• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2020

Ultraviolet (UV) sensors are widely applied in industrial and military fields such as environmental monitoring, medicine and astronomy. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is considered as one of the promising materials for UV sensors because of its ease of fabrication, wide bandgap (3.37 eV) and high chemical stability. In this study, we used the hydrothermal growth of ZnO to form two types of ZnO nanostructures (Nanoflower and nanorod) and applied them to a UV sensor. To improve the performance of the UV sensor, the hydrothermal growth was used in a two-step process for fabricating ZnO hierarchical nanostructures. The fabricated ZnO hierarchical nanostructure improved the performance of the UV sensor by increasing the ratio of volume to surface area and the number of nanojunctions compared to one-step hydrothermal grown ZnO nanostructure. The UV sensor based on the ZnO hierarchical nanostructure had a maximum photocurrent of 44 ㎂, which is approximately 3 times higher than that of a single nanostructure. The UV sensor fabrication method presented in this study is simple and based on the hydrothermal solution process, which is advantageous for large-area production and mass production; this provides scope for extensive research in the field of UV sensors.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cold plasma combined with UV-C irradiation against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on lettuce. E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes, corresponding to approximately 5.82, 5.09, 5.65 log CFU/g, were inoculated on lettuce, respectively. Then, the lettuce was treated with cold plasma, UV-C and combination (cold plasma + UV-C), respectively. The treated lettuce was stored for 9 days at $4^{\circ}C$ for microbiological analysis and sensory evaluation. Cold plasma reduced the populations of E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes by 0.26, 0.65, and 0.93 log CFU/g, respectively. Each microorganism were reduced by 0.87, 0.88, and 1.14 log CFU/g after UV-C treatment. And, the combined treatment that was treated by cold plasma after UV-C treatment reduced the populations of inoculated microorganisms by 1.44, 2.70, 1.62 log CFU/g, respectively. The all treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the populations of all inoculated bacteria compared to untreated lettuce. UV-C combined with cold plasma was the most effective for reducing the pathogenic bacteria on lettuce, by showing log-reductions of ${\geq}2.0\;log\;CFU/g$. All treatment was not significantly different until 6 day storage compared to control group in terms of appearance, texture and overall acceptability. Therefore, the combined treatment will be an effective intervention method to control the bacteria on lettuce.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.234-234
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• 2008

Chemically homogeneous $Ba_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}TiO_3$ (BST) sols were synthesized using barium acetate, strontium acetate, and titanium isoproxide as starting materials. BST thin films of thickness 340 nm were deposited on Pt/$TiO_2/SiO_2$/Si and alumina substrates using spin coating method. The technique used for the processing of these films was Ultraviolet (UV) sol-gel photoannealing, using phto-sensitivity precursor solutions and UV-assisted rapid thermal processing(UV-RTP). The crystallization behaviour of the BST sols and thin films was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Variation of permittivity and dielectric loss were measured in LCR-meter, model HP 4394A.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

The photocatalytic decolorization of the Rhodamine B (RhB) was studied using a UV/TiO$_2$ reactor. Yakuri titanium dioxide(anatase) was used as the suspended photocatalyst and proved to be effective for decolorization irradiated with UV light (254 mm). The photocatalyzed dioxide concentrations, light intensity and air flow rates. In 0.01 mM RhB, color could be completely photodegraded after 3 hours. Absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution containing RhB showed a continued diminution of the RhB concentration in the solution bulk : concomitantly, no new absorption peaks appeared. This confirmed the decolorization of RhB, i.e., the break up of the chromopore. The optimum loaded titanium dioxide for the decolorization was 0.75 g/(equation omitted). The light intensity showed exponential decay with distance. The decay of light intensity of RhB solution showed different tendency from TiO$_2$. These results suggested that the photocatalytic decolorization of dyes may be available method for decolorizing in wastewater.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.269-269
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• 2010

$SnO_2$ 나노선은 n-type의 전기적 특성과 우수한 광 특성을 보이며, 전자소자, 광소자 뿐 아니라 다양한 종류의 가스 센서 등에 응용되고 있다. 그러나 $SnO_2$ 나노선은 공기중에서 전기적으로 불안정한 특성을 보이며, 도핑을 하지 않은 나노선 소자에서는 전자의 모빌러티가 높지 않다는 단점을 갖고 있다. 이를 개선하고자 본 연구에서는 화학기상증착법 (Chemical Vapor Deposition)으로 Sb을 도핑한 $SnO_2$ 나노선을 성장하여 전계방출효과 트랜지스터 (field effect transistor: FET)를 제작하여 전기적 특성과 UV 반응성의 변화를 측정하였다. Sb 도핑 양을 늘려감에 따라 전기적 특성이 반도체 특성에서 점점 금속 특성으로 변하는 것과 게이트 전압의 영향을 적게 받는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 도핑을 해준 $SnO_2$ 나노선의 경우 UV 반응과 회복 시간이 기존에 비하여 크게 감소하여 UV 센서에 더욱 적합해진 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 슬라이딩 트랜스퍼 공정을 이용하여 나노선을 원하는 기판에 정렬된 상태로 전이할 때 도핑한 나노선은 표면특성의 변화로 정렬도가 크게 감소하는 것을 확인하였고, 기판에 윤활제를 사용하여 정렬도를 높일 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.246-254
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• 2017

