• 제목/요약/키워드: $TGF-{\beta}3$

검색결과 404건 처리시간 0.029초

익모초(益母草) 추출물이 뇌허혈 흰쥐의 뇌혈류량 및 사이토카인에 미치는 효과 (Effects of LEONURI HERBA Extract on the Cerebral Blood Flow and Cytokines in Cerebral Ischemic Rats)

  • 배인태;최찬헌;윤대환;김형우;김경윤;윤영제;정현우
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.611-616
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    • 2007
  • The study was designed to investigate the effects of Leonuri herba extract (LHE) on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBT and cytokines production (IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$) in ischemic rats. The results were as follows : The rCBF was significantly and stably increased by LHE (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood at 1 hr after middle cerebral arterial occlusion, experimental group (LHE 10 mg/kg treated group) was significantly decreased IL-l${\beta}$ production, and increased TGF-${\beta}$ production compared with control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood at 1 hr after reperfusion, experimental group was significantly decreased IL-1${\beta}$ production compared with control group. IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}$ production of sample group were significantly increased compared with control group. These results suggested that LHE was significantly and stably increased regional cerebral blood flow by inhibited IL-1${\beta}$ production, and accelerated IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}$ production.

Lipoteichoic Acid Suppresses Effector T Cells Induced by Staphylococcus aureus-Pulsed Dendritic Cells

  • Son, Young Min;Song, Ki-Duk;Park, Sung-Moo;Han, Seung Hyun;Yun, Cheol-Heui
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제23권7호
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    • pp.1023-1030
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    • 2013
  • Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), uniquely expressed on gram-positive bacteria, is recognized by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on not only antigen-presenting cells but also activated T cells. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that LTA is acting on T cells. However, little is known about the effect of LTA on T-cell regulation. In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of LTA on $CD4^+$ T cells. Effector $CD4^+$ T cells, induced after co-culture with S. aureus-pulsed dendritic cells, produced high levels of interferon-${\gamma}$, CD25, CD69, and TLRs 2 and 4. When effector $CD4^+$ T cells were treated with LTA, the expressions of the membrane-bound form of transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}$ and forkhead box P3 increased. Coincidently, the proliferation of effector $CD4^+$ T cells was declined after LTA treatment. When TGF-${\beta}$ signaling was blocked by the TGF-${\beta}$ receptor 1 kinase inhibitor, LTA failed to suppress the proliferation of effector $CD4^+$ T cells. Therefore, the present results suggest that LTA suppresses the activity of effector $CD4^+$ T cells by enhancing TGF-${\beta}$ production.

Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Methylates Smurf2

  • Cha, Boksik;Park, Yaerin;Hwang, Byul Nim;Kim, So-young;Jho, Eek-hoon
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제38권8호
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    • pp.723-728
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    • 2015
  • Smurf2, a member of the HECT domain E3 ligase family, is well known for its role as a negative regulator of TGF-${\beta}$ signaling by targeting Smads and TGF-${\beta}$ receptor. However, the regulatory mechanism of Smurf2 has not been elucidated. Arginine methylation is a type of post-translational modification that produces monomethylated or dimethylated arginine residues. In this report, we demonstrated methylation of Smurf2 by PRMT1. In vitro methylation assay showed that Smurf2, not Smurf1, was methylated by PRMT1. Among the type I PRMT family, only PRMT1 showed activity for Smurf2. Transiently expressed Smurf2 was methylated by PRMT1, indicating Smurf2 is a novel substrate of PRMT1. Using deletion constructs, methylation sites were shown to be located within amino acid region 224-298 of Smurf2. In vitro methylation assay following point mutation of putative methylation sites confirmed the presence of Arg232, Arg234, Arg237, and Arg239. Knockdown of PRMT1 resulted in increased Smurf2 expression as well as inhibition of TGF-${\beta}$-mediated reporter activity. Although it is unclear whether or not increased Smurf2 expression can be directly attributed to lack of methylation of arginine residues, our results suggest that methylation by PRMT1 may regulate Smurf2 stability and control TGF-${\beta}$ signaling.

