• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.679-687
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• 2015

Atmospheric aerosol particles were investigated at GNTECH university in Jinju city. Samples were collected using the Nanosampler period from January to December 2014. The Nanosampler is a 6 stage cascade impactor(1 stage : > $10{\mu}m$, 2 stage : $2.5{\sim}10{\mu}m$, 3 stage : $1.0{\sim}2.5{\mu}m$, 4 stage : $0.5{\sim}10{\mu}m$, 5 stage : $0.1{\sim}0.5{\mu}m$, back-up : < $0.1{\mu}m$) with the stages having 50% cut-off ranging from 0.1 to $10{\mu}m$ in aerodynamic diameter. The mass size distribution of Atmospheric aerosol particles was unimodal with peak at $1.0{\sim}2.5{\mu}m$ or $0.5{\sim}1.0{\mu}m$. The annual average concentrations of TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_1$, $PM_{0.5}$ and $PM_{0.1}$ were $44.0{\mu}g/m^3$, $40.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $31.4{\mu}g/m^3$, $18.0{\mu}g/m^3$, $8.0{\mu}g/m^3$, $3.0{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. On average $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_1$, $PM_{0.5}$ and $PM_{0.1}$ make up 0.91, 0.70, 0.41, 0.19 and 0.07 of TSP, respectively. The annual average of $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratio was 0.77.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1982

본 실험은 닭의 근위점막 분말의 투여가 동물의 혈액학적 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 근위점막(계내금)을 1일 사료섭취량의 $1\%$구(T.), $2\%$구$(T_2)$, $3\%$구$(T_3)$ 및 대조구(무처리구)에서 Babcock B-380의 성계 60수를 공시하여 8주간 Cage에서 사육한 후 혈액상을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 각 처리구별 적혈구치는 $T_3$구$(2.57{\pm}0.26\times10^6/mm^3)$, $T_2$구$(2.23{\pm}0.10\times10^6/mm^3)$, $T_1$구$(2.38{\pm}0.40\times10^6/mm^3)$ 및 C구$(2.17{\pm}0.10\times10^6/mm^3)$의 순이었고 그 평균치는 $2.34{\pm}0.21\times10^6/mm^3$로서, 대체로 처리구(첨가구)가 대조구(무처리구)보다 유의적으로 높은 경향이었다. 2. 각 처리구별 Hemoglobin함량은 $T_3$구$(9.13{\pm}0.14gm/100ml)$, $T_2$구$(7.78{\pm}0.40gm/100ml)$ 및 $T_1$구$(7.44{\pm}0.48gm/100ml)$의 순이었고 그 평균치는 $8.06{\pm}0.28gm/100ml$ 로서, 처리구와 대조구간에 유의성은 확인되지 않았다. (p<0.01). 3. 각 처리구별 백혈구치는 C구$(1.81{\pm}0.63\times10^4/mm^3)$, $T_1$구$(1.69{\pm}0.12\times10^4/mm^3) $, $T_2$구$(1.61{\pm}0.16\times10^4/mm^3)$ 및 $T_3$구$(1.56{\pm}0.20_10^4/mm^3)$의 순이었고 그 평균치는 $1.67{\pm}0.23\times10^4/mm^3$으로서, 첨가량이 많아질수록 낮아지는 경향이었다. 4. 밸혈구백분비는 Lymphocytes $60.98{\pm}1.76\%$, Heterophils $22.75{\pm}2.27\%$, Eosinophils $3.17{\pm}0.95\%$, Basophils $2.17{\pm}0.85\%$ 및 Monocytes $10.84{\pm}2.02\%$였다. 5. 적혈구의 크기는 $12.01{\pm}0.74\mu\times6.82{\pm}0.10\mu\times3.57{\pm}0.08\mu$(장경$\times$단경$\times$두께)였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the concentrations of PM($PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{1}$) and it's affecting factors in the subway from line 1 to line 8 in Seoul metropolitan area, from Sep. 1 to 30, 2005. PM concentrations were measured at the entrances and centers in subway passenger cabins by a light scattering equipment. And the affecting factors to PM were estimated based on the number of passenger, door open and close and running area etc. The geometric means of $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{1}$ concentration in Seoul subway passenger cabins were $214{\mu}g/m^3$, $86.6{\mu}g/m^3$ and $27.0{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. These mean concentrations in subway carriage were higher when it ran on an underground track than on a ground track. And running time(7AM-9AM, 11AM-13PM, 6PM-8PM) significantly influenced to the concentrations of $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{1}$. Daily profile of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{1}$ expressed as an 10 minutes average, showed similar variation pattern over day period. In correlation analysis, significant relations among $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{1}$ were detected(p〈0.01). In particular, correlation coefficient between $PM_{10}$and $PM_{1}$ was highly significant(r=0.94). Further study is needed to identity the sources of PM in subway cabins and to compare pollutants concentration among subway lines.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.573-584
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• 2021

