• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.186-198
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors and the degree of nursing college student's clinical practice satisfaction. The sample consisted of 488 nursing students who had been in the clinical practice experience from 6 junior nursing colleges in Korea. Data for this study was collected from 20 May to 20 June, 2000. Data were analysed by SPSS/PC using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and regression. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The highest motive of selecting a nursing science came to be 'having a good prospect for getting a job' (29.3%), major place of the clinical nursing practice was university hospital(46.5%), and the degree of satisfaction about the nursing science was 'relatively satisfied' (43%). 2.The fields that the highest satisfaction of the nursing student's clinical practice were DR(3.25), NR(3.18), ICU(3.11), and OR(3.10). The highest rank of the nursing student's clinical practice satisfaction was 'feels more continuous nursing studying is required after getting a job or pass the RN exam'(4.24). 3. There was significant value between the Grade(2yr, 3yr) and the satisfaction of the clinical practice environment(p<0.001), the clinical practice interpersonal relationship (p<0.001), the clinical practice evaluation (p<0.05), and there was significant value between the satisfaction about the nursing science and the satisfaction of the clinical practice environment(p<0.001), the clinical practice interpersonal relation ship (p<0.05), the satisfation after the clinical practice(p<0.001). 4. There was significant value between 'the opinion of the clinical practice periods' and the satisfaction of the clinical practice place(p<0.05), the clinical practice environment(p<0.001), the clinical practice interpersonal relationship(p<0.001), the satisfation after the clinical practice(p<0.001). 5.The satisfaction of the clinical practice interpersonal relationship influenced on the nursing student's clinical practice satisfaction($R^{2}=.188$). From these results, it is suggested that the higher the satisfaction of the clinical practice interpersonal relationship be like to improve the nursing college student's clinical practice satisfaction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.6039-6046
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• 2015

Aims: To investigate effect of metallic nanoparticles, silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as antitumor treatment in vitro against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and their associated mechanisms. This could provide new class of engineered nanoparticles with desired physicochemical properties and may present newer approaches for therapeutic modalities to breast cancer in women. Materials and Methods: A human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was used as a model of cells. Metallic nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cytotoxic effects of metallic nanoparticles on MCF-7 cells were followed by colorimetric SRB cell viability assays, microscopy, and cellular uptake. Nature of cell death was further investigated by DNA analysis and flow cytometry. Results: Treatment of MCF-7 with different concentrations of 5-10nm diameter of AgNPs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 value of $6.28{\mu}M$, whereas treatment of MCF-7 with different concentrations of 13-15nm diameter of AuNPs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 value of $14.48{\mu}M$. Treatment of cells with a IC50 concentration of AgNPs generated progressive accumulation of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and prevented entry into the M phase. The treatment of cells with IC50 concentrations of AuNPs similarly generated progressive accumulation of cells in sub-G1 and S phase, and inhibited the entrance of cells into the M phase of the cell cycle. DNA fragmentation, as demonstrated by electrophoresis, indicated induction of apoptosis. Conclusions: Our engineered silver nanoparticles effectively inhibit the proliferation of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 in vitro at high concentration ($1000{\mu}M$) through apoptotic mechanisms, and may be a beneficial agent against human carcinoma but further detailed study is still needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to detect expression of genes related to egg production in Taiwan Country chickens by suppression subtractive hybridization. Liver samples of mRNA extraction from two Taiwan Country chicken strains (L2 and B), originated from the same population but with very distinct egg production rates after long-term selection for egg and meat production respectively. Two-way subtraction was performed. The hepatic cDNA from the low egg production chickens (B) was subtracted from the hepatic cDNA from the high egg production strain (L2). The reversed subtraction (L2 from B) was also performed. The resulting differentially expressed gene fragments were cloned and sequenced. We sequenced 288 clones from the forward subtraction and 96 clones from the reverse subtraction. These genes were subjected to further screening to confirm the differential expression between the two genetic breeds of chickens. The apolipoprotein B (apoB) was expressed to a greater extent in the liver of the L2 than in the B line chickens. The 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase (PURH) was expressed to a greater extent in the liver of the B than in the L2 strain chickens. We demonstrated that both apoB and PURH were more highly expressed in the liver than that in other tissues (muscle, ovary, and oviduct) in laying Taiwan Country chickens. Taken together, these data suggest that after the selection for egg production, expression of apoB and PURH genes were also changed. Whether the changed expression of these genes is directly related to egg production is not known, but these two genes may be useful markers for egg laying performance in Taiwan Country chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.366-377
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• 2013