오과다가 쥐의 폐섬유화 모델의 치료에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Okwada on the Lung Fibrosis Mouse Model)

  • 이해자
    • 대한한방소아과학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.233-240
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    • 2009
  • Objectives To evaluate that Okwada affected which factors for treatment of lung fibrosis. Methods Bleomycin induced lung fibrosis model made in mice. After Okwada lyophilized, power sample obtained and melt in distilled water. Okwada solution administered mice through oral route on 21 days after bleomycin instillation and this procedure performed once a day for 7 days. We divided by three groups; normal (control), bleomycin induced lung fibrosis without treatment (experimental), bleomycin induced lung fibrosis with treatment (treatment). On six weeks after bleomycin instillation, mice sacrificed and removed lung. Weperformed Western blot analysis for TGF-beta, phosphodiesterase 5A, interleukin (4,5,13) and compared therapeutic effects of Okwada. Results On western blot analysis, all normal and experimental mice detected TGF-beta, phosphodiesterase 5A, interleukin 4,5,13. The amount of band of TGF-beta, phosphodiesterase 5A, interleukin 5 in experimental and treatment group was similar. However, interleukin 4,13 of treatment group decreased compared with experimental group. Conclusions Okwada would be effected the lung fibrosis through suppression of interleukin 4,13.

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Experimental Murine Fascioliasis Derives Early Immune Suppression with Increased Levels of TGF-${\beta}$ and IL-4

  • Chung, Joon-Yong;Bae, Young-An;Yun, Doo-Hee;Yang, Hyun-Jong;Kong, Yoon
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.301-308
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    • 2012
  • In fascioliasis, T-helper 2 (Th2) responses predominate, while little is known regarding early immune phenomenon. We herein analyzed early immunophenotype changes of BALB/c, C57BL/6, and C3H/He mice experimentally infected with 5 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae. A remarkable expansion of $CD19^+$ B cells was observed as early as week 1 post-infection while $CD4^+/CD8^+$ T cells were down-regulated. Accumulation of $Mac1^+$ cells with time after infection correlated well with splenomegaly of all mice strains tested. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ mRNA in splenocytes significantly decreased while that of IL-4 up-regulated. IL-$1{\beta}$ expression was down-modulated in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, but not in C3H/He. Serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}$ were considerably elevated in all mice during 3 weeks of infection period. These collective results suggest that experimental murine fascioliasis might derive immune suppression with elevated levels of TGF-${\beta}$ and IL-4 during the early stages of infection.

임실지역 젖소 초유로부터 분리한 TGF-β 함유 유청 단백질의 면역활성 (Immunological Activity of Bovine Colostral Whey Protein Containing TGF-β from Imsil Province)

  • 양희선;오현희;최희영;박종혁;김경희;오전희;정후길
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.339-345
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    • 2012
  • 분만 후 3일 이내에 분비되는 임실 지역의 젖소 초유에서 유청 단백질을 효율적으로 분리하고 RAW 264.7 세포의 증식 및 면역활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험에 사용한 초유의 유청 단백질 g당 TGF-${\beta}1$은 875 pg/mL,TGF-${\beta}2$는 6,600 pg/mL이었으며 실험에 사용한 초유 유청 단백질 내 총 TGF-${\beta}$의 양은 7,475 pg/mL이었다. RAW264.7 세포에 대한 초유 유청 단백질 첨가에 따른 세포증식 정도를 알아본 결과 10 mg/mL의 농도까지는 세포성장을 유도하였으나 20 mg/mL 이상의 농도에서는 세포성장을 억제하였다. 이에 RAW 264.7 세포에서의 초유 유청 단백질의 면역관련 실험에 사용할 농도는 최대 10 mg/mL까지로 결정하였다. RAW 264.7 세포에 초유 유청 단백질(0-10 mg/mL)과 LPS(1 ${\mu}g/mL$)를 차례로 반응시키고 NO생성량을 측정한 결과 초유 유청 단백질이 농도 의존적으로 NO의 생성을 억제하였다. 또한 LPS 자극에 의한 염증성 사이토카인(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6)이 생성되는 과정에서 초유 유청 단백질의 효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과, LPS를 단독으로 첨가했을 때 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6의 농도가 모두 증가하였으나 초유 유청 단백질을 첨가한 경우에는 염증성 사이토카인의 생성이 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 초유 유청 단백질에 의해 NO를 비롯한 염증성 사이토카인의 생성이 억제되는 것이 heme oxygenase-1의 발현과 관련하는지 알아보고자 초유 유청 단백질을 농도별(0-10 mg/mL)로 처리하여 heme oxygenase-1의 발현여부를 측정한 결과 대조군과 비교하여 3-4배 이상의 발현 증가를 보였다. 이상의 결과들로 미루어보아 LPS로 자극된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 TGF-${\beta}$ 등을 함유한 초유 유청 단백질은 10 mg/mL 이하의 농도에서 농도 의존적으로heme oxygenase-1의 발현을 유도하여 염증성 사이토카인인 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 및 NO의 생성을 억제하는 것으로 판단되었다.

