• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.118-132
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• 2003

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Joksamni(ST36) combination on NAD PH-diaphorase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS), neuropeptide Y(NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the cerebral cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rat. Methods: The experimental groups were divided into four groups: Normal, Joksamni(ST36), Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9), and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11). Needles were inserted into acupoints at the depth of 0.5cm with basic insertion method. Electroacupuncture was done under the condition of 2Hz electrical biphasic pulses with continuous rectangular wave lasting for 0.2ms until the muscles produced visible contractions. Such stimulation was applied continuously for 10 minutes, 1 time every 2 days for 10 sessions of treatments. Thereafter we evaluated changes in NADPH-d positive neurons histochemically and changes in nNOS, NPY and VIP positive neurons immunohistochemically. Results: The optical densities of NADPH-d positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group in all areas of cerebral cortex and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group in primary somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, auditory cortex, perirhinal cortex were significantly increased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of NADPH-d positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group with the exception of primary somatosensory cortex. The optical densities of nNOS positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group in all areas of cerebral cortex and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group in auditory cortex, perirhinal cortex, insular cortex were significantly increased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of nNOS positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in all areas of cerebral cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group. The optical densities of NPY positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex as compared to the Joksamni (ST36) and Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) groups. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group were significantly increased in all areas of cerebral cortex except for cingulate cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in auditory cortex, cingulate cortex, perirhinal cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in all areas of cerebral cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group. Conclusions: The result demonstrated that electroacupuncture on Joksamni(ST36) and its combination change the activities of the NO system and peptidergic system in the cerebral cortex of SHR and that acupoint combination is one of the important parameters for the effects.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.166-175
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• 2016

Objectives : This article examines whether 'Samni', which appears 62 times in Dongui-Bogam: Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine, means Joksamni(ST36) or Susamni(LI10). Methods : After searching the sentences which include 'Samni' in Dongui-Bogam using Medical Classics Database, we checked the original reference of them to find clues to identification of Samni. As for the statements not identified by the original reference nor by Dongui-Bogam, we judged the meaning of Samni by comparing diseases of the statements with those of Joksamni or Susamni's treatment area. Acupoints used together with Samni were also taken into account. Results : Out of 52 statements, Samni in 25 statements turned out to be Joksamni after tracing the reference; 6 statements mention stomach, and 4 statements treat Samni as an acupoint of stomach meridian; in 12 statements, diseases belong to Joksamni's treatment area. Samni of the remaining 5 statements also seem to be Joksamni since the diseases of the statements are similar to those of Joksamni. It implies that Joksamni's treatment area has expanded over time. Conclusions : All Samni in Dongui-Bogam is Joksamni.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2004

Objectives and methods : To study on the anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of Herbal-acupuncture with Sinomenii acuti Lignum infusion solution(SAL-HAS), we injected Sinomenii acuti Lignum infusion solution into Joksamni$(ST_{36})$ of C57BL/6 mouse which is corresponding to human Joksamni(ST36). We observed its effect on the number of $CD25^+/CD4^+,\;CD8^+/CD3e^+,\;CD69^+/B220^+,\;NK1.1^+/CD3e^+$ cells in mouse PBMCs(peripheral blood mononuclear cells), the number of the pulmonary colony, and the effect on MST(mean survival time) and ILS(increase in MST over control) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. Results and Conclusions : 1. The spleen cells proliferation of the sample groups treated with SAL-HAS extract has increased significantly compared with that of the control group. 2. The percentage of the $CD25^+/CD4^+,\;CD8^+/CD3e^+,\;CD69^+/B220^+,\;NK1.1^+/CD3e^+$ cells in C57BL/6 mouse PBMCs of the sample groups treated with SAL-HAS has increased compared with that of the control group. 3. The pulmonary colony number of the sample groups SAL-HAS has decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. 4. MST and ILS of the sample groups SAL-HAS have increased significantly compared with those of the control group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

