen molecules. The kinetic parameters were estimated by a fitting of the experimental data. The activation energies for the chemical reaction and the product layer diffusion were calculated from the kinetic model. The oxidation conversion of a $UO_2$ pellet was simulated at various operating conditions. The suggested model explains the oxidation behavior of $UO_2$ well.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.160-164
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• 1982

단결정을 키우기에 적절한 용해도를 가진 $[U(PW_{11}O_{39})_2]^{10-}$의 구아니딘윰염을 합성하였다. 이 염 혹은 칼륨염을 사용하여 $[U(PW_{11}O_{39})_2]^{10-}$의 안정도를 용액의 pH의 함수로 조사하였으며, pH 3~7에서 안정함을 발견하였다. 이 영역에서 $PW_{11}O_{39}^{7-}$대 $U^{4+}$의 몰비가 2이상 되게 $PW_{11}O_{39}^{7-}$를 가하고 22.7kK band (${\varepsilon}$ 1030 M-1cm-1)띠의 세기를 측정함으로써 $U^{4+}$를 비색정량하는 방법을 개발하였다.$PW_{11}O_{39}^{7-}$ 를 사용하여 우라늄을 회수하는 방법을 개발하기 위해,$[U(PW_{11}O_{39})_2]^{10}$- 를 두 다른 방법으로 분해시켜 분리된$PW_{11}O_{39}^{7-}$ 를 정량하였다. $PW_{11}O_{39}^{7-}$의 회수율은 염기를 가해 분해시켰을 때 약 70%, $K_2S_2O_8$로 산화시켜 분해시켰을 때 약 80%이었다. 본 연구를 위해 $VOSO_4$를 이용한$PW_{11}O_{39}^{7-}$ 의 비색정량법도 개발하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.517-531
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• 2002

The speciation and solubility of Am, Np, Pu and U have been analyzed by means of the geochemical code MUGREM, under the chemical conditions of domestic deep groundwater, in order to support the preliminary safety assessment for a Korean HLW disposal concept. Under the conditions of groundwaters studied, the stable solid phase is AmOHC $O_3$(s) or Am(OH)$_3$(s), soddyite((U $O_2$)$_2$ $SiO_2$.2$H_2O$) or N $a_2$ $U_2$ $O_{7}$ (c), Np(OH)$_4$(am), and Pu(OH)$_4$(am) for Am, U, Np, and Pu, respectively. The dominating aqueous species are as follows: the complexes of Am(III), Am(OH)$_2$$^{+}$ and Am(C $O_3$)$_2$$^{[-10]}$ , the complexes of U(VI), U $O_2$(OH)$_3$$^{[-10]}$ and U $O_2$(C $O_3$)$_3$$^{4-}$, the complexes of Np(IV), Np(OH)$_4$(aq) and Np(OH)$_3$C $O_3$, and the complexes of Pu(IV), Pu(OH)$_4$(aq) and Pu(OH)$_3$C $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ . The calculated solubilities exist between 1.9E-10 and 1.3E-9 mol/L for Am, between 5.6E-6 and 1.2E-4 mol/L for U, between 3.1E-9 and 1.3E-8 mol/L for Np, and between 6.6E-10 and 2.4E-10 mol/L for Pu, depending on groundwater conditions. The present solubilities of each actinide agree well with the results of other studies obtained under similar conditions.s.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.490-496
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• 1998

단백질 식품의 가공에 이용할 수 있는 역가 높은 단백질분해효소를 개발하기 위하여 누룩, 메주, 어류, 젓갈 및 토양 등의 시료 중에서 활성이 높은 단백질분해효소의 생산 균주로 A. oryzae O-1균을 분리 동정하였다. A. oryzae O-1을 UV조사(20W, 15cm, 90초)하여 활성이 높은 단백질분해효소 생산균주, A. oryzae U-1을 선발하였고, 다시 A. oryzae U-1포자를 0.5M EMS용액에 처리 (3$0^{\circ}C$, 6분간)하여 보다 활성이 높은 A. oryzae E-1을 선별하였다 다음에 이 A. oryzae E-1과 A. oryzae O-1의 원형질체 융합체 중 단백질분해효소 생산능이 가장 강한 변이균주 A. oryzae PF를 분리하였다. 각 단계별 생산효소의 활성은 azocasein기질에 대하여 A. oryzae O-1이 0.23 U/$m\ell$, A. oryzae U-1은 3.29 U/$m\ell$, A. oryzae E-l은 8.91 U/$m\ell$, 그리고 최종 변이단계를 거친 A. oryzae PF는 19.0 U/$m\ell$로서 최초의 선별균주 A. oryzae O-1에 비하여 그 활성이 약 82배까지 증가하였다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.198-202
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• 1997

The oxidation behavior of UO$_2$pellets was studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer and an XRD in the temperature range of 300 to 550$^{\circ}C$ in air. From XRD studies it is found that UO$_2$is converted to U$_3$O$\_$8/ and the weight gains of UO$_2$specimen are characterized by S-shape curves. After complete oxidation the specimens broke into fine powder and the average weight gain was about 3.93 wt%. The activation energy of 50% conversion of UO$_2$to U$_3$O$\_$8/ is 81.6 kJ/mol and the oxidation rate per unit time was found to be as follows dw/dt=6.54${\times}$10$\^$6/ e (equation omitted), wt%/h : at 50% conversion of UO$_2$into U$_3$O$\_$8/ where w, t and T were wt% gain, conversion time and temperature, respectively.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2007년도 학술논문요약집
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• pp.157-157
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• 2007