We examined the nutritive value of common grass species in the semi-arid rangelands of Borana in southern Ethiopia using local experience based herbage preference (LEBHP) perception and laboratory techniques. Local pastoralists in the study area were asked to identify common grass species and rank them according to the species' preferences and palatability to cattle. The pastoralists listed a total of 15 common grass species which were then sampled during the main rain and cold dry seasons and analyzed for crude protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and ash content to verify pastoralists' claim regarding the quality of individual species. The relative feed value (RFV) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were also calculated using NDF and ADF contents. Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine possible relationships between laboratory results and pastoralists' experience on grass quality. Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon aucheri, Digitaria milanjiana, Eragrostis papposa and Panicum maximum were the top five species based on LEBHP perception. There were indications of inconsistency in terms of LEBHP perception among the different pastoral communities. The chemical composition of all grass species showed significant (p<0.05) variation between sites, seasons and species. The results showed that the CP values for the Borana rangelands were in the range of 8.7% in the main rain season to 5.1% for the cold dry season. The fiber constituents were relatively low in the main rain season compared to the cold dry season. Overall, Digitaria milanjiana had the highest CP (16.5%) content, while the least was recorded with Heteropogon contortus (10.8) and Aristida adoensis (9.8%) during the main rain season. It seems that the spatial variability of landscapes within the wider geographical regions, soil properties and texture, and land-use patterns probably contributed to site differences in species quality. Generally, the RFV of individual grass species was significantly (p<0.05) varied between and within sites. The ranking of species by pastoralists according to their preferences by cattle was highly correlated with the chemical composition of laboratory results of individual grass species with 'r' values for CP (0.94), ash (0.95), NDF (-0.98), ADF (-0.93) and ADL (-0.93). We suggest the complimentary use of LEBHP and laboratory techniques in evaluating the nutritive quality of rangeland forage species for sustainable animal production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2006

A study was conducted to predict the rumen microbial protein production based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in buffaloes fed a diet of wheat straw and concentrate (40:60) at four fixed levels of feed intake. (95, 80, 60 and 40% of preliminary voluntary feed intake) following experimental protocol of IAEA (Phase I). The buffaloes were allocated according to a $4{\times}4$ latin square design. The urinary allantoin, uric acid, total PD excretion (mmol/d) in treatments L-95, L-80, L-60 and L-40 was 20.13, 16.00, 12.96 and 9.17; 1.88, 2.12, 2.11 and 2.15; 22.01, 18.12, 15.07 and 11.32, respectively and were significantly (p<0.05) different among treatments except for uric acid. The rate of PD excretion (mmol/d) was positively correlated with the digestible organic matter intake. Variations were observed in PD and creatinine concentration in spot samples collected at 6-hour interval. However, daily PD:Creatinine ratio (PDC index) appears to be a reasonably good predictor of microbial-N supply. The contribution of basal purine excretion to total excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was determined in pre-fasting period followed by a fasting period of 6 d (Phase II). Daily PD and creatinine excretion (mmol/kg $W^{0.75}$) during fasting averaged 0.117 and 0.456 respectively for buffaloes. The excretion rates of PD decreased significantly (p<0.01) during fasting compare to pre-fasting period, the urinary creatinine excretion remained almost similar. Except for creatinine, plasma concentration of target parameters significantly (p<0.01) declined during fasting. Likewise, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal clearance of allantoin and uric acid also decreased. Based on the PD excretion rates during fasting and at different levels of feed intake obtained in this study, a relationship between daily urinary PD excretion (Y-mmol) and microbial purine absorption (X-mmol) was developed for buffaloes as Y = 0.74X+0.117 kg $W^{0.75}$. The microbial N supply (g/kg DOMI) remained statistically similar irrespective of dietary treatment. The results showed that excretion of urinary purine derivatives is positively correlated with the levels of feed intake in Murrah buffaloes and thus, estimation of urinary purine derivatives and PDC index could be used to determine microbial nitrogen supply when there is large variation in level of feed intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2006

