• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.702-707
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• 1998

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a microbial enzyme (Roxazyme-$G^{(R)}$), a multicarbohydrases preparation, supplementation to the wheat-based layer diets. Diets were formulated to include different levels of wheat replacing yellow corn on isocaloric and isonitrogenous basis. The energy value of wheat in the enzyme supplemented diets was adjusted (spec-modified) to have 5% more ME than the wheat in diets without enzyme. A total of 864 Hy-$Line^{(R)}$ brown layers were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: 10% wheat (T1), 25% wheat (T2), 25% wheat (spec-modified)+ 0.01 % Roxazyme-$G^{(R)}$ (T3), and all wheat (spec-modified)+0.01% Roxazyme-$G^{(R)}$ (T4). Hen-day egg productions of T1 and T4 were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of T2 but not different from T3. Hen-housed egg production of T4 was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than those of T1 and T3 but not different from T2. Egg weights of T1 and T2 were significantly (p < 0.0 1) greater than that of T4. Feed consumption of T2 was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than other treatments. Feed conversion ratio (feed/egg mass) was not significantly different among treatments. Eggshell thickness of T1 was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than other treatments but ratio of broken eggs was not significantly different among treatments. Haugh unit of T4 was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that of T2. Egg yolk color was significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by treatments in which enzyme treatment potentiated the yolk pigmentation. It was concluded that a multi-carbohydrases supplementation enables complete replacement of yellow com with wheat without loss of productivity and major egg quality parameters.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2007

This study was conducted to compare the bioavailability of two brands of atenolol (50 mg) tablets, which are a generic product of $Ditent^{\circledR}$ (Daewon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Korea) and an innovator product $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ (Hyundai Pharm. Ind. Co., Ltd., Korea), in 20 healthy Korean male volunteers. The volunteers received a single 50 mg dose of each atenolol formulation according to a randomized, two-way cross-over design. The washout period between treatments was 1 week. Plasma samples were obtained over a 24-hour interval, and atenolol concentrations were determined by HPLC with a fluorescence detector. From the plasma atenolol concentration vs. time curves, the following parameters were compared: area under the plasma concentration-time curve ($AUC_{0-24}$), peak plasma concentration ($C_{max}$), time to reach peak plasma concentration ($T_{max}$), and terminal first order elimination half-life ($t_{1/2}$). No statistically significant difference was obtained between the $T_{max}$ values, and the logarithmic transformed $AUC_{0-24}$ and $C_{max}$ values of the two products. The 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the logarithmically transformed AUC and $C_{max}$ values of $Ditent^{\circledR}$ over those of $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ were calculated to be between 0.85 and 1.04, and 0.89 and 1.07, respectively; both were within the bioequivalence limit of 0.80-1.25. The mean of $T_{max}$ in $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ group was 3.1 hour, and that in Ditent$^{\circledR}$ group was 3.2 hour. The values of $t_{1/2}$ between the two products were found comparable, and the mean values were 5.2 hour in the both products. Based on these results, it was concluded that $Ditent^{\circledR}$ was comparable to $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ in both the rate and extent of absorption, indicating that $Ditent^{\circledR}$ was bioequivalent to the reference product, $Tenormin^{\circledR}$.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.260-264
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• 2007

We investigated egg collection and the effects of water temperature (4, 7, 10, 13 and $16^{\circ}C$) on egg development, hatching and larval growth of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus under laboratory conditions. Fertilized eggs were round in shape ($1.01{\pm}0.03\;cm$) and adhesive to nylon nets. Fertilization rate was 68% by wet method. The time of egg development was negatively proportional to water temperature with the range of $4^{\circ}C$ to $13^{\circ}C$. Eggs hatched only at $7^{\circ}C$ after 288 hours of fertilization and $10^{\circ}C$ after 192 hours. Hatching rate was highest as 65% at $7^{\circ}C$ followed by $34.4^{\circ}C$ at $10^{\circ}C$. Survival rate was 18.3% at $7^{\circ}C$ and 5.2% at $10^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.24 no.1_2
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• pp.521-528
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• 2007

We present a new proof of the characterization theorem for Minkowski Pythagorean-hodograph curves in the Minkowski spaces $\mathbf{R}^{n+1,m}$. For an polynomial curves $\mathbf{s}(t)=(x_1(t),...,\;x_{n+m}(t))$, we also find Minkowski Pythagorean-hodograph curves $\mathbf{r}(t)=(x_0(t),\;x_1(t),...,\;x_{n+m}(t))$. In case m=0, Minkowski Pythagorean-hodograph curves become Pythagorean-hodograph curves in the Euclidean spaces $\mathbf{R}^{n+1}$ and Theorems in this paper hold for these Pythagorean-hodograph curves.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.798-803
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• 2014

Cathepsin D (CtsD), an aspartyl peptidase, is involved in apoptosis, resulting in the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria in cells. Here, we investigated microRNA regulation of CtsD expression in 3T3-L1 cells First, we observed the expression of CtsD in cells in response to doxorubicin (Dox). As expected, the level of CtsD mRNA was increased in 3T3-L1 cells exposed to Dox in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular viability of ectopically expressed CtsD cells was also decreased. Next, we used the miRanda program to search for particular microRNA targeting CtsD. MiR-145 was selected as a putative controller for CtsD because miR-145 had a high mirSVR score. In a reporter assay, the luciferase activity of cells containing the CtsD 3'-UTR region was decreased in cells transfected with miR-145 mimic compared to that of a control. The level of CtsD expression was down-regulated in preadipocytes ectopically expressing miR-145 and up-regulated by an miR-145 inhibitor. Cells also suppressed miR-145 expression when exposed to Dox. The miR-145 inhibitor reduced the cellular viability of 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-145 regulates CtsD-mediated cell death in adipocytes. These findings may have valuable implications concerning the molecular mechanism of CtsD-mediated cell death in obesity, suggesting that CtaD could be a useful therapeutic tool for the prevention and treatment of obesity by regulating fat cell numbers.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.579-591
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• 1994

