• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 2005

This study was carried out to find out how space allowance affect the social behavior of Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) steers. Twelve Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) steers were used as subjects, each of which was 30-month-old and observation period was from June to July 2003. Five (T1) and seven (T2) steers were allotted to two pens of $5m{\times}10m$ in a building with slate roof and open sides respectively. They were fed at 09:00 h and 16:00 h, twice a day. The behaviors of steers were recorded from 06:00 h to 17:00 h, using two color CCD cameras (Samsung SDC-411, Korea), one B/W CCD cameras (Samsung SBC-340, Korea), one multiplexer (Samsung SDM-081, Korea) and a time lapse VCR (Samsung SRV-30, Korea). The behaviors of each steer were recorded every 2 min using an instantaneous point sampling method. While the mean percentage of time budget in WA of T1 was lower than that of T2 (p<0.05), the mean percentage of time budget in SF of T1 was higher than that of T2 (p<0.05). When it gets hot, steers in T1 rested from 10:00 h to 14:00 h when it gets cool, showing 40~80% of LD rate while steers in T2 rested from 12:00 h, when it very hot to 17:00 h, showing 20~50% of LD rate, which is relatively low. Steers in T1 were fed from 06:00 h to 08:00 h when it was cool and from 16:00 h to 18:00 h, showing 20~45% of EA rate while steers in T2 were fed from 08:00 h to 14:00 h when it was hot, showing 25~50% of EA rate. In conclusion, it turned out that the number of steers affected their social behavior, and T1 was better environment than T2 in terms of welfare.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2012

In this study, experiment on phosphorus removal was performed by using microbubble liquid film flotation tank with microbubble module. After dissolving gas and liquid in dissolving tank, microbubble liquid film system created microbubbles in equal size under fixed low pressure. After being passed through $A_2O$ and m-$O_3$ process, secondary treatment wastewater was used as influent in phosphorus removal process. When the T-P concentration of influent was 2.89 mg/L, alum(8%, 30 mg/L) was injected into a microbubble flotation tank, the treatment resulted 94% of T-P removal rate. Remaining T-P concentration was less than 0.2 mg/L, which is in accord with the effluent quality standard. Seasonal variations in water temperature showed no differences in T-P removal property. When the inflow concentration of SS was 1.0 mg/L or more, it served as coagulation nuclei in the coagulation process. In that condition, average T-P removal rate was higher than 97%. When 50% of floated scum was returned, coagulator Al included in scum assisted the injected coagulator and maximized the coagulation efficiency of pollutant. In such treatment, the T-P concentration was measured as 0.18 mg/L and satisfied the outflow water quality standard, which is 0.2 mg/L or less.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 2008

This study was carried out to compare the textural properties of crab-flavored sausage manufactured with six different formulations. We prepared crab-flavored sausage from Alaska pollack surimi as a control by the washing method, and various mixtures of surimi and chicken breast meat were manufactured (pH 11.0) with 33.33% chicken breast meat (CBM) (T1), 50% CBM (T2), 66.66% CBM (T3), 100% CBM (T4) and 20% commercial mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) (T5). Brittleness, gumminess, chewiness, breaking force, gel strength, jelly strength, sensory flavor. texture, and overall acceptability were significantly lower in the formulations containing chicken meat in proportion to the % CBM (p<0.05). However, cohesiveness and springiness were significantly higher in the formulations containing chicken meat in proportion to the amount of CBM (p<0.05). Folding test and deformation values were significantly lower in the surimi manufactured with CBM at pH 11.0. although T5 showed no significant differences relative to the control. Overall, these results indicate that similar textural properties in the crab-flavored sausage were attained when surimi was prepared with 20% CBM and MDCM.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.444-448
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• 2018

From January 2 to December 30, 2017, out of 691 children diagnosed with dermatophytoses infection, 179 children had infections caused by Trichophyton among the total 13,093 patients who visited the Dermatology department. According to a survey, the patients included 317 adolescents, 203 elementary school age children, and 171 infants. In seasonal variation, the diagnosis was higher in summer (195 cases, 28%) and winter (191, 28%) and comparatively lower in spring (165, 24%) and autumn (140, 20%). The infection among the patients was caused by, from maximum to minimum, T. pedis (351, 51%), T. corporis (91, 13%), and T. unguinum (77, 11%). In all age groups, the highest number of patients were infected with T. pedis. After T. pedis, in descending order, the infection was caused by T. corporis, T. unguinum, T. manus and Tinea capitis in the infants and elementary school age children and by T. corporis, T. unguinum and T. cruris in adolescents. Among infections caused by Trichophyton, T. rubrum was the highest isolated causative agent. This data analysis confirmed the distribution of dermatophytoses and the different species according to paediatric age and will aid the study of paediatric dermatomycosis through continuous research.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.113-125
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of low feeding level of concentrate after sexual maturity(14 month old) on the growing and breeding performances in Hanwoo cows. Eighteen cows(average body wt. 251kg) were alloted to two groups by completely randomized design, and fed a commercial formula feed by 0.8%(T1) and 1.2%(T2) of body weight for 30 months of total experimental period(feeding trial of 20 months, breeding trial of 10 months). When the results of this experiment compared to the Korean feeding standard for Hanwoo(2012), the reason of low growing performance in T1 was induced from low protein intake rather than energy. The change of body size by feeding levels was significantly appeared at chest width and body length, particularly chest width of cows in T1 was rather reduced by 3.7% in the final than the initial measurement. Ovarian size of T1 was only 63% of T2, and pregnancy rate(33.3% : 77.8%) and birth wight of calf(22.5kg : 29.5kg) were also seriously repressed by low intake of dietary protein after sexual maturity in Hanwoo cow. It was appeared that the growing and breeding performances of Hanwoo cows were more affected by the level of dietary protein rather than energy in the feeding after sexual maturity.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2001

