• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.334-347
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• 2008

Background and Objective : Haeyeol-tang, composed of Houttuyniae Herba, Lonicerae Flos, Taraxaci Herba, and Scrophulariae Radix, is widely used for alleviating the symptom of various kinds of inflammatory pulmonary disease, including asthma and COPD. We want to know whether Haeyeol-tang has an anti-inflammatory effect by analyzing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Materials and Methods : We differentiated the THP-1 cells into macrophage-like cells by treatment with PMA. Inflammation was induced by treatment with LPS and PMA. We found the safe concentration of Haeyeol-tang by using MTS assay and used PD98059 as a negative control for comparison of anti-inflammatory effect of Haeyeol-tang. Results : The RT-PCR analysis results show that the cell survival rate is over 100% within 1 ng/mL to 1 ug/mL of Haeyeol-tang and begins to decrease under 100% at 10 ug/mL. The gene expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $TGF-{\beta}$ levels were down-regulated when Haeyeol-tang was treated at concentrations between 1 ng/mL an 1 ug/mL on monocyte-derived macrophages. Interestingly, 1 ug/mL Haeyeol-tang-treated samples showed that the transcriptional activities of IL-8, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-10 and $TGF-{\beta}$ were more down-regulated than those of PD098059 $(TNF-{\alpha}$ inhibitor). At protein level, the ELISA analysis results showed that there were more remarkable (p<0.001) decreases in expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ on both the 1 ug/mL Haeyeol-tang-treated group and the PD98059-treated group than the LPS-treated group. Conclusion : We conclude that Haeyeol-tang has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines at mRNA and protein levels. These results may provide us a promising way to care for general inflammatory diseases as well as inflammatory pulmonary disease, including asthma and COPD, with further clinical study.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.170-174
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• 2014

This study evaluated the efficacy of soluble canine small intestinal submucosa gel in comparison to bovine thrombin in activating rabbit platelet rich plasma (PRP) by detecting growth factors. PRP from rabbits was activated by using soluble canine SIS gel, bovine thrombin, or both. The surface morphology of each group of samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The release of transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ from each set of samples was measured over 7 days using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The PRP-canine SIS gel group exhibited the highest total amount of released TGF-${\beta}1$. However, there were no significant differences between any groups. The use of soluble type of canine SIS gel could be an effective alternative to bovine thrombin.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.152-166
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• 2002

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine whether Hominis Placenta(HP) aqua-acupuncture exerts renoprotective effect on diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin(STZ) in rats. Methods : In order to study the renoprotective effect of HP aqua-acupuncture, experimental animals were divided into 5 groups and treated for 2 weeks as follows: control group was injected subcutaneously by saline aqua-acupuncture into Sinsu(BL23) in STZ induced diabetic rats, 5% HP aqua-acupuncture group was injected subcutaneously by 5% HP aqua-acupuncture into Sinsu(BL23) in STZ induced diabetic rats, 10% HP aqua-acupuncture group was injected subcutaneously by 10% HP aqua-acupuncture into Sinsu(BL23) in STZ induced diabetic rats, normal group was injected subcutaneously by saline aqua-acupuncture into Sinsu(BL23) in normal rats, and Captopril group was administrated with captopril at a dose of 50mg/kg in STZ induced diabetic rats. Results : While HP aqua-acupuncture did not reduce any body weight, index of kidney hypertrophy, the plasma glucose concentration and BUN respectively, HP aqua-acupuncture showed lowering urinary albumin excretion rate and serum creatinine as compared with the control group. Gene and protein expressions of $TGF-{\beta}1$ and fibronectin in kidney, one of the extracellular matrix proteins were investigated. There were significant differences in expression levels in HP aqua-acupuncture group as compared with the control group, and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of HP depressed apoptosis, showing in a dose dependent manner. In the HE staining, HP aqua-acupuncture inhibited the injury of glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule. Conclusions : HP aqua-acupuncture showed the renoprotective effect possibly through suppressions of $TGF-{\beta}1$ and fibronectin expressions in kidney.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2004