Background : Recently, so many people are suffered from the allergic or auto-immune disease, and the representative disease is just Allergic Asthma. It is because human immune function has been decreased. Many treatments were done to treat this disease, and many methods were studied to increase immune function and to suppress the asthma. But, the effect of asthma-suppression and improvement of immune response of EH-HA(Ephedrae Herba Herbal Acupuncture) has not been studied in detail. To study the effects of EH-HA, we injected EH-HA at Joksamni(ST36) of C57BL/6 mice. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of asthma-suppression and improvement of immune response of EH-HA(Ephedrae Herba Herbal Acupuncture). EH-HA was done at Joksamni(ST36) of the mice with ovalbumin-induced asthma. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks. Two experimental groups were treated with different concentrations(1%, 0.1%) of EH-HA at Joksamni(ST36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The lung weight of the group treated with EH-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. The total cells in lung, total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the group treated with EH-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 3. Eosinophils in BALF of the group treated with EH-HA in photomicrographs decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 4. The concentrations of IL-13, IgE, IL-4 in serum and IL-4 in BALF of the group treated with EH-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 5. The numbers of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+\;cells,\;CD3e^-/CCR3^+\;cells,\;CD4^+\;cells,\;CD8^+\;cells,\;CD3e^+/CD69^+\;cells\;and\;IgE^+/B220^+\;cells$ in lung of the group treated with EH-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 6. In RT-PCR, the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in the group treated with EH-HA decreased compared with those of control group. Conclusion : These results suggested that EH-HA at Joksamni(ST36) in C57BL/6mice may be effective to OVA-induced asthma of C57BL/6 mice.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.3 s.21
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Asthma-depression and Immunoregulation with PR-HAS(Herbal-acupuncture with Platycodi Radix infusion solution) infection at Joksamni(St36) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The experimental group(OVA-PR-HA) was treated with concentrations(1%) of PR-HAS at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). The second experimental group(OVA-Needle prick) was treated with Needle-Prick at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The weight and total cells in the mice lung treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased remarkably compared with those of control group. 3. The sticking of collagen on histological analysis of lung sections, the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 5. The number of Gr-1+/CD11b+ and CD11b+ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 6. The numbers of CCR3+ cells, CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells in the lungs, and CD3e+/CD69+ in the lungs of the mice group treated with PA-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 7. The mRNA expression of ${\beta}$-actin, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the mice group treated with PR-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with those of control group. Conclusions : These result suggests that Platycodi Radix Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) in C57BL/6mice may be an effictive part to OVA-induced asthma in C57BL/6 mice.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.61-74
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Asthma-depression and Immunoregulation with PR-HAS(Herbal-acupuncture with Platycodi Radix infusion solution) injection at Joksamni(St36) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The experimental group(OVA-PR-HA) wase treated with concentrations(1%) of PR-HAS at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). The second experimental group(OVA-Needle prick) was treated with Needle-Prick at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The weight and total cells in the mice lung treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased remarkably compared with those of control group. 3. The sticking of collagen on histological analysis of lung sections, the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 5. The number of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+\;and\;CD11b^+$ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 6. The numbers of $CCR3^+\;cells,\;CD4^+\;cells\;and\;CD8^+\;cells$ in the lungs, and $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 7. The mRNA expression of ${\beta}-actin,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5,IL-13 in the mice group treated with PR-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with those of control group. Conclusion : The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. The number of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+\;and\;CD11b^+$ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. The numbers of $CCR3^+\;cells,\;CD4^+\;cells\;and\;CD8^+\;cells$ in the lungs, and $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. The mRNA expression of ${\beta}-actin,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the mice group treated with PR-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with those of control group. These result suggests that Platycodi Radix Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) in C57BL/6mice may be an effictive part to OVA-induced asthma in C57BL/6 mice.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.119-135
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the Asthma-suppressive and Immune-regulatory effect of AF-HA(Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture) at Joksamni(St36) in OVA(ovalbumin) induced asthma mouse model. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The mice in the OVA-AF-HA group were treated with AF-HA at St36 for the later 8weeks(3times/week). The mice in the OVA-Needle-prick group were treated with single prick with an injection needle at St36 for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The lung weight and the total cells in lung of the mice treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased remarkably compared with those of the OVA-control group. 3. The collagen accumulation in lung of OVA-AF-HA group decreased significantly compared with that of the OVA-control group, 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 5. The numbers of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+\;and\;CD11b^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 6. The numbers of $CCR3^+,\;CD4^+,\;CD8^+\;and \;CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at 5136 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 7. The mRNA expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL13 in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) may be an effictive therapeutic method to treat asthma.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.195-207
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to observe the suppressive effect of Asthma and Immune response improvement of FF(Farfarae Flos) Herbal-acupuncture into Joksamni(ST36) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks. Experimental group was treated with concentration (1%) of FF-HA at Joksamni(ST36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results: 1. The weight and total cells in the mice lung treated with FF-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with FF-HA decreased remarkably compared with those of control group. 3. The sticking of collagen on histological analysis of lung sections, the mice group treated with FF-HA decreased significantly compared with those of Control group. 4. The concentrations of IgE, IL-4, IL-5 in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with FF-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group 5. The number of Gr-l+/CDllb+, CDll+ cells, CCR3+ cells, CD4+ cells, and CD3e+/CD69+ in the lungs of the mice group treated with FF-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 6. The mRNA expression of TNF-a, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the mice group treated with FF-HA with RT-PCR decreased remarkably compared with those of control group. Conclusion : These result suggests that Farfarae Flos Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(ST36) in C57BL/6mice may be an effective part to OVA-induced asthma in C57BL/6 mice.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.700-703
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• 2009

