• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.177-181
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• 2012

Dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) based on $TiO_2$ film photo anode incorporated with different amount of grapheme nanosheet(GNS) are fabricated and their photovoltaic performance are investigated. The $TiO_2$-GNS composite electrode has been prepared by a direct mixing method. The DSSC performance of this composite electrode was measured using N3 dye as a sensitizer. The performance of DSSCs using the $TiO_2$-GNS composite electrodes is dependent on the GNS loading in the electrodes. The results show that the DSSCs incorporating 0.01 wt% GNS in $TiO_2$photo anode demonstrates a maximum power conversion efficiency of 5.73%, 26% higher than that without GNS. The performance improvement is ascribed to increased N3 dye adsorption, the reduction of electron recombination and back transport reaction as well as enhancement of electron transport with the introduction of GNS. The presence of both $TiO_2$(anatase) and GNS has been confirmed by FieldEmission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM). The decrease in recombination due to GNS in DSSCs has been investigated by the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.32.1-32.1
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 질화물계 발광 다이오드의 광추출효율을 향상시키기 위해서 Bi-layer나노 임프린트 리소그래피와 Lift-off 공정을 이용하여 ITO투명전극 층 상부에 TiO2 나노 패턴을 형성하였다. 발광 다이오드의 투명전극 층 상부에 UV 나노 임프린트 리소그래피를 이용하여 주기적인 폴리머 패턴을 형성한 후 폴리머 패턴 상부에 RF magnetron Sputtering 공법을 이용하여 TiO2를 증착하고 Lift-off 공정을 이용하여 TiO2 나노 패턴을 제작하였다. 그 결과를 주사전사 현미경(SEM)으로 확인한 결과 임프린트 스탬프와 동일한 나노 패턴이 질화물 계 발광다이오드 투명 전극층 표면에 주기적으로 형성되었다. TiO2 나노 패턴 형성을 통한 광추출 효율의 향상 효과를 확인하기 위해 Electroluminescence (EL) 측정한 결과 TiO2 나노 패턴이 형성된 발광다이오드 소자의 EL 강도가 나노 패턴이 없는 발광다이오드와 비교하여 12% 정도 향상 되었음을 보였고, 이는 고 굴절율 나노 패턴이 활성층에서 발생된 빛의 산란 효과를 유도하여 빛의 내부 전반사를 감소시킨 결과로 해석된다. 또한 소자의 전기적 특성평가를 위한 I-V 측정결과, TiO2 나노 패턴이 형성된 발광 다이오드의 전기적 성질이 저하되지 않았음을 확인하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.998-1003
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• 1998

$BaTiO_3$ thin film was electrochemically deposited on Ti electrode in a 0.4 M $Ba(OH)_2$ solution of $85^{\circ}C$ using a current pulse waveform. Both $BaTiO_3$ crystallinity and faradaic efficiency for the film formation were enhanced with the increase of cathodic current density and pulse time. Based on the surface analysis and electrochemical studies, it was suggested that, during cathodic pulsed, the surface pH increase due to the reduction of $H_2O$ accelerates the structural changes of Ti oxides which were formed during anodic cycle. Prior to experiments, Ti oxides were intentionally grown in 0.1 M $H_2SO_4$ solution and the effect of initial oxide film thickness on the $BaTiO_3$ film formation was investigated. The migration of $Ti^{+4}$ ions through the oxide film was retarded with the increase of film thickness and it was observed that the crystallization of $BaTiO_3$ was only limited to the defect area of surface oxides.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2016

Textile industry is considered as one of the most polluting sectors in terms of effluent composition and volume of discharge. It is well known that the effluents from textile dying industry contain not only chromatic substances but also large amounts of organic compounds and insolubles. The azo dyes generate huge amount of pollutions among many types of pigments. In general, the electrochemical treatments, separating colors and organic materials by oxidation and reduction on electrode surfaces, are regarded as simpler and faster processes for removal of pollutants compared to other wastewater treatments. In this paper the electrochemical degradation characteristics of dye wastewater containing CI Direct Blue 15 were analyzed. The experiments were performed with various anode materials, such as RuO₂/Ti, PtO₂/Ti, IrO₂/Ti and graphite, with stainless steel for cathode. The optimal anode material was located by changing operating conditions like electrolyte concentration, current density, reaction temperature and initial pH. The degradation efficiency of dye wastewater increased in proportion to the electrolyte concentration and the current density for all anode materials, while the temperature effect was dependent on the kind. The performance orders of anode materials were RuO₂/Ti > PtO₂/Ti > IrO₂/Ti > graphite in acid condition and RuO₂/Ti > IrO₂/Ti > PtO₂/Ti > graphite in neutral and basic conditions. As a result, RuO₂/Ti demonstrated the best performance as an anode material for the electrochemical treatment of dye wastewater.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1010-1018
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• 1993

The titanium oxide thin films were prepared by anodic oxidation. The Photo-electrochemical properties of the electrodes were studied in 1 M NaOH solution. The flat band potentials of $TiO_2$ electrodes prepared by anodic oxidation showed around -0.8V and the values were shifted 0.2V to the positive potential direction that of single crystal $TiO_2$. Reduction potential of oxygen by cyclic voltammetry showed around -0.95V vs. SCE and these reactions were processed totally irreversible. The photocurrent of electrodes were showed shorter wavelength than that of single crystal $TiO_2$ and its current density decreased.