NDM hair tonic is composed of several plant extracts which are known to be used in oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of NDM hair tonic on hair regrowth in an alopecia model of C57BL6 mice. Hair of six-weeks old mice were trimmed by electric clippers and electric shavers, so as not to damage the skin. The next day, mice without visible scraches were selected, randomized and separated in groups of 6 mice. There were four experimental groups including saline (negative control), 50% ethanol (vehicle control), 3% minoxidil (MXD), and NDM tonic. The test compounds were topically treated with 0.15 $m\ell$ per mouse per day for 2 weeks. The hair regrowth was determined photographically and histologically and the quantity of endocrine factors, IGF-1 and TGF-$\beta$, in the skin of mice was measured by PCR. No clinical signs were found in all animals. The topical treatment of NDM tonic for 2 weeks to dorsal skin accelerated hair regrowth faster than either the controls or MXD treatment. The NDM tonic treatment also promoted hair follicle development and elongation as compared with the controls or MXD treatment. Both NDM tonic and MXD treatment significantly increased the expression of IGF-1 and TGF-$\beta$ in the skin of C57BL6 mice as compared with the controls (p<0.05). These results suggest that NDM tonic has a hair growth activity and be useful for the treatment of baldness or alopecia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.334-340
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• 2017

Wound healing is the restoration in injured skin tissue and one of the most important therapeutic targets. The process consists of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. There have been reported multiple factors that accelerate and delay wound healing. In this study we tested the hypothesis that Sophorae Radix extract would improve the recovery of wound healing after full-thickness skin wound in rats. Twenty young male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the studies. A full-thickness skin wound was made on the dorsal skin of the rats. Either Sophorae Radix water extract (SR) or saline (Control) was orally administrated every day. The wound area was measured and the percentages of wound contraction, wound healed and wound epithelization were evaluated. After 15 days, the skin tissues were excised and examined by histopathological and immunohistochemistrical method. In results, wound area in SR group was significantly decreased to compared with Control. SR group showed the significant enhancements in the percentages of wound contraction, wound healed and wound epithelization. Histopathological examination revealed that SR induces neo-vascularization potential in wound healing process. SR treatment in rats significantly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in the angiogenesis process by increasing VEGF and TGF-${\beta}1$ synthesis. These results suggest that Sophorae Radix enhance skin wound repair by increasing the angiogenic agents such as VEGF and TGF-${\beta}1$.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2006

Future cell-based therapies such as tissue engineering will benefit from a source of autogenous pluripotent stem cells. There are embryonic stem cells (ESC) and autologous adult stem cells, two general types of stem cells potentilally useful for these applications. But practical use of ESC is limited due to potential problems of cell regulation and ethical considerations. To get bone marrow stem cells is relatively burden to patients because of pain, anesthesia requirement. The ideal stem cells are required of such as the following advantages: easy to obtain, minimal patient discomfort and a capability of yielding enough cell numbers. Adipose autologus tissue taken from intraoral fatty pad or abdomen may represent such a source. Our study designed to demonstrate the ability of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hATSC) from human abdominal adipose tissue diffentiating into osteocyte and adipocyte under culture in vitro conditions. As a result of experiment, we identified stromal cell derived adipose tissue has the multilineage potentiality under appropriate culture conditions. And the adipose stromal cells expressed several mesenchymal stem cell related antigen (CD29, CD44) reactions. Secondary, we compared the culture results of a group of hATSC stimulated with TGF-${\beta}$1, bFGF with a hATSC group without growth factors to confirm whether cytokines have a important role of the proliferation in osteogenic differentiation. The role of cytokines such as TGF-${\beta}$1, bFGF increased hATSC's osteogenic differentiation especially when TGF-${\beta}$1 and bFGF were used together. These results suggest that adipose stromal cells with growth factors could be efficiently available for cell-based bone regeneration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.518-528
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• 1995

The immunohistochemical study has been performed on the distribution of receptors for various growth factors in the newly forming granulation tissues following the guided tissue regeneration procedures. Two specimens from 2 different patients were collected from the newly forming granulation tissues at 2 weeks following GTR procedures using Gore-tex menbrane and rubber dam, respectively. For immunohistochemical localization of each recptor, anti-platelet-derived growth factor $receptor-{\alpha}$, anti-platelet-derived growth factor $receptor-{\beta}$. anti-insulin-like growth factor receptor, anti-basic fibroblast growth factor receptor, anti-transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ receptor and anti-fibronectin receptor were incubated onto the specimens as primary antibodies. After the reaction, FITC-conjugated second antibodies have been applied. When the total numbers of immunoreactive cells and the true positive cells were counted, there were high variability among receptors tested in the present study. The mean number of immunoreactive cells were highest in the case for anti-IFG-1 receptor. However the number of true positive cells were highest in the case for $TGF-{\beta}$ receptor. The present investigation indicated that the receptor for $TGF-{\beta}$ were stongly expressed in the newly forming granulation tissues following the guided tissue regeneration therapy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.23.1-23.11
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• 2020