Increased α2-6 sialylation of endometrial cells contributes to the development of endometriosis

  • Choi, Hee-Jin;Chung, Tae-Wook;Choi, Hee-Jung;Han, Jung Ho;Choi, Jung-Hye;Kim, Cheorl-Ho;Ha, Ki-Tae
    • Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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    • 제50권12호
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    • pp.9.1-9.12
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    • 2018
  • Endometriosis is a disease characterized by implants of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and is strongly associated with infertility. Focal adhesion of endometrial tissue to the peritoneum is an indication of incipient endometriosis. In this study, we examined the effect of various cytokines that are known to be involved in the pathology of endometriosis on endometrial cell adhesion. Among the investigated cytokines, transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) increased adhesion of endometrial cells to the mesothelium through induction of ${\alpha}2-6$ sialylation. The expression levels of ${\beta}$-galactoside ${\alpha}2-6$ sialyltransferase (ST6Gal) 1 and ST6Gal2 were increased through activation of $TGF-{\beta}RI/SMAD2/3$ signaling in endometrial cells. In addition, we discovered that terminal sialic acid glycan epitopes of endometrial cells engage with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-9 expressed on mesothelial cell surfaces. Interestingly, in an in vivo mouse endometriosis model, inhibition of endogenous sialic acid binding by a $NeuAc{\alpha}2-6Gal{\beta}1$-4GlcNAc injection diminished $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced formation of endometriosis lesions. Based on these results, we suggest that increased sialylation of endometrial cells by $TGF-{\beta}1$ promotes the attachment of endometrium to the peritoneum, encouraging endometriosis outbreaks.

The Effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) on Proliferation of MCF-7 and Hec-1B Cell Lines

  • Ryu, Y.H.;Seo, D.S.;Ko, Y.
    • 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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    • pp.94-94
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    • 2003
  • Endocrine disrupters (EDs) are exogenous chemicals that interfere with the production, releasing, metabolism, excretion, binding of natural hormones, and whole endocrine systems. EDs are very dangerous since they are extremely stable, not easily degraded, and accumulated in fat and tissue. 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known as the most toxic EDs. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of TCDD on proliferation of human breast cancer (MCF-7) and endometrial adenocarcinoma (Hec-1B) cells. 10, 100, and 1000 nM of TCDD were treated with steroid free condition. Viable cell counting, MTT, and BrdU assay was performed to investigate cell proliferation. Apoptosis was investigated using DNA laddering. Although, DNA fragmentation as the evidence of apoptosis was not detected, all of these cell lines showed restricted proliferation at 48 hrs after 100 and 1000 nM TCDD treatments. Recently, it has been reported that the expression of transforming growth factor $\beta$s (TGF-$\beta$s) are increased in TCDD treatment and also involved in regulation of cell cycle. Therefore, these results were considered that the decreased cell prolifcration by TCDD is related to the expression of TGF-$\beta$s.

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퇴행성 관절염에 대한 독활.승마 복합처방의 대사조절을 통한 연골보호 효과 (The Effect of Aralia Cordata Thunb and Cimicifuga Heracleifolia on Cartilage Protection by the Regulation of Metabolism in Human Osteoarthric Chondrocytes)