We consider the nonlinear nonautonomous differential system $$(1) x' = f(t,x), x(t_0) = x_0,$$ where $f \in C(R^+ \times R^n, R^n)$ and $R^+ = [0, \infty}$. We assume that the Jacobian matrix $f_x = \partail f/\partial x$ exists and is continuous on $R^+ \times R^n$ and that $f(t,0) \equiv 0$. The symbol $$\mid$\cdot$\mid$$ denotes arbitary norm in $R^n$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1285-1301
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• 2018

In this paper, we mainly consider the determinantal representations of the unique solution and the general solution to the restricted system of quaternion matrix equations $$\{{A_1X=C_1\\XB_2=C_2,}\;{{\mathcal{R}}_r(X){\subseteq}T_1,\;{\mathcal{N}}_r(X){\supseteq}S_1$$, respectively. As an application, we show the determinantal representations of the general solution to the restricted quaternion matrix equation $$AX+Y B=E,\;{\mathcal{R}}_r(X){\subseteq}T_1,\;{\mathcal{N}}_(X){\supseteq}S_1,\;{\mathcal{R}}_l(Y){\subseteq}T_2,\;{\mathcal{N}}_l (Y){\supseteq}S_2$$. The findings of this paper extend some known results in the literature.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.501-505
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• 2005

Immu-Forte composed of chitosan, ${\beta}-glucan$, manno-oligosaccharide and pangamic acid was evaluated for its effectiveness as a nonspecific immunostimulator in mice. The effects of Immu-Forte were determined by analysis of cytokines using ELISA and phenotype of leukocyte subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse leukocyte differentiation antigens and flow cytometry. All T cells, all B cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-r in Immu-Forte A-treated group increased in 1 months posttreatment and were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of control at 1 months posttreatment. All T cells, all B cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages and IL-2 in Immu-Forte EX-treated low and middle dose groups increased in 1 months posttreatment and were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of control at 1 months posttreatment. In the Immu-Forte soybean-treated group, NK cells and IL-4 were significantly higher in middle dose-treated group, and IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-r were significantly higher in low dose-treated group. In the Immu-Forte F-treated group, all T cells, all B cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, NK cells, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-r in high dose-treated group and all T cells, all B cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-r in middle dose-treated group and NK cells, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-r in low dose-treated group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of control at 1 months posttreatment. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that Immu-Forte had an immunostimulatory effect on mice through proliferation and activation of mouse immune cells.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1380-1387
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• 2012

The transmit/receive(T/R) module is a key component in the active phased array system. The brick-type T/R module has been widely used and the miniaturization has been an important factor to get the flexibility of the system configuration. For the miniaturization, multi-function chips(MFC) having a common leg configuration are suitable to reduce the number of required MMICs and a high isolation between transmit and receive paths is necessary for the high gain T/R modules. In this work, we propose a bias timing scheme for the compact T/R module and show the optimum timing based on measurements, in order to improve the feed-back path loop problem and the consequent isolation problem of the common leg configuration. We have implemented high power(7 W/channel) and high T/R gain(35 dB transmit and 30 dB receive gains) within the half size($140{\times}80{\times}16mm^3$) of the conventional T/R modules.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-53
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• 2003

This study was conducted to compare the bioavailability of a generic product of Sinil Atenolol Tablets (Sinil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Korea) with the innovator product, $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablets in 20 healthy Korean volunteers. The volunteers received a single 50 mg dose of each atenolol formulation according to a randomized, two-way crossover design. Plasma samples were obtained over a 24-hour interval, and atenolol concentrations were determined by HPLC with a fluorescence detector. From the plasma atenolol concentration vs time curves, the following parameters were compared: area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), peak plasma concentration $(C_{max})$, time to reach peak plasma concentration $(T_{max})$, and terminal first order elimination half-life $(t_{1/2})$. No statistically significant difference was obtained between the $T_{max}$ values, and the logarithmic transformed AUC and $C_{max}$ values of the two products. The 90% confidence for the ratio of the logarithmically transformed AUC and $C_{max}$ values of Sinil Atenolol Tablets over those of $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablets were calculated to be between 0.99 and 1.07, and 1.04 and 1.16, respectively; both were within the bioequivalence limit of 0.80-1.25. The mean of $T_{max}$ in $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablet group was 3.68 hour, and that in Sinil Atenolol Tablet group was 3.65 hour. The values of $t_{1/2}$ between the two products were found comparable, and the mean $t_{1/2}$ values of $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablets and Sinil Atenolol Tablets were 5.9 and 6.0 hour, respectively. Based on these results, it was concluded that Sinil Atenolol Tablets were comparable to $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablets in both the rate and extent of absorption, indicating that Sinil Atenolol Tablets were bioequivalent to the reference product, $Tenormin^{\circledR}$ Tablets