• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 2015

This study was conducted to reduce contamination ratio of oyster mushroom bottle cultivation. The optimal conditions of substrate sterilization for reducing of contamination ratio were at $121^{\circ}C$ for 90 min. In addition, UV-C irradiation is good for lower contamination ratio to continue over 6 hours at cooling and inoculation room after sterilization. The contamination ratio and density of microorganisms of substrate were showed 0% after sterilization at $121^{\circ}C$ for 90 min. Trichoderma sp., main pathogen of mushrooms, was detected from substrate after sterilized during 2 or 4 hours at $101^{\circ}C$ and $105^{\circ}C$, respectively. The amount of electricity used was the lowest at $121^{\circ}C$ for 90 min than that of other sterilization conditions. The UV-C irradiation treatment was used UV-C lamp(40 watts) in the inoculation room($56m^3$). The density of bacteria did not detected after UV-C irradiation for 6 hours. And the death ratio of bacteria and Trichoderma sp. was 99.9% after UV-C irradiation for 6 hours. However, in the same UV-C irradiation time, the death ration of Cladosporium sp. was 90.9%. Therefore, the death ratio of fungi was lower than that of bacteria at the same UV-C irradiation treatment.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1997

Using the PCR(polymerase chain reaction method), gone 1 of phage K11 coding for K11 phage RNA polymerase has been cloned and expressed under the control of lac promoter. K11 phage RNA polymerase was conventionally purified through the DEAE-sephacel and Affigel blue column chromatographies. The 0.2-0.3 M $NH_4Cl$ fractions of DAEA-sephacel column chromatography showed K11 phage RNA polymerase activity and further purification with Affigel blue column chromatography showed nearly single protein band on SDS-polyacryl amide gel. K11 phage RNA polymerase, which is one of the T7 group phage RNA polymerase (E. coil phage T7, T3 and Salmonella tyhimurium phage SP6 RNA polymerase), shares high degrees of homology with the other T7 group phage RNA polymerase. Previously we constructed T7 and SP6 promoter variants and revealed promoter specificity of T7 and SP6 RNA polymerase (Lee and Kang, 1993). To investigate the promoter specificity of K11 RNA polymerase in vitro K11 promoter activity was measured with SP6 promoter variants. The SP6 promoter variant share highest degrees of sequence homology with K11 promoter sequence show strongest promoter activity.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.200-210
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• 2007

Phytoplankton community was investigated in Asan Bay, South Korea. Samples were collected at 5 stations along Asan Bay axis during wet season from June to August, 2006. In June and July, salinity decreased especially at inside stations. Nutrients were high in June and July, however, decreased in August. We observed the community of phytoplankton including diatoms(62.8%), dinoflagellates(17.3%), cryptophytes(14.8%), euglenophytes(1.0%), cyanophytes (0.9%), chlorophytes(0.4%), and some of unidentified taxa(2.8%) during summer 2006 in Asan Bay. In June, dinoflagellates (mainly Prorocentrum sp.(29.6%)) were dominated, accounting for about 43.5% of total cell number, whereas in July and August diatoms (mainly Leptocylindrus sp.(21.4%), Chaetoceros sp.(27.6%)) were dominated occupying 69.1% and 89.9%, respectively. The results suggest that freshwater inputs affected phytoplankton community in the Asan Bay ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.531-536
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• 2009

A urease-positive bacterium isolated from sea water was identified as Photobacterium sp. by morphological, biochemical, and 16s rRNA gene analyses and named Photobacterium sp. strain HA-2. 2.0-fold increase enzyme activity was observed in LB medium containing 3% NaCl and 0.1% urea or not and the enzyme activity was 16.0-fold lower compared to urease-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus AQ4673 strain when grown in the LB medium containing 3% NaCl with 0.1% urea. The cloning and sequencing of Photobacterium sp. strain HA-2 urease gene cluster is currently being analyzed in our laboratory.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2003

The mortality of wild mullet, Mugil cephalus was detected in Kwang- Yang bay on February, 2002. The mullet were infected with Myxobolus sp., the cysts of Myxobolus sp. were found in the mesentery, liver, gill and pharyngeal pocket. The histological findings suggested a systemic infection by the Myxobolus sp.. The spores were measured 10-12 (10.9)${\mu}m$ in length, 9-10 (9.4) ${\mu}m$ in width, 6.4-7.2 (6.8) ${\mu}m$ in thickness, with polar capsules of 4-5.2 (4.4) ${\mu}m$ in length and 2.5-3.3 (2.9) ${\mu}m$ in width.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.271-284
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• 1991

Nine species belonging to 6 genera of the tribe Cnephasiini, Tortricinae are revised in Korea. Of them a new genus, Immarana gen. nov. and 3 species, are described as new to science. Two species, Kawabeia ignavana Christiph and Oporopsamma stenoptera (Filipjev) are reported for the fist time from Korea. A key to the genera of the tribe and all available information on the larval host plants are also given.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.376-379
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• 2005