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is one of most abundant microcystins, and is derived from blue-green algae bloom. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective process when high concentrations of MC-LR are released into a drinking water treatment system from surface water. In particular, UV-based AOPs such as UV, $UV/H_2O_2$, $UV/O_3$ and $UV/TiO_2$ have been studied for the removal of MC-LR. In this study, UV-LED was applied for the degradation of MC-LR because UV lamps have demonstrated some weaknesses, such as frequent replacements; that generate mercury waste and high heat loss. Degradation efficiencies of the MC-LR (initial conc. = $100{\mu}g/L$) were 30% and 95.9% using LED-L (280 nm, $0.024mW/cm^2$) and LED-H (280 nm, $2.18mW/cm^2$), respectively. Aromatic compounds of natural organic matter changed to aliphatic compounds under the LED-H irradiation by LC-OCD analysis. For application to raw water, the Nak-dong River was sampled during summer when blue-green algae were heavy bloom in 2016. The concentration of extracellular and total MC-LR, geosmin and 2-MIB slightly decreased by increasing the LED-L irradiation; however, the removal of MC-LR by UV-LED (${\lambda}=280nm$) was insufficient. Thus, advanced UV-LED technology or the addition of oxidants with UV-LED is required to obtain better degradation efficiency of MC-LR.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to delineate removal efficiency of the MTBE in solution by $TiO_2$ photocatalytic degradation as a function of the following different experimental conditions: Initial concentration of MTBE, air flow rate in solution, $H_2O_2$ dosage and pH of the solution. Photodegradation rate was increased with decreasing initial concentration of MTBE. The removal efficiency was 82% after 180 min in the case of MTBE concentration of 100 mg/L but 100% after 180 min in the case of 20 mg/L. Removal efficiency was increased with increasing pH, $H_2O_2$ dosage and air flow rate in solution.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2007

A thick film catalytic gas sensors which can be operated at $142^{\circ}C$ in presence of ultra violet-light emitting diode has been developed to measure hydrogen concentration in 0-5 % range. The sensing material as a combustion catalyst consists of $TiO_{2}$ (5 wt%) and Pd/Pt (20 wt%) supported on $Al_{2}O_{3}$ powder and the reference material to compensate the heat capacity of it in a bridge circuit was an catalyst free $Al_{2}O_{3}$ powder. Platinum heater and sensor materials were formed on the alumina plate by screen printing method and heat treatment. The effect of UV radiation in the presence of photo catalyst $TiO_{2}$ on the sensor sensitivity, response and recovery time has been investigated. The reduction of operating temperature from $192^{\circ}C$ to $142^{\circ}C$ for hydrogen gas sensing property in presence of UV radiation is attributed to the hydroxy radical and superoxide which was formed at the surface of $TiO_{2}$ under UV radiation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.E1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

The decomposition of gaseous $CH_3CHO$ was investigated by metal loaded $TiO_2$ (pure $TiO_2,\;Pt/TiO_2,\;Pd/TiO_2,\;Mn/TiO_2\;and\;Ag/TiO_2$) with $UV/TiO_2$ process and $UV/TiO_2/O_3$ process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Metal loaded $TiO_2$ was prepared by photodeposition. Decomposition of $CH_3CHO$ was carried out in a flow-type photochemical reaction system using three 10W black light lamps ($300{\sim}400nm$) as a light source. The experimental results showed that the degradation rate of $CH_3CHO$ was increased with Pt and Ag on $TiO_2$ compared to pure $TiO_2$, but decreased with depositing Pd and Mn on pure $TiO_2$. The considerable increase in the degradation efficiency of the $CH_3CHO$ was found by a combination of photocatalysis and ozonation as compared to only by ozonation or photocatalysis. Loading of Pt on $TiO_2$ promoted conversion of gaseous ozone. The degradation rate of gaseous $CH_3CHO$ decreased with an increase of water vapor in the feed stream for the both $UV/TiO_2\;and\;UV/TiO_2/O_3$ processes. The pure $TiO_2$ was more affected by the water vapor than Pt loaded $TiO_2$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2011

This study was done for the preparation of macromolecular material with UV-blocking features by adding the benzophenone group that is commonly used as a UV-absorbent and $TiO_2$ which is known to be a very stable material in chemical and physical aspects. Also, we compared the level of UV absorbency of the polymer produced from polymerization with previous materials and measured basic properties such as water content, refractive index and optical transmittance of produced contact lenses. The results of the measurement showed that the refractive index and water content of the contact lens with added UV-absorbent was 1.430~1.440 and 35.0~45.0% respectively, which was similar to that of previous contact lenses. Also, for optical transmittances of each wave length, contact lenses without the UV-absorbent was 89%, 88% and 89% respectively for UV-A, UV-B and visible light, indicating that the UV transmittance is very high though contrary with cases of contact lenses with added 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone and 2,4-dihydroxy-benzophenone which showed transmittances of 0% and 6% respectively for UV-A and UV-B showing a UV-blocking effect. Meanwhile, contact lenses with added $TiO_2$ showed transmittance of 6% and 51% respectively for UV-A and UV-B also showing a UV-blocking effect. The visible transmittance was 77~89% showing that it satisfies the visible transmittance required for ophthalmological materials.