• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 ($TGFBR2$) is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a role in the differentiation of striated cells and remodeling of coronary arteries. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of this gene are associated with Marfan syndrome and sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular remodeling and T cell activation of $TGFBR2$ gene suggest that the $TGFBR2$ gene SNPs are related to the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) and coronary artery lesion (CAL). Methods: The subjects were 105 patients with KD and 500 healthy adults as controls. Mean age of KD group was 32 months age and 26.6% of those had CAL. We selected $TGFBR2$ gene SNPs from serum and performed direct sequencing. Results: The sequences of the eleven SNPs in the $TGFBR2$ gene were compared between the KD group and controls. Three SNPs (rs1495592, rs6550004, rs795430) were associated with development of KD ($P$=0.019, $P$=0.026, $P$=0.016, respectively). One SNP (rs1495592) was associated with CAL in KD group ($P$=0.022). Conclusion: Eleven SNPs in $TGFBR2$ gene were identified at that time the genome wide association. But, with the change of the data base, only six SNPs remained associated with the $TGFBR2$ gene. One of the six SNPs (rs6550004) was associated with development of KD. One SNP associated with CAL (rs1495592) was disassociated from the $TGFBR2$ gene. The other five SNPs were not functionally identified, but these SNPs are notable because the data base is changing. Further studies involving larger group of patients with KD are needed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.885-890
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate the growth curve parameters of 253 heads of F2 population produced by inter-crossing F1 from Korean Native boars and Landrace sows, and to estimate the effects of Leptin receptor gene(LEPR) on their growth characteristics. Growth curve parameters were estimated from nonlinear regression using Gompertz model individually. Average mature weight and average maturing rate estimated were 179.69${\pm}$4.40kg and 0.3103${\pm}$0.0043, respectively. The effect of sex was insignificant for all the parameters estimated from Gempertz model(p〉.05), and the effect of calving group was significant for mature weight and maximum growth rate at inflection point (p〈.05). The effect of LEPR genotype were significant for all the growth curve parameters(p〈.05). According from the results of the least squares means of growth curve parameters by LEPR genotypes, mature weight and point of inflection were highest in genotype AA in which the maturing rate was the lowest, and were lowest in genotype DD in which maturing rate was the highest, reversely.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.201-209
• /
• 2005

This study aimed to investigate the cerebroprotective effect of nociceptin on transient focal cerebral ischemia in Sprague-Dawley rats by determining the changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the infarct size. Right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded for 2 hours, and thereafter was followed by reperfusion by an intraluminal monofilament technique. An open cranial window was made on the right parietal bone for determination of continuous changes in rCBF by laser-Doppler flowmetry. The infarct size was morphometrically determined using the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride technique. In normal rats, nociceptin ($0.01\~100\;nmol/kg$, Lv.) increased rCBF and decreased cerebral arterial resistance in a dose-dependent manner. Systemic arterial blood pressure was little affected by nociceptin at the doses of 0.01 and 0.1nmol/kg, but dose-dependently reduced at the doses of 1 nmol/kg or more. In transient cerebral ischemic rats, nociceptin ($0.01\~0.1$ nmol/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated the postischemic cerebral hyperemia, and progressively increased rCBF. The improving effect of nociceptin on the postischemic rCBF response was markedly blocked by pretreatment with $[Nphe^1]nociceptin(1-13)NH_2$ (1 nmol/kg, i.p.), a selective nociceptin receptor antagonist, but not by naloxone ($3{\mu}mol/kg$, i.p.), a selective opioid receptor antagonist. The cerebral infarct size was significantly reduced by nociceptin ($0.01\~0.1$ nmol/kg) administered i.p. 5 min after MCA occlusion in transient cerebral ischemia of 2-hour MCA occlusion and 22-hour reperfusiion. It is suggested that nociceptin improves the postischemic cerebral hemodynamics and thereby has a cerebroprotective effect in transient focal cerebral ischemia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.17
• /
• pp.7575-7582
• /
• 2015

