• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2021

This study aims to examine the antibacterial effects of cotton and silk fabrics naturally dyed with Artemisia princeps extract on antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. The concentrated natural dye of the Artemisia princeps extract was made at the liquor ratio of 1:10 at 40-60℃ for 60 minutes. The concentration of FeSO4·7H2O, Al2(SO4)3, and CuSO4 5H2O mordant was 3% (owf), and the liquor ratio was 1:20. In order to experiment on the antimicrobial activity of the naturally dyed fabrics, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591, was used by breeding it in Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHA) containing Oxacillin (2㎍/ml), Fungizone (2.5㎍/ml), and Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI; Detroit, MI, USA). As a result of examining the bacterial growth reduction rate on dyed cotton and silk fabrics against antibiotic-resistant strains, it was found that the copper mordant in cotton fabric shows the highest antibacterial activity with a bacterial growth reduction rate of 99.9%, and the non-mordant cotton fabric shows the lowest antibacterial activity with a reduction rate of 18.6%. In the case of the naturally dyed silk fabric, it indicates the highest reduction rate of strains in the Al mordanting (94.9%), and Cu mordanting (99.9%).

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2015

This research verifies stainability, super bacteria antibacterial features and antibiotic resistance of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai (UD) extract in dye cotton cloth. UD was extracted with hot water, the test cloth dyed, and then processed by mordanting treatment using $FeSO_4$ $7H_2O$, $CuSO_4$ $5H_2O$ and $Al_2(SO_4)_3$. The surface color and color fastness of the three kinds (original cloth, the cloth without mordancy and mordant cloth) were measured and the influence of dying of cotton cloth and the mordant method on the genesistasis of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), antibiotic resistant bacteria. 1. The surface color of the cotton cloth for dyeing (without and with mordancy) displayed a reddish and yellowish color. Stainability was greatest when the mordant of $FeSO_4$ $7H_2O$ was used. 2. When a mordant was not used for dyeing, the color fastness to washing, perspiration and friction of the contaminated cloth was satisfactory at 4 to 5 grade in general. 3. As for the antibiotic effect to super bacteria, the growth of germ was meaningfully suppressed both on the cloth without and with mordancy compared to the comparison cloth; in addition, the dyeing method with the biggest antibacterial impact was found to be the mordancy with the mordant of $CuSO_4$ $5H_2O$ after dyeing. The results of the experiments that involved dyeing with UD extract showed that cotton cloth processed through mordancy with the mordant of $CuSO_4$ $5H_2O$ had the biggest antibiosis to super bacteria and that processed with the mordant of $FeSO_4$ $7H_2O$ had the greatest stainability.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2009

경주지역 석조문화재의 주요 부재로 사용된 화강암과 응회암을 대상으로 수용성 염에 의한 풍화초기 암석의 강도와 수증기확산저항도 변화를 연구하였다. 수용성 염으로는 석조문화재에서 자주 검출되며, 용해도가 다른 $Na_2SO_4$와 $CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$를 사용하였다. 휨강도는 응회암시편에서는 염종류와 무관하게 증가했으며, 화강암에서는 감소하였다. 일축압축강도는 응회암을 $CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$로 처리 했을 때 증가하였고, $Na_2SO_4$로 처리 했을 때 감소하였으며, 화강암은 $CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ 처리 시 약간의 감소가, $Na_2SO_4^{\circ}C$ 처리 때에는 증가경향이 나타났다. 수증기확산저항도는 응회암에서 염종류와 상관없이 증가했고, 화강암은 $CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$로 처리했을 때 증가했다. 연구결과, 염의 집적에 의한 풍화의 초기단계에서는 기계적 강도와 수증기확산저항도가 증가될 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.281-289
• /
• 2006

We introduce the resistant length and examine its properties. We also consider the geometric applications of resistant length to the boundary behavior of analytic functions, conformal mappings and derive the theorem in connection with the cluster sets, purely geometric problems. The method of resistant length leads a simple proofs of theorems. So it shows us the usefulness of the method of resistant length.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of cotton and silk/rayon fabrics dyed with Saururus chinensis extract against antibiotic-resistant strains. The concentration of the concentrated dye in the Saururus chinensis extracts was 1.1% (o.w.f), and the liquor ratio was 1:10 at 30-70℃. The mordanting method was a post mordanting method. The concentration of Al2(SO4)3, CuSO4 5H2O and FeSO4 and7H2O mordant was 5% (o.w.f), and the liquor ratio was 1:40. In order to assess the antimicrobial activity of naturally dyed fabrics, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591, was used by incubating it in Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHA) including Oxacillin (2㎍/ml) and Fungizone (2.5㎍/ml) and Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI; Detroit, MI, USA.) The investigation of the reduction of the rate of antibiotic-resistant strains to dyed cotton fabrics and silk/rayon fabrics revealed that Cu mordanting fabric has the highest antimicrobial effects, with the rate of 99.7%, and Fe mordanting fabric has the lowest, with 77.7%. Non-mordant cotton fabrics also show a high reduction rate of strains (94.6%). In the case of dyed silk/rayon fabrics, it indicates a high reduction in the rate of strains in all fabrics with non-mordant treatment (94.2%), Al mordanting (99.6%), and Cu and Fe mordanting(99.9%).