• Solar Energy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 1991

Electrochemical reaction utilizing the semiconducting photoanodes can be applied to the photoelectrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. In this preliminary experiment, $TiO_2$ photoanodes were prepared by sintering anatase-$TiO_2$ powder at $1,250^{\circ}C$ and thermal oxidizing titanium plate at $850^{\circ}C$ in air and oxygen, respectively. Their surface structures were observed by XRD and optical microscope. I-E characteristics of thermally oxidized $TiO_2$ photoanode were also investigated under illuminated and dark conditions using 1 N and 0.1 N NaOH electrolyte solutions.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.150-152
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• 2009

본 연구는 염료감응형 태양전지에 적용되는 TiO2 나노입자를 개선하여 3차원적인 nanobranch를 수열법으로 합성하여 전자의 이동을 향상시키며, 비표면적을 늘려 효율향상을 위하여 전극 구조를 제어하였다. nanobranch의 seed인 nanowire를 XRDd, FE-TEM과 solar simulator를 이용하여 비교 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.85-85
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• 1999

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT)는 높은 유전율로 인해 강유전체 메모리 소자의 응용을 위한 연구가 되고 있으며 또한 전왜(electrostrictive)성을 갖고 있어 이력현상을 갖지 않음으로 최근 들어 미세전기기계소자(MEMS)로의 연구가 활발히 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 MEMS 소자로서의 응용을 위해 저응력 SiNx가 형성된 Si 기판위에 Pt 전극 혹은 산화물 전극 SrRuO3를 갖는 PMN-PT 박막 캐패시터를 제조하였다. 박막 하부의 구조는 금속전극의 경우 Pt/Ti/LTO/SiNx/Si이고 산화물전극은 SrRuO3/Ru/SiNx/Si의 구조를 갖는다. PMN-PT 박막은 alkoxide를 기반으로 회전 coating 방법을 사용하여 박막 하부층의 변화를 주어서 성장시켰다. PMN-PT 용액의 합성은 분말합성법에서 사용하는 columbite 방법을 응용하여 상대적으로 반응정도가 낮은 Mg를 Nb와 우선 반응하여 Mg-Nb solution을 얻고 Pb-acetate 용액과 합성하여 PMN을 제조한 후 PT를 반응시켜서 제조하였다. PMN-PT 박막에서 동일한 공정조건 하에서 박막 하부층의 구조에 따라서 PMN-PT 박막의 조성이 A2B2O6의 조성을 가지는 파이로클러어상이 형성되거나 또는 ABO3인 페로브스카이트상이 형성되는 것을 관찰하였다. 금속 전극인 Pt를 하부전극으로 사용한 경우는 혼재상이 형성되어 패로브스카이드 PMN-PT를 얻기 위해 seed layer로서 PbTiO3를 사용하였으며 이러한 seed layer 위에 형성된 PMN-PT를 형성하는 경우 rutile 구조인 RuO2 위에 성장시킨 PMN-PT는 파이로클로어와 페로브스카이트의 혼재상이 얻어졌으나 pseudo-perovskite 구조인 SrRuO3 박막 위에 형성된 PMN-PT 박막에서는 페로브스카이트가 주된 상으로 얻어졌다. 즉 하부층(전극 또는 seed layer)으로 perovskite 구조를 갖는 박막을 형성하게 되면 페로브스카이트를 갖는 PMN-PT 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. 전기적인 특성은 상부전극으로 Pt를 사용하여 HP 4194A로 측정을 하였다. PT seed layer를 포함한 PMN-PT 박막은 유전상수 1086과 유전손실 2.75%을 가졌다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.51.1-51
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.401-407
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• 1993

The titanium oxide thin films were prepared by air oxidation and water vapor oxidation. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were studied in 1M NaOH solution. The peak potentials of oxygen reduction from cyclic voltammogram techniques were observed at aroung -0.9 ∼ -1.0 V vs. SCE and the reaction was totally irreversible process. The electrochemical properties of titanium dioxide electrodes prepared by water vapor oxidation exhibited different from the air oxidized electrodes, but it was similar to single crystal $TiO_2$. The peak potentials of oxygen reduction were observed at slightly more positive than flat band potentials and depended on pH.