Cyclin E, a key coordinator of the G1 to S transition in the cell cycle, may be deregulated in several malignancies, including breast cancer. The most significant aberration in cyclin E is its elastase mediated proteolytic cleavage into tumor specific low molecular weight isoforms (LMW-Es). LMW-Es are biochemically hyperactive and biologically drive tumorigenesis in transgenic mouse models. Additionally, expression of LMW-Es has been correlated with poor survival in breast cancer cases. Here we determine whether expression of LMW-Es in a breast cancer cell line that is naturally devoid of these deregulated forms would alter their progression through each phase of the cell cycle. The results revealed that LMW-Es expression resulted in an increased doubling time, concomitant with a predominant increase in the population in the S phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, downregulation of p53 in LMW-Es cells resulted in additional shortening of the doubling time and enrichment of cells in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, expression of LMW-Es sensitized cells to ${\beta}$-estradiol (E2) mediated growth and changed expression patterns of estrogen receptor and Bcl-2. Intriguingly, expression of LMW-Es could surpass anti-apoptotic effects raised by p53 upregulation. Taken together these studies suggest that overexpression of LMW-Es in collaboration with p53 loss results in altered g rowth properties of MCF-7 cells, enhancing the oncogenic activity of these ER positive breast cancer cells.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2015

We investigated the differences in the expression of the neurohormones kisspeptin (Kiss) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), gonadotropin hormones (GTHs), and sex steroids in the goldfish Carassius auratus exposed to light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The expression levels of Kiss1, Kiss2, G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), GTHs, GnIH, and P450arom were compared between the control (white light) and LED-treated goldfish. Furthermore, we measured the plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The levels of Kiss1 mRNA and protein; Kiss2, GPR54, and $GTH{\alpha}$ protein; GTH mRNA; and plasma FSH and LH in the hypothalamus and cultured hypothalamus cells were significantly higher in the green and purple LED treatment groups than in the other groups. These results suggested that red LEDs inhibit the sex maturation hormones, Kiss, GPR54, GTHs, and P450arom, and that GnIH plays a role in the negative regulation of reproductive function in goldfish.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2004

Overexpressions of the estrogen receptors(ER), progesterone receptors(PR) and C-erbB-2 protein are important determiners of the response to chemotherapy in the breast cancer. For detecting ER, PR and C-erbB-2, immunohistochemistry are currently regarded as standard method. The purposes of this study compared to histologic grade and expression of the ER, PR and C-erbB-2 in breast cancer. We examined overexpression of ER, PR and C-erbB-2 protein in 84 breast carcinomas by using immunohistochemical stains. The following results were obtained. For histologic grade, 10 cases(11.9%) showed carcinoma in situ, 16 cases(19%) showed grade I, 36 cases (42.9%) showed grade II, and 22 cases(26.2%) showed grade III among the 84 test samples. The average positive rate ER and PR was 63%, 46% showed carcinoma in situ, 80%, 60% showed grade I, 64%, 41% showed grade II, 34%, 23% showed grade III, respectively. The induction of PR increased when induction of ER increased, thus showing significant relationship(p<0.05). The expression of C-erbB-2 protein was 9 cases(10.7%) in one positive(1+), 9 cases(10.7%) in two positive(2+), and 9 cases(10.7%) in three positive(3+). C-erbB-2 protein expression showed no statistical significance. In conclusion, ER and PR positive rates were inversely associated with histologic grades significantly(p<0.05). C-erbB-2 showed no significant difference with histologic grade. However ER, PR and C-erbB-2 showed significant relationship with each other(p<0.05). Therefore, these findings might be an important prognostic factor and might be arranged as a regular pathological examination in cases of breast cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 1990

The contractile mechanisms of serotonin were investigated in the renal artery of a rabbit. The helical strips of isolated renal artery were immersed in the normal or $Ca^{2+}$-free tris-buffered Tyrode's solution, which was equilibrated with 100% $O_{2}$ at $35^{\circ}C$. The contraction by serotonin or norepinephrine (NE) began at $1{\times}10^{-7}\;M$ and reached the maximal contraction at $1{\times}10^{-5}\;M$. The maximal contraction by serotonin corresponded to $58.1{\pm}4.2%$ of maximal contraction by NE. Cyproheptadine, a serotonin receptor blocker, shifted the concentration-response curve to the right without any reduction in the maximum response but shifted that of NE to the right with reduction in maximum response. And phentolamine, an ${\alpha}-receptor$ blocker, shifted the concentration-response curve of serotonin or NE without any reduction in maximum responses. The $pA_{2}$ values for cyproheptadine against serotonin and NE were $10.35{\pm}0.04$ and $8.45{\pm}0.13$, respectively. The $pA_{2}$ values for phentolamine against serotonin and NE were $6.87{\pm}0.04$ and $8.14{\pm}0.08$, respectively. after the pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine, the contraction induced by 100 mM $K^{+}$, tyramine and serotonin reduced to $83.0{\pm}2.0$, $26.8{\pm}6.2$ and $82.0{\pm}3.5%$ of control, respectively. The contraction by serotonin in the $Ca^{2+}$-free Tyrode's solution was increased and sustained with the addition of $Ca^{2+}$ extracellulary. The serotonin-sensitive intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ pool was depleted completely by the pretreatment with NE, but the NE-sensitive intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ pool was depleted partially by the pretreatment with serotonin. From the above results, it is suggested that the contraction induced by serotonin in the renal artery of a rabbit may be due to mechanisms in which serotonin acts directly on specific serotonin receptors and also acts indirectly on ${\alpha}-adrenoceptors$ by displacing NE from neuronal stores.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.119-123
• /
• 2009