The present study investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) can alleviate hypertension and concomitant disorders such as decreased kidney weight and elevation of serum creatinine in spontaneous hypertensive rats. EA (2 Hz, 3 mA, 10 min) was applied to Joksamni (ST36) once daily for 7 days. Body weight, blood pressure and heart rate were measured on Day 0, 2, 6, 8, 10 and 12, and kidney weight and serum creatinine levels were examined after sacrifice (on Day 12 after last examination). In the ST36 group, the blood pressure were significantly decreased from 6thdays and its effects lasted up to Day12 (up to 5days after cessation of acupuncture), compared to control. And, significant decreases of the heart rates after EA at ST36 were also observed on Day 2, 6, and 8. However, there were no significant differences in daily body weight, kidney weight and serum creatinine between acupuncture and control group. These results showed that EA at ST36 caused anti-hypertension by decreasing blood pressure and heart rates in spontaneous hypertenstive rats, although it failed to alleviate concomitant disorders such as the decreased kidney weight and elevation of serum creatinine shown in hypertensive rats.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a difference in acupuncture sensation depending on the bee venom pharmacopunctures. The study was designed to identify the intrinsic acupuncture sensation of the bee venom pharmacopunctures compared to saline. Methods Bee venom,(BV), Sweet bee venom(SBV), and normal saline were injected in order to the left of ST36 (Joksamni), ST37 (Sang-geoheo), right ST36 (Joksamni), ST37 (Sanggeoheo) each. The order of insertion of the BV, SBV, and normal saline was randomly assigned using a computerized random number table. The questionnaire used in this study was based on the Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Scale (MASS). Results : BV and SBV was statistically significantly higher than saline in soreness, aching, distention, sharp pain and itchiness. Above this, BV was statistically significantly higher than saline in tingling and throbbing. And SBV was statistically significantly higher than saline in warmth. BV was statistically significantly higher than SBV in ichiness. Conclusion. BV and SBV were mainly strong, heavy, and gave a sharp feeling to the subjects. The results of the study can be used as references for future bee venom pharmacopunctures use. In addition, the results of the study can be used as basic data for clinical trials using bee venom pharmacopunctures.