  • 신예지;백용현;박동석;김재규;고형균
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.39-53
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    • 2010
  • 목적 : 퇴행성 관절염은 염증성 사이토카인인 IL-$1\beta$에 의해 연골관절이 파괴되고 이로 인해 염증성 사이토카인이 더욱 증가하는 질환이다. 퇴행성 관절염을 치료하기 위해서는 연골 파괴를 가속화시키는 catabolic cytokines의 활성을 줄이고, 성장인자인 anabolic factor의 활성을 증가시는 연골 보호 작용이 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 독활 승마 처방(OAH19T)이 catabolic/anabolic 대사 조절에 어떤 영향을 미치는지와 그 신호 전달 기전에 대해 연구하였다. 또한 OAH19T를 구성하는 단미재 및 임상에서 사용되는 COX-2 inhibitor인 Celebrex(CEL)와 효능을 비교 실험하였다. 방법 : 배양된 세포에 IL-$1\beta$로 자극한 후 (1) glycosaminoglycan(GAG)의 분해 억제 정도, (2) OAH19T와 CEL에 대하여 MMP-1과 MMP-3의 유전자 발현 및 활성 억제, (3) Aggrecan 및 Aggrecanases의 유전자 발현 및 활성 억제, (4) OAH19T의 growth factor의 조절 능력, (5) MAPK pathway 등을 RT-PCR(reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction), ELISA(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), western blot, viability 측정을 통해 검증했다. 결과 : 사람 관절 세포에서 (1) 독활 승마 각각의 단미재, 임상에서 사용중인 셀레콕시브(CEL), 조인스보다 실험 약물(OAH19T)이 저농도에서 GAG 분해 억제 효과가 우수하였고, 부탄올로 분획한 OAH19B와는 동등한 효과를 보였다. (2) OAH19T는 IL-$1\beta$에 의하여 활성화된 MMP-1과 MMP-3의 발현을 모두 억제하였으나, CEL은 MMP-1의 발현은 억제하였으나 MMP-3의 발현은 억제하지 못하였다. (3) OAH19T는 IL-$1\beta$에 의하여 손상된 Aggrecan을 회복시켰으며 이는 활성화된 Aggrecanase-1과 Aggrecanase-2를 억제시킴으로써 나타난 결과이다. 그러나 CEL의 경우, 손상된 Aggrecan을 회복시키지 못하였다. (4) 배양된 세포는 IL-$1\beta$에 의하여 TGF-$\beta$II및 TGF-$\beta$ receptor II의 발현이 억제되었으나, OAH19T는 TGF-$\beta$II및 TGF-$\beta$ receptor II의 발현을 회복시켜 OAH19T가 anabolic한 조절능력이 있음을 시사한다. 그러나 CEL의 경우 growth factor에 대한 조절 능력이 없었다. (5) 대사 조절 작용에 대한 기전으로서 MAPK pathway에 대해서 연구한 결과 IL-$1\beta$에 의하여 유도된 pERK, pp38 kinase의 활성은 억제하였고, pJNK의 활성은 변하지 않았다. 또한 OAH19T는 연골 세포에 독성이 없었으며 IL-$1\beta$에 의해 유도된 세포 증식만을 억제시켰다. 이 결과로, OAH19T가 OA chondrocyte의 탈분화 및 세포 고사를 억제하여 연골보호 및 회복 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : OAH19T는 이를 구성하는 단미재 및 CEL보다 연골보호 효과가 월등하였고, 이러한 연골보호 효과는 catabolic cytokines/growth factors의 균형으로 대사조절을 통해 연골세포의 탈분화 및 세포 고사를 억제하여 연골보호 및 회복 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

문주란의 모발 성장기 유도 기전 (The Mechanism of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum on the Activation of Anagen)

  • 강정일;최주환;이종건;유은숙;김영호;강희경
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제48권2호
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    • pp.148-154
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    • 2017
  • Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum and its active component, norgalanthamine have been reported to have hair growth-promoting effect via the proliferation of dermal papilla cells. In this study, we investigated the other mechanisms of C. asiaticum extract var. japonicum and norgalanthamine on the hair growth. The C. asiaticum var. japonicum extract inhibited $5{\alpha}$-reductase activity by 16%, which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a main cause of androgenetic alopecia, whereas the C. asiaticum var. japonicum extract didn't function as an opener of the $K_{ATP}$ channel. On the other hand, we examined whether norgalanthamine can inhibit transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$) signal pathway, which is essential in the regression induction of hair growth. Norgalanthamine inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 on TGF-${\beta}1$-induced canonical pathway in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. These results suggested that the C. asiaticum var. japonicum extract and norgalanthamine had the potential to influence hair growth through the inhibition of $5{\alpha}$-reductase activity and TGF-${\beta}1$-induced canonical pathway.