The two dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (2D-QSARs) models concerning the binding affinity constants ($p[Od.]_{50}$) between 2-cyclohexyltetrahydropyrane and 2-cyclohexyltetrahydrofurane analogues as substrates, and bovine odorant binding protein (bOBP) as receptor were derived by multiple regression analyses method and discussed. The statistical quality of the optimized 2D-QSAR model (5) was good (r=0.907). From the model, the binding affinity constants ($p[Od.]_{50}$) were dependent upon the optimal value ($(TL)_{opt.}$=2.737) of total lipole (TL) of substrate molecules. Based on these findings, the high active compounds predicted by optimized 2D-QSAR model (5) were 2-(dimethylcyclohexyl)tetrahydropyrane molecule and their isomer molecules. The binding affinity constants regarding bOBP of the tetrahydrofuryl-2-yl family compounds were dependent upon the hydrophobicity (logP) of whole substrate molecules. In any case of porcine odorant-binding proteins (pOBP), the constants were dependent upon the hydrophobicity (${\pi}x={\log}P_X-{\log}P_H$) of substituents (R) in substrate molecules. Also, from the optimal values of hydrophobic constant, the hydrophobicity for bOBP influenced ca. twice time bigger (bOBP>pOBP) than that for pOBP.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.679-688
• /
• 2003

The leptin receptor gene(LEPR) produces a high affinity receptor that mediates the regulation of the leptin gene. Leptin secreted from adipose tissue plays an important role in regulating feed intake and energy balance. In this study, a microsatellite marker within LEPR was selected and genotyped for the F2 population composed of 354 individuals from an intercross between Korean Native boars and Landrace sows. Totally, six alleles (255, 259, 261, 263, 265 and 267bp) and nineteen genotypes were detected in the population, of which the CE (261/265), CC (261/261) and EE (265/265) types were observed by 20.0%, 10.1% and 9.6%, respectively. Relationships between their genotypes and economic traits were analyzed. We found specific genotypes associated with economic traits such as body weight at 12 weeks of age/body fat including abdominal and trimmed fat/shear force (P〈0.001), body weight of 30 weeks of age (P〈0.01) and body weight of 3 weeks of age/back fat thickness (P〈0.05). The DD (263/263) and DF (263/267) types were associated with body weight at 3, 5, 12 and 30 weeks of age. The DF (263/267) type showed a highly significant effect on back fat thickness and body fat including abdominal and trimmed fat. The DF (263/267) type showed positive effect on shear force, whereas the BB (259/259) and DD (263/263) types negatively affected on tenderness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.3937-3940
• /
• 2013

Objective: To explore the expression and significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progestrone receptor (PR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CA15-3, CA125 and carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) expression in judging the prognosis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients with breast cancer undergoing operations in the general surgery department were considered as the observation group, and 50 healthy outpatients of our hospital as the control group. Cubital venous blood was drawn in the morning from fasting patients in the two groups and chemiluminescence immunoassays were used to detect the levels of CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in serum. The follow-up duration was from 4 months to 2 years, and change in levels of the indicators was detected by dynamically drawing blood. After surgery, cancer tissue samples of patients in observation group remained on file (the non-recurrent patients were biopsied). Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine the expression of ER, PR and VEGF in tissue. Results: The effective rate of 12 patients with negative ER and PR expression was 33.3% in the observation group, being associated with prognosis to varying extents. Serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in the observation group were all significantly higher than in control group (p<0.01). With increase in pathological staging, levels of serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA gradually increased (p<0.01). Levels in patients with lymph node metastasis were markedly higher than in those without (p<0.01). In addition, values with distal lymph node metastasis were notably higher than with adjacent lymph node metastasis (p<0.01). The postoperative follow-up results revealed that positive VEGF and levels of serum VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in recurrence group were obviously higher than in non-recurrence group (p<0.01). Conclusions: Joint detection of ER and PR expression as well as levels of serum VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA is meaningful and can guide the diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.