A 2,656 bp fragment of chicken ghrelin gene was cloned and SNPs were detected by PCR-RFLP and Allele Specific PCR (ASP) in 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and a commercial chicken population. The results showed that there were 23 base variations and an amino acid change ($Gln{\rightarrow}Arg$) in cloned chicken ghrelin gene. Three SNPs were confirmed in 13 populations and associations between this gene and growth traits of Tibetan chicken (TC) and Recessive White chicken (RW) were investigated. The results of haplotype analysis revealed that 26 haplotype genotypes were composed of eight haplotypes. The results of $x^2$ tests indicated that there were significant differences between genotypes or haplotype genotype frequencies in some of the breeds or sexes at 0.05 or 0.01 levels. The results of ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences between genotypes or haplotype genotypes on some growth traits of TC and RW chicken breeds at 0.05 or 0.01 levels. Multiple comparisons showed that there were significant associations between genotype CT at site 71 and some growth traits of two chicken breeds and between genotype AG at site 1,215 and body weight at 16 wk of two chicken breeds, and there was a significant association between haplotype genotype CAA/CAG and body weight and shank girth at 16 wk of two chicken breeds.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.323-332
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• 1997

남부지방의 답전환전에서 나물콩인 은하콩과 광안콩을 5월 15일과 6월 16일의 두 파종기를 두어 명거배수와 지표배수에서 재배하여 이에 대한 생육 및 수량을 알아 본 결과 다음과 같다. 1. 개화기까지의 경장, 마디수, 분지수는 배수처리에 따른 차이는 없었지만 답전환전이 밭보다는 짧거나 적었고, 파종기가 늦을수록 답전환전에서 길거나 많았다. 2. 개화기까지의 줄기 및 뿌리의 생체중은 배수처리에 따른 차이는 없었지만 답전환전이 밭보다는 적었고, 파종기가 늦을수록 은하콩에서 증가하였다. 3. 개화기의 줄기 및 뿌리의 생체중은 수량과 각각 고도의 정의 상관을 나타내었고, 근류수와 근류중도 고도의 정의 상관을 나타내었다. 4. 도복은 배수처리간 차이는 없었으며 5월 15일 파종보다 6월 16일 파종시 심하였고, 은하콩이 광안콩보다 덜 심했다. 5. 협수 및 100립중은 배수처리에 따른 차이는 없었으며, 100립중은 파종기가 늦을수록 은하콩은 무거웠고 광안콩은 가벼워TEk. 균일도는 5.00∼5.60mm에서 배수처리간 차이는 없었지만, 파종기가 은하콩은 늦을수록 낮아지고 광안콩은 높아지는 경향이었다. 6. 수량은 지표배수에서 명거배수보다 높았으며, 은하콩은 6월 16일 파종시에서, 광안콩은 5월 15일 파종시에서 높은 수량을 보였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.327-336
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• 1996