Purpose : Mycoplasama pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and exacerbates other respiratory conditions such as asthma. Surfactant protein A(SP-A) is involved in surfactant physiology and surfactant structure, and plays a major role in innate host defense and inflammatory processes in the lung. In this study, SP-A mediated mycoplasma cidal activity. The candidate-gene approach was used to study the association between the SP-A gene locus and Mycoplasama pneumoniae pneumonia in the genetically homogeneous Korean population. Methods : PCR-cRFLP-based methodology was used to detect SP-A genotype. The forty nine children with Mycoplasama pneumoniae pneumonia were matched to 50 nomal neonates. Results : The specific frequencies for the alleles of the SP-A1 and SP-A2 gene in the study population were : $6A^2=21$ percent, $6A^3=45$ percent, $6A^4=11$ percent, $6A^8=9$ percent, $6A^{14}=8$ percent, 1A=11.3 percent, $1A^0=38$ percent, $1A^1=12.7$ percent, $1A^2=9.2$ percent, $1A^5=15.5$ percent, $1A^7=2.9$ percent, $1A^8=4.9$ percent, $1A^9=2.2$ percent, others=3.3 percent. The frequencies of specific genotypes such as $1A^2$ was higher than control group, significantly. Conclusion : $1A^2$ are susceptible factors for Mycoplasama pneumoniae pneumonia. We conclude that the SP-A gene locus($1A^2$) is an important determinant for predisposition to Mycoplasama pneumoniae pneumonia in children.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

This study was conducted to isolate the cellulolytic bacteria able to grow on LB- Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar trypan blue medium from the mixed forest and Larix leptolepis stands. Three bacterial strains with high activity against both CMC and xylan were isolated. Both API kit test and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the three different isolates belong to the gene Bacillus. Therefore, the isolates named as Bacillus sp. EFL1, Bacillus sp. EFL2, and Bacillus sp. EFP3. The optimum growth temperature of Bacillus sp. EFL1, EFL2, and EFP3 were $37^{\circ}C$. The optimum temperature for CMCase and xylanase from Bacillus sp. EFL1 were $50^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH of Bacillus sp. EFL1 xylanase was pH 5.0 but the optimum pH of CMCase from Bacillus sp. EFL1 was pH 6.0. The optimum temperature of CMCase and xylanase from Bacillus sp. EFL2 was $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The optimum pH of CMCase of Bacillus sp. EFL2 was 5.0, whereas xylanase showed high activity at pH 3.0-9.0. The optimum temperature for CMCase and xylanase of Bacillus sp. EFP3 was $50^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH for CMCase and xylanse was 5.0 and 4.0, respectively. CMCases from Bacillus sp. EFL1, EFL2, and EFP3 were thermally unstable. Although xylanase from Bacillus sp. EFL1 and EFP3 showed to be thermally unstable, xylanase from Bacillus sp. EFL2 showed to be thermally stable. Therefore, Bacillus sp. EFL2 has great potential for animal feed, biofuels, and food industry applications.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.387-392
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• 2011

To investigate the molecular scavenging capabilities of the larvae of Hermetia illucens, two serine proteases (SPs) were cloned and characterized. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic tree analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of Hi-SP1 and Hi-SP2 were suggested that Hi-SP1 may be a chymotrypsin- and Hi-SP2 may be a trypsin-like protease. Hi-SP1 and Hi-SP2 3-D homology models revealed that a catalytic triad, three disulfide bonds, and a substrate-binding pocket were highly conserved, as would be expected of a SP. E. coli expressed Hi-SP1 and Hi-SP2 showed chymotrypsin or trypsin activities, respectively. Hi-SP2 mRNAs were consistently expressed during larval development. In contrast, the expression of Hi-SP1 mRNA fluctuated between feeding and molting stages and disappeared at the pupal stages. These expression pattern differences suggest that Hi-SP1 may be a larval specific chymotrypsin-like protease involved with food digestion, while Hi-SP2 may be a trypsin-like protease with diverse functions at different stages.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1999

This study was focused on investigating the growth properties of a sulfate reducing bacterium Deslfovibrio sp. B5 which has metabolic ability for desulfurization of petroleum. The optimal temperature and pH for growth of Desulfovibiro sp. B5 were $38^{\circ}C$ and 6.6-7.0, respectively. Addition of 10% corn steep liquor to the Postgate medium C resulted in 0.79 g/L cell concentration, corresponding to a 1.8-fold increase in dry cell mass. Acetate concentrations above 10g/$\ell$ inhibited cell growth significantly. $H_2S$ generated from the sulfate reduction also inhibited the growth of Desulfovibrio sp. B5 at a concentration of 10mM total sulfide. But $N_2$ gassing relieved the growth inhibition by $H_2$S and thereby resulted in a 1.75-fold enhancement in specific growth and lactate consumption pattern of Desulfovibrio sp. B5.