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2003

RE(Nd, Sm) elements doped (RE/Y)$_{1.8}$B $a_{2.4}$C $u_{3.4}$$O_{7-x}$ [(RE/Y)1.8] high $T_{c}$ superconductors were directionally grown by Top Seed Melt Growth(TSMG) process in air atmosphere. The (001)melt-textured N $d_{1.8}$B $a_{2.4}$C $u_{3.4}$ $O_{7-X}$(Nd1.8) seed crystals were used for achieving the c-axis alignment large grains perpendicular to surface of the samples. The (RE/Y)1.8 SEM micrographs of the melt-textured (RE/Y)1.8 samples revealed that the nonsuperconducting (RE/Y)211 inclusions are uniformly distributed in the superconducting (RE/Y)123 matrix except the region very close to the Nd seed crystal. The microstructure and superconducting properties were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM and SQUID magnetometer. The Melt-textured (RE/Y)1.8 samples showed an onset $T_{c}$=91K and sharp superconducting transition. Also, the magnetization value of the (RE/Y)1.8 samples were compared with those of Y1.8 sample at 77 K. 77 K. 77 K. 77 K.K.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2006

$UO_2$ 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch용 분말화 장치는 차세대관리 공정의 금속전환로 안으로 균질화된 분말을 공급하기 위하여 $UO_2$ 펠릿을 산화하여 $U_3O_8$으로 분말화하는 장치이다. 본 연구에는 $UO_2$ 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch용 분말화 장치 설계모델을 제시하고, 실증용 분말화 장치를 제작하여 검증실험을 수행한다. 분말화 장치 설계모델은 내부구조, 성능, 가열로 위치와 크기 등이 고려된다. 실험 방법은 $UO_2$ 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch용 분말화 장치 설계 모델에 따라 기존의 3단 메시 분말화 장치를 이용하여 분말의 메시 투과시험과 온도변화 특성 실험을 하여 장치 내부구조를 결정한다. $UO_2$ 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch의 산화 반응도 실험과 가열로 위치별 온도 분포를 측정하고 장치의 성능과 가열로의 영 역 위치를 결정한다. 장치 크기를 결정하기 위하여 산화전의 20kg의 $UO_2$ 펠릿과 산화후의 $U_3O_8$ 부피를 측정한다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 실증용 분말화 장치를 설계. 제작하고, 검증을 위하여 산화도, 분말특성 및 분석 등을 수행하였다. 산화반응 실험결과 에서 기존장치에 비하여 분말의 메시 투과율이 향상되었으며, 기존의 3단 메시 장치의 $UO_2$ 펠릿산화시간이 13시간 소요된 것에 비하여 8시간으로 단축되었다. $U_3O_8$ 분말 특성 분석결과, 평균 입도가 $40{\mu}m$이었다. 제작된 $UO_2$ 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch용 분말화 장치 성능과 설계모델 예측 값은 대체로 잘 일치되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.279-288
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• 1993

A study on calcination and reduction of AUC(ammonium uranyl carbonate, (NH4)4UO2(CO3)3) has been carried out by using TG-DTA in N2, air and H2 atmospheres, respectively. Phases of various intermediate obtained during thermal analysis of AUC in different atmospheres were confirmed by XRD. Powder characteristics of each intermediate were investigated by measuring particle size and specific surface area, and also observed by SEM. As a results, regardless of applied atmosphere AUC was calcined into amorphous UO3, which was converted to $\alpha$-U3O8 Via $\alpha$-UO3 in both H2 and N2 atmosphere, but directly into $\alpha$-UO3 in air atmosphere. Further reduction of U3O8 was only detectable in hydrogen atmosphere. During calcination and reduction, average particle size was reduced to less than 30% of original value without morphology change. Specific surface area was dramatically increased with release of NH3, CO2 and H2O from AUC powder and reached maximum value around 25$0^{\circ}C$, and then gradually decreased with the increase of temperature due to sintering effect of uranium oxides such as UO3 and U3O8. It was also found that the change of average crystallite size and pore size were closely related to the changes of specific surface area of uranium oxides.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2003

(Sm/Y)$_{1.8}$B $a_{2.4}$C $u_{3.4}$$O_{7-x}$ [(Sm/Y)1.8] high $T_{c}$ superconductors were directionally grown by Rod-type Seed Melt Growth(RSMG) process in air atmosphere. The sintered polycrystalline N $d_{1.8}$B $a_{2.4}$C $u_{3.4}$$O_{7-x}$(Nd1.8) of rod-type seed crystal grown by extrusion mold process were used for achieving the ab-plane alignment haying large grains perpendicular to the center of (Sm/Y)1.8 samples. The observations using TEM micrographs of the melt-textured (Sm/Y)1.8 samples revealed that the nonsuperconducting (Sm/Y)211 inclusions are uniformly distributed in the superconducting (Sm/Y)123 matrix. The microstructure and superconducting properties were investigated by XRD, TEM and SQUID magnetometer. The RSMG (Sm/Y)1.8 samples showed an onset $T_{c}$ $\geq$ 90 K and sharp superconducting transition.nsition.ion.nsition.