DPE계 제초제(除草劑)인 oxyfluorfen의 생리활성(生理活性)을 내성(耐性)으로 선발되었던 벼 3품종(品種)과 감수성(感受性) 벼 4품종(品種)및 피를 공시하여 oxyfluorfen을 처리 후 항산화제(抗酸化劑) 함량과 GST 활성(活性)으로 조사하였다. 1. 식물자체가 보유하는 vitamin C 함량은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들이 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들이나 피보다 많았다. Vitamin E, carotenoid 및 glutathione(GSH, GSSG, total glutathione) 함량은 내성(耐性)과 감수성(感受性)식물들간에 양적인 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 2. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 vitamin C 함량은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種) Hawon과 Baru에서 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 피보다 감소가 적었다. Oxyfluorfen 처리후 vitamin E 및 GSH 함량은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들이 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들이나 피보다 높았다. 그러나 carotenoid 함량은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들이 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들보다 높았으나, 감수성(感受性)인 피와는 차이가 없었다. 그리고 GSSG 함량은 내성(耐性)과 감수성종(感受性種)들간 차이가 없었다. 3. CDNB 또는 oxyfluorfen을 기질로 사용했을 때 식물 자체가 보유한 GST 활성(活性)은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들이 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들이나 피보다 높았다. 4. Oxyfluorfen 처리후 GST 활성(活性)은 벼에서 유도되지 않았으나, 오히려 피에서는 유도되었다. 또한, 벼의 GST 활성(活性)은 acifluorfen, bifenox 및 oxadiazon 처리에서도 유도되지 않았다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2003

HLR system은 이동전화 망에서 지속적으로 변하는 개별 가입자의 위치 정보를 관리한다. 이를 수행하기 위해, HLR database system은 table 관리 기능과 색인 관리 기능, 그리고 백업 관리 기능을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는, 이동 전화 번호(MDN : Mobile Directory Number)를 위한 적절한 객인 기법으로서 이단계 색인 기법의 사용과, 단말번호(ESN : Electronic Serial Number)를 위한 버켓 연결 해슁 기법을 제안한다. 이동 전화 번호(MDN)와 단말번호(ESN)는 HLR database system에서 key로 사용된다. 또한 HLR database transaction의 특성을 고려한 효율적인 백업 방법을 제안한다. 이단계 색인 기법은 기존의 T 트리 색인 기법보다 검색 속도와 기억 공간 사용 효율 측면에서 우수하다. 버켓 연결 해슁 기법은 기존의 변형된 선형 해슁 기법보다 삽입과 삭제 시의 오버헤드가 적다. 제안한 백업 방법에서는, 빈번한 위치 등록 기능 수행으로 인해 야기되는 성능 저하 문제론 해결하기 위해 두가지 종류의 갱신 플래그를 사용하였다. 100만 가입자 수용시. 제안 기법을 사용하게 되련 기존 기법보다 메모리 사용량 절감(62% 이상), 디렉토리 증가 작업(25만 번 이상)제거, 백업 작업 감소(80% 이상)를 제공받게 된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 1999

먼지응애류인 벼먼지응애(신칭, Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiely 1967)는 쌀생산국인 태국, 필리핀, 중국, 대만 등에서 쌀의 중요한 해충이다. S. spinki가 국내에서 처음으로 환경조절온실에서 재배중인 쌀에서 발견되었다. 응애 피해를 입은 쌀은 이삭에서 기형을 나타내었으며 잎집내부 표면의 갈변증상, 쌀알의 표면 갈변증상 등을 나타내었다. S. spinki암컷의 체장은 263.0$\mu\textrm{m}$(246.5~$284.6\pm$12.2), 체폭은$ 92.4\mu\textrm{m}$(79.5~$104.9\pm$7.6)였으며 전체적인 모양은 난형으로 중앙부위가 가장 폭이 넓었다. 채색은 연한 황색이었다. 다리는 잘 발달되어 있었으며 암컷 제4각 끝은 채찍모양의 강모로 이루어진 전형적인 먼지응애류의 특징을 가지고 있었다. 수컷 체장은 196.5$\mu\textrm{m}$(176.5~222.8$\pm$15.8), 체폭은 109.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ 98.6~$117.7\pm$6.4)였으며 전체적인 모양은 길쭉하고 전동체부 중앙부가 가장 체폭이 넓었다. 내돌기 III은 내돌기 IV보다 전방으로 신장되어 있었다. 제4각퇴절은 커다란 안쪽귀가 발달되어 있었으며 안쪽 및 바깥쪽 강모는 같은 길이로 짧게 잘 발달되어 있었다. 부절 발톱은 강하고 복부쪽으로 굽어 있었다.