Objective: Atrophy and a high T2 signal of the hippocampus are known to be the principal MR imaging findings of hippocampal sclerosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not individual MRI findings correlate with surgical outcome in patients with this condition. Materials and Methods: Preoperative MR imaging findings in 57 consecutive patients with pathologically-proven hippocampal sclerosis who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy and were followed-up for 24 months or more were retrospectively reviewed, and the results were compared with the postsurgical outcome (Engel classification). The MR images included routine sagittal T1-weighted and axial T2-weighted spin-echo images, and oblique coronal T1-weighted 3D gradient-echo and T2-weighted 2D fast spin-echo images obtained on either a 1.5 T or 1.0 T unit. The images were visually evaluated by two neuroradiologists blinded to the outcome; their focus was the presence or absence of atrophy and a high T2 hippocampal signal. Results: Hippocampal atrophy was seen in 96% of cases (55/57) [100% (53/53) of the good outcome group (Engel class I and II), and 50% (2/4) of the poor outcome group (class III and IV)]. A high T2 hippocampal signal was seen in 61% of cases (35/57) [62% (33/53) of the good outcome group and 50% (2/4) of the poor outcome group]. All 35 patients with a high T2 signal had hippocampal atrophy. 'Normal' hippocampus, as revealed by MR imaging, occurred in 4% of patients (2/57), both of whom showed a poor outcome (Engel class III). The presence or absence of hippocampal atrophy correlated well with surgical outcome (p<0.01). High T2 signal intensity did not, however, significantly correlate with surgical outcome (p>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with a high T2 hippocampal signal, hippocampal atrophy is more common and correlates better with surgical outcome. For the prediction of this, it thus appears to be the more useful indicator.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.397-408
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• 2003

This study was conducted to examine the feeding effects of FFWBG (fermented feedstuff with wet brewer’s grain) and GS(grinding soybean) in Hanwoo steers. For this research, total twenty steers(average body weight : 455.7$\pm$25.9kg) were grouped into control(formula feed), T1(formula feed:FFWBG=60:40), T2(formula feed:GS=80:20), T3(formula feed:FFWBG:GS=50:40:10), and T4(formula feed: FFWBG:GS=40:40:20), each treatment was allocated to four steers. There was a tendency to be increased average daily gain in T1, T2, T3 and T4 compared with the control even though no statistical significance was found. The feed conversion of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were beneficially better than that of control(P<0.05; 8.25, 9.44, 6.69 and 7.71 vs 11.90, respectively). The blood urea nitrogen concentration of T4 was higher than that of control(P<0.05), but the creatinine concentration of T4 was lower than that of control(P<0.05). The glucose concentration of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were higher than that of control(P<0.05; 59.39, 62.44, 62.17 and 54.00 vs 51.00mg/$d\ell$, respectively). The back-fat thickness of T3 was thicker than that of control, T1, T2 and T4. The rib-eye area of T1, T3 and T4 was wider than that of control. Appearances percentage of ‘A’ ranked meat quantity were 66, 33, 75 and 33% in control, T1, T2 and T4, respectively.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.411-419
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• 2010

Korean mistletoe has a variety of biological effects, such as immunoadjuvant activities. This study investigates the effects of Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L. var. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) on human T lymphocytes to determine whether VCA acts as an immunomodulator. Purified human T-lymphocytes were cultured with VCA and RNA from each point was analyzed using Affymetrix human genome chips containing 22,500 probe sets which represents more than 18,000 transcripts derived from 14,500 human genes. As a result, there was a striking upregulation of genes coding for chemokines. Seventeen genes out of 50 coding for proteins with chemokine activity were upregulated including CXCL9 and IL-8 which are related to the treatment of cancer. In addition, 28 cytokine genes were upregulated including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-$\gamma$, and TNF-$\alpha$. Taken together, the data suggest that Korean mistletoe lectin, in parallel with European mistletoe, has an ability to modulate human T cell function.

• Architectural research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

In today's building industry the emphasis has been geared more towards construction, thus building maintenance and life cycle have been neglected until now. A direct result of this neglect is the rapid aging of building, which leads to more cost-effective decision making methods for the prolongation of building life span. The following study is conducted in the area of Daegu and Seoul in order to develop the estimation analysis method of the annual operation cost of the Korean high-rise condominiums for the cost-effective decision making support through mathematical and statistical analyses including the present value and standardized measurement corrections. Based on the assumption that the life expectancy of the high rise condominium is 50 years, initial cost is ￦421,212/$m^2$, and a total sum of yearly operation cost during life expectancy is ￦2,154,499//$m^2$), yearly accumulated operation cost is shown as below: $AOC=0.7097t^4-38.803t^3+806.95t^2+11045t-496.52$ ($R^2=0.98$) (Here, AOC = Accumulated Operation Cost, t = given years)

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.49-61
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• 2003

This study is a process of developing experimental Korean image fashion items that can appeal to the younger generation. The sample models are focused on jeans and T-shirts. This project had two goals. First, giving chance to the students of Konkuk-University of producing fashion items adopting Korean image in university venture company. Second, contributing to Korean image fashion market if the items have been proved to have competitive power through the market of Konkuk-University and it's cooperated company. The research is restricted within ornament techniques of Korean traditional dress and its ornament's element, they are patchwork wrapping-cloth(Chokakbo), embroidery, gold and silver foil on cloths, and transcription. Such Korean image elements are graphic patterned as 30 jeans and 50 T-shirts and eventually evaluated by 100 university students majoring in garments. The evaluation scale contains repletion of Korean image, possibility of market, and preference. Through this process, 6 jeans and 7 T-shirts were produced.