• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 1969

The newly developed diagnostic method with application of $^{113}Sn-^{113m}In$ cow system ($^{113}Sn:\;T\frac{1}{2}$ 118 days, $^{113m}In:\;T\frac{1}{2}$ 1.7 hrs, 390 Kev, Single ${\gamma}$) has the remarkable advantages such as increased diagnostic ability by single large dose administration of $^{113m}In$ with no subsequent radiation hazard and shortened examining time. We reformed the research of following scope with the use of developed $^{113}Sn-^{113m}In$ cow (25 mCi) generator: The sizes of particles produced under various conditions were investigated, and possibility for application to the scannings of various organs such as brain, liver, lung, bone marrow and blood pool etc. were studied. Results: $^{113m}InCl_3$ solution eluted from diluted HCl solution (pH 1.5) passed through $^{113}Sn-^{113m}In$ generator, and there can be produced various sized particles of colloidal indium. And there observed the state of distribution of $^{113m}In$ in each organ which showed many differences according to the particle sizes of colloidal indium. The results are stated as follows: 1. The adjustment of pH is the most important factor in making the desirable particle size of colloidal indium. The colloid for blood pool showed the highest level as 7.1%/gm blood, at pH 1.7, the colloid of pH 3.5 for liver scanning showed the highest level, 88.4%, in the liver, the colloid pH 6 showed the highest level, 3.1%, in the spleen, and the colloid of pH 11.0 showed the highest level, 85.3%/gm, in the lung. 2. The colloid for liver scanning made with NaCl-NaOH system showed the highest liver uptake at pH 7.2, and at either higher or lower pH than 7.2 showed decrease of liver uptake more or less. 3. The activity of $^{113m}In$ eluted through $^{113}Sn-^{113m}In$ generator indicated over 90% in the initial 4 ml, and particularly 88.1%-86.0% in the initial 2 ml. 4. The incubation time, tempertaure and mechanical irritation related to colloid formation and coating of colloid were not the definite condition of influence.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.1135-1138
• /
• 2009

Hollow Sn and Pb nanoparticles have been prepared by a rapid injection of an aqueous solution of $SnCl_2$- poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, surfactant) and $Pb(OAc)_2${\cdot}$3H_2O-PVP$ into an aqueous solution of sodium borohydride (reducing agent) in simple, one-pot reaction at room temperature under an argon atmosphere, respectively. The two hollow nanoparticles have been fully characterized by TEM, HRTEM, SAED, XRD, and EDX analyses. Upon exposure to air, the black Pb hollow nanoparticles are gradually transformed into a mixture of Pb, litharge (tetragonal PbO), massicot (orthorhombic PbO), and $Pb_5O_8$. The order and speed of mixing of the reactants between the metal precursor-PVP and the reductant solutions and stoichiometry of all the reactants are crucial factors for the formation of the two hollow nanocrystals. The Sn and Pb hollow nanoparticles were produced only when 1:(1.5-2) and 1:3 ratios of the Sn and Pb precursors to $NaBH_4$ were employed with a rapid injection, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.29 no.1 s.139
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to produce the high quality of electromagnetic wave shielding fabrics. In this study, we have produced polyester fabrics by electroless Ag plating. The untreated polyester was etched with $4\%$ NaOH solution added accelerant(Benzyl Dimethyl Dodecyl Ammonium Chloride) then it was catalyzed by $SnCl_2$ solution and activated by $PdCl_2$ solution. Electroless Ag plating was carried out by changing conditions such as temperature. time, weight loss rate of polyester and kind of reducing agents. The electromagnetic wave shielding effectiveness of polyester fabric by electroless Ag plating was measured by RF Impedance Analyzer and element of electromagnetic wave shielding substance was measured using Electron probe micro analyzer. The results were as follows; The plating bath using potassium sodium tartrate by reducing agent was excellent electromagnetic wave shielding effectiveness. Element of electromagnetic wave shielding substance was silver. Electromagnetic wave shielding effectiveness was shown over 64dB at the temperature of $40^{\circ}C$, treating time 30min., weight loss rate $20\%$.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.215-224
• /
• 2001

Cotton was etched in 15% NaOH solution at $90^{\circ}C$ for 15 min in order to give good wettability. Then it was catalyzed and accelerated by using $PdC1_2$-$SnCl_2$ solution and 10% $_2$$SO_4$, respectively. Uniform deposits on cotton were obtained when it was electroless copper deposited in pH 10.5 solution at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and Ni-Fe-P deposited in solutions of pH 11 at$ 75^{\circ}C$. The latter deposit has a chemical composition similar to that of permalloy.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.655-659
• /
• 2012

This study elucidates the COD removal of dye (Rhodamine B) through electrochemical reaction. Effects of current density (7.2 to 43.3 $mA/cm^2$), electrolyte type (NaCl, KCl, $Na_2SO_4$, HCl), electrolyte concentration (0.5 to 2.0 g/L), air flow rate (0 to 4 L/min) and pH (3 to 11) on the COD removal of Rhodamine B were investigated. The observed results showed that the increase of pH decrease the COD removal efficiency. Whereas, the increase of current density;NaCl concentration and air flow rate caused the increase of the COD removal of Rhodamine B.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 1972