Background: 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) is able to increase angiogenesis. However, its molecular mechanism in the human endothelial cells has not been clarified. Methods: As endothelial cells are important in angiogenesis, we treated the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 4HR and investigated protein expressional changes by immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC) using 96 antisera. Results: Here, we found that 4HR upregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, RAF-B/ERK and p38 signaling, and M2 macrophage polarization pathways. 4HR also increased expression of caspases and subsequent cellular apoptosis. Mechanistically, 4HR increased TGF-β1 production and subsequent activation of SMADs/VEGFs, RAF-B/ERK and p38 signaling, and M2 macrophage polarization. Conclusion: Collectively, 4HR activates TGF-β/SMAD/VEGF signaling in endothelial cells and induced vascular regeneration and remodeling for wound healing.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2010

Purpose: Although radiation-induced fibrosis is one of the common sequelae occurring after irradiation of skin and soft tissues, the treatment methods are not well standardized. This study aimed to establish the skin fibrosis mouse model by fractionated radiation for the further mechanism studies or testing the efficacy of therapeutic candidates. Materials and Methods: The right hind limbs of BALB/c mice received two fractions of 20 Gy using a therapeutic linear accelerator. Early skin damages were scored and tissue fibrosis was assessed by the measurement of a leg extension. Morphological changes were assessed by H&E staining and by Masson's Trichrome staining. TGF-${\beta}1$ expression from soft tissues was also detected by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Results: Two fractions of 20 Gy irradiation were demonstrated as being enough to induce early skin damage effects such as erythema, mild skin dryness, dry and wet desquamation within several weeks of radiation. After 13 weeks of irradiation, the average radiation-induced leg contraction was $11.1{\pm}6.2mm$. Morphologic changes in irradiated skin biopsies exhibited disorganized collagen and extracellular matrix fibers, as well as the accumulation of myofibroblasts compared to the non-irradiated skin. Moreover, TGF-${\beta}1$ expression in tissue was increased by radiation. Conclusion: These results show that two fractions of 20 Gy irradiation can induce skin fibrosis in BALB/c mice accompanied by other common characteristics of skin damages. This animal model can be a useful tool for studying skin fibrosis induced by radiation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.48-63
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• 2010

Objectives: Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan (Yan Nian Yi Shou Gu Ben Dan 延年益壽固本丹) is composed of 11 herbs (Polygoni Mutiflori Radix, Lycii Radicis Cortex, Polia, Rehmanniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Asparagi Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Lycii Fructus, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Angelicae Acutiloba Radix, and Pini Folium) based on Yonryunggobon-dan (Yan Ling Gu Ben Dan 延齡固本丹) and Yonnyuniksoobulrho-dan (Yan Nian Yi Shou Bu Lao Dan 延年益壽不老丹). This study evaluated hair growth promoting effect of Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan on the shaved C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan was treated by oral administration (Sample I) and oral administration plus skin application (Sample II) once a day for 12 days. Hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period. Hair growth cycle related factors (EGF, TGF-${\beta}1$) and vascular factors (VEGF, iNOS) were also determined with immunohistochemistry. Results: 1. On gross observation of hair regrowth, Sample I and Sample II groups demonstrated acceleration of hair regrowth. 2. The hair regrowth index of the Sample I group increased significantly from 7 days (P<0.05) to 12 days (P<0.01) after the shave while that of the Sample II group significantly increased at 12 days (P<0.05). 3. On histological observation, both Sample I and Sample II groups demonstrated histological improvement and increases of number and diameter of the hair follicles. 4. EGF expressions on the root sheath of hair follicles were up-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. 5. TGF-${\beta}1$ expressions on the root sheath of hair follicles were not regulated in Sample I or Sample II groups. 6. VEGF expressions in the surrounding tissues of hair follicles were up-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. 7. iNOS expressions in the surrounding tissues of hair follicles were down-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan has hair growth-promoting activity and these effects relate to up-regulations of EGF and VEFG expressions and down-regulations of TGF-${\beta}1$ and iNOS expressions on hair roots.