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.183-186
• /
• 1998

Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome(SRNS) in children has poor prognosis and no effective therapy. In 1994, Ravi Elhence have reported that IV cyclophosphamide therapy was effective against SRNS of children. So, we evaluated the efficacy of IV cyclophosphamide in 3 children with biopsy proven steroid-resistant MCNS. And the result was the rapeutic failure. In conclusion, IV cyclophosphamide therapy wass not effective against SRNS of children.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제77권2호
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 1988

$SO_2$에 대한 내성수종(耐性樹種)을 선발(選拔)하기 위하여, 6수종(樹種)(등나무, 일본목련, 찔레, 튜울립나무, 아까시, 단풍나무)의 엽조직(葉組織)(직경(直徑) 6mm, 50개(個))을 $H_2SO_4$, $H_2SO_3$ 및 $Na_2SO_4$를 증류수로 묽혀 농도별(濃度別)(0, 25, 50, 100 및 250 ppm stoichiometric $SO_2$ concentration) 용액(溶液) 25ml에 띄워 실온(室温)에서 1,500 Lux(fluorescent lamp)하에서 20시간 처리한 후 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)과 처리용액(處理溶液)의 산도변화(酸度變化)를 측정(測定)하였다. 총엽록소함량(總葉綠素含量)은 처리전(處理前)에 비해 처리후(處理后)에 감소했으며, 급원(給源)$H_2SO_3$에서 가장 심하고 다음으로 $H_2SO_4$, $Na_2SO_4$의 순이었다. 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)의 감소율(減少率)은 대체로 단풍나무, 일본목련 및 등나무에서는 크게 나타났고, 찔레, 튜울립나무 및 아까시에서는 상대적으로 작았다. 엽록소함량의 감소율은 잎의 $SO_2$에 대한 감수성(感受性)을 나타내는 지표(指標)로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 처리용액(處理溶液)의 산도(酸度)는 대체로 처리후(處理后)에 낮아졌으며, 이는 처리중(處理中)에 세포질누출이 있었음을 나타낸다. 처리전후(處理前后)의 용액(溶液)의 산도변화(酸度變化)는 수종별(樹種別)로 엽육발달정도(葉肉發達程度), 조직내(組織內) 산도유지기작(酸度維持機作) 및 완충능(緩衝能)이 상이하므로 $SO_2$에 대한 감수성(感受性)을 나타내는 지표(指標)로 이용(利用)하기는 부적당하다고 보여 진다.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2012

Various antibiotics, that could induce the appearance of resistant microorganisms, have been used for treatment or prevention of bacterial diseases in marine and ornamental fish. We determined and characterized the level of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and proportion of multi-drug resistant bacteria in intestinal microflora of both marine fish cultured in Korea and imported ornamental freshwater fish. For this the bacterial species and resistance to antibiotics were investigated in intestine of rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus cultured in Korea and pearl gourami Trichogaster leeri imported from Singapore to characterise. Although the bacterial species were different, proportions of resistant bacteria to single antibiotics or multi-drug were higher in intestinal microflora of pearl gourami Trichogaster leeri imported from Singapore than in rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus cultured in Korea. These results indicate that various antibiotics have been being used before trading without measures in the market of asian ornamental fishes, providing high risks for the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria.

• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2009

The high temperature corrosion properties of heat resistant steels were investigated in oxidation atmosphere including sulfur dioxide. The heat resistant steels of T22, T92, T122, T347HFG and T304H were evaluated at 620, $670^{\circ}C$ for 400 hours. The corrosion rates showed a decreasing tendency while chrome contents of those steels increased from 2 mass.% to 19 mass.%. The in crease in temperature increasement has an more effect on the corrosion rates of low chrome steels than high chrome steels. The weight gains of T22, T92, T304H at $670^{\circ}C$ were 3.7, 1.65, 1.23 times compared with those at $620^{\circ}C$. The external scale formed on T22 was composed of hematite, magnetite and Fe-Cr spinel and internal layer including iron oxide mixed with sulfide. The scales formed on T92, T122, T304H consisted of an outer layer of hematite and inner layer of chrome oxide and hematite. The proportion of chrome oxide at inner layer was increased when the chrome contents in heat resistant steels were increased.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.278-288
• /
• 2013

Objectives : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has a cephalosporin and beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant strains. MRSA is one of the major pathogens causing hospital infection and the isolation ratio of MRSA has gradually increased. Consequently, increased resistance to antibiotics is causing serious problems in the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases. Methods : The antibacterial activities of Ipyo-san were evaluated against 2 strains of MRSA and 1 standard Methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strain by using the disc diffusion method, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) assay, colorimetric assay using MTT test, checkerboard dilution test and time-kill assay performed under dark. Results : The MIC of Ipyo-san water extract against S. aureus strains ranged from 1000 to $2,000{\mu}g/ml$, so we confirmed that it had a strong antibacterial effect. Also, the combinations of Ipyo-san water extract and conventional antibiotics exhibited improved inhibition of MRSA with synergy effect. We suggest that Ipyo-san water extract against MRSA has antibacterial activity so it has potential as alternatives to antibiotic agents. For the combination test, we used Triton X-100 (TX) and DCCD for measurement of membrane permeability and inhibitor of ATPase. As a result, antimicrobial activity of Ipyo-san water extract was affected by the cell membrane. Conclusions : We suggest that the Ipyo-san water extract lead the treatment of bacterial infection to solve the resistance and remaining side-effect problems that are the major weak points of traditional antibiotics.