We have studied about the optimum chemical etching and sensitizing conditions of the plating on plastics. As specimen 'Mitzubishi Nobren MM2A' was used. The results were as follow. 1) The optimum chemical etching conditions. Etched the specimens for $10{\sim}40$ minutes at $70{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ with the etching solution of table 1, and for $10{\sim}15$ minutes at $65{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ with the etching solution of table 2 Table 1. Etching solution (I) Composition : $H_2SO_4(95%)-Component : 250 ml, Composition : $H_3PO_4(85%)$ - Component : 75ml, Composition : $K_2Cr_2O_7$ - Component : 12.5g, 2) The optimum sensitizing conditions. Sensitized the specimens for $60{\sim}90$ seconds at $25^{\circ}C$ with the sensitizing solution of table 3 Table 2. Etching solution (II) Composition : $H_2SO_4(95%)$ - Component : 22.5ml, Composition : $H_3PO_4(85%)$ - Component : 15ml, Composition : $CrO_3$ - Component : 105g, Composition : Water - Component : 150 ml, Table 3. Sensitizing solution Composition : $SnCl_2$ - Component : 9g, Composition : HCl(35%) - Component : 36ml, Composition : Water - Component : 300 ml

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.974-978
• /
• 2012

The effect of Cu coating on the sensing properties of nano $SnO_2:Cu$ based sensors for the $CH_4$, $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas was studied. This work was focussed on investigating the change of sensitivity of nano $SnO_2:Cu$ based sensors for $CH_4$, $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas by Cu coating. Nano sized $SnO_2$ powders were prepared by solution reduction method using stannous chloride($SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$), hydrazine($N_2H_2$) and NaOH and subsequent heat treatment. XRD patterns showed that nano $SnO_2$ powders with rutile structure were grown with (110), (101), (211) dominant peak. The particle size of nano $SnO_2:Cu$ powders at 8 wt% Cu was about 50 nm. $SnO_2$ particles were found to contain many pores, according to SEM analysis. The sensitivity of nano $SnO_2:Cu$ based sensors was measured for 5 ppm $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas at room temperature by comparing the resistance in air with that in target gases. The sensitivity for both $CH_4$ and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gases was improved by Cu coating on the nano $SnO_2$ surface. The response time and recovery time of the $SnO_2:Cu$ gas sensors for the $CH_4$ and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gases were 18~20 seconds, and 13~15 seconds, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.579-584
• /
• 1996

The molecular weight of the purified nucleoside oxidase estimated by gel filtration column chromatography was 480,000 and the enzyme protein was composed of four nonidentical subunits (81,000, 69,000, 32,000 and 16,000). On the basis of the visible absorption spectra and the enzymatic determination of the purified enzyme, the enzyme was supposed as a hemoprotein and also a flavoprotein containing 3 moles of FAD per I mole of enzyme. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was pH 5.1. Addition of metal salts such as 1 mM SnCl$_{2}$ and PbCl$_{2}$ into an enzyme reaction solution inhibited the enzyme activity by 94 and 90%, respectively. The enzyme activity was also lost significantly by hemoenzyme inhibitors such as NaCN and NaN$_{3}$ and flavoenzyme inhibitor, acriflavine and quinacrine. The maximal nucleoside oxidase activity was observed at pH 7.0 and 55$\circ$C. The nucleoside oxidase was relatively stable in the range of pH 5.5-9.0 and below 55$\circ$C.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2002

CdS and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were made by the precipitation method and sol-gel method, respectively, and they were mixed mechanically and then treated with the hydrothermal processing. CdS-$TiO_2$ composite particulate films were thus prepared by casting CdS-$TiO_2$ mixed sol onto $SnO_2$ conducting glass and a subsequent heat-treatment at $400^{\circ}C$. Again, the physico-chemical and photoelectrochemical properties of these films were controlled by the surface treatment with $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution. The photocurrents and the hydrogen production rates measured under the present experimental conditions varied in the range of $3.5{\sim}4.5mA/cm^2$ and $0.3{\sim}1.8cc/cm^2$-hr, respectively, and showed the maximum values at the $CdS/[CdS+TiO_2]$ mole ratio of 0.2. Also, the surface treatment with $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution caused a considerable improvement in the photocatalytic activity, Probably as a result of close contacts between the primary particles by the etching effect of $TiCl_4$ It was found that the photoelectrochemical performance of these particulate films could be effectively enhanced by this approach.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.224-232
• /
• 2002

CdS-$TiO_2$ nano-composite sol was prepared by the sol-gel method in organic solvents at room temperature and further hydrothermal treatment at various temperatures to control the physical properties of the primary particles. Again, CdS-$TiO_2$ composite particulate films were made by casting CdS-$TiO_2$ sols onto $F:SnO_2$ conducting glass and then heat-treatment at $400^{\circ}C$. Physical properties of these 61ms were further controlled by the surface treatment with $TiCl_4$, aqueous solution. The photo currents and hydrogen production rates measured under the experimental conditions varied according to the $CdS/[CdS+TiO_2]$ mole ratio and the mixed-sol preparation method. For $CdS-TiO_2$ composite sols prepared in IPA, CdS particles were homogeneously surrounded by $TiO_2$ particles. Also, the surface treatment with $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution caused a considerable improvement in the photocatalytic activity, probably as a result of close contacts between the primary particles by the etching effect of $TiCl_4$. It was found that the photoelectrochemical performance of these particulate films could be effectively enhanced by this approach.