To analyze the effects of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 on daily mortality cases, the relations of death counts from natural causes, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases with PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations were applied to the generalized additive model (GAM) in this study. From the coefficients of the GAM model, the excessive mortality risks due to an increase of 10 ㎍/m³ in daily mean PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 for each cause were calculated. The excessive risks of deaths from natural causes, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases were 0.64%, 1.69%, and 1.16%, respectively, owing to PM₁₀ increase and 0.42%, 2.80%, and 0.91%, respectively, owing to PM_2.5 increase. Our result showed that particulate matter posed a greater risk of death from respiratory diseases and is consistent with the cases in Europe and China. The regional distribution of excessive risk of death is 0.24%-0.81%, 0.34%-2.6%, and 0.62%-1.94% from natural causes, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, respectively, owing to PM₁₀ increase, and 0.14%-1.02%, 1.07%-3.92%, and 0.22%-1.73% from natural causes, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, respectively, owing to PM_2.5 increase. Our results represented a different aspect from the regional concentration distributions. Thus, we saw that the concentration distributions of air pollutants differ from the affected areas and identified the need for a policy to reduce damage rather than reduce concentrations.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 원하는 시간과 장소에서 데이터 수집이 용이한 드론에 미세먼지 측정 센서를 부착하여 3가지 측정환경인 건설현장, 자연환경(수목원), 주거지역에서 고도(30m, 60m, 90m, 120m, 150m)에 따른 미세먼지 농도를 측정하고 비교하였다. 건설현장 30m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정값은 각각 18.63㎍/㎥, 24.23㎍/㎥, 150m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정값은 각각 10.89㎍/㎥, 10.61㎍/㎥로 고도가 높아질수록 평균 농도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 자연환경(수목원) 30m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정값은 각각 9.03㎍/㎥, 11.21㎍/㎥, 150m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정값은 각각 3.42㎍/㎥, 3.57㎍/㎥로 고도가 높아질수록 평균 농도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났으나, 모든 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정값은 비슷한 것으로 나타났다. 주거지역 30m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀ 측정결과는 각각 10.65㎍/㎥, 12.06㎍/㎥, 150m 지점의 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀의 측정값은 각각 4.24㎍/㎥, 5.17㎍/㎥로 고도가 높아질수록 대체적으로 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀농도가 낮아짐을 확인하였다. 주거지역의 경우 건설현장이나 수목원에 비해 교통량이 많은 도로에 인접해 있어 PM_2.5의 농도가 PM₁₀의 농도보다 높게 나온 것으로 사료된다. 세 대상지 모두 고도가 상승할수록 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀의 농도가 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 또한, 건설현장, 주거지역, 자연환경(수목원) 순으로 PM_2.5와 PM₁₀의 농도가 높은 것으로 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 토지이용별로 미세먼지 농도값을 고도별로 측정하였다는데 의의가 있으며, 지역계획이나 도시계획 등에서 중요한 공간의사결정 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to establish PM-10 management manual for developing large scale sites by assessing the status of PM-10 reduction at ongoing large scale development sites. After analyzing the meteorological conditions and air quality characteristics of Sihwa MTV development site, ISCST3 (Industrial Source Complex Short Term Model 3) was implemented to predict PM-10 generation. The outcomes of ISCST3 modelling were utilized for verification of site survey data. As a result of applying air pollution modeling, the diffusion rate of PM-10 decreases according as the wind speed decreases. And the emission rate of PM-10 increase is linear to the concentration of PM-10. The reduction target of PM-10 can be derived quantitatively from the difference between the forecasted emission rate and the permissible emission limit of PM-10. The assessment of PM-10 characteristics which is deduced from ISCST3 and site survey can be practically applied to accomplish environmentally acceptable air quality manual for large scale development sites.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제22권E1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2006

Mass size distributions of atmospheric particles in Cheonan were determined using a high volume air sampler equipped with a 5-stage cascade impactor. Bimodal distributions that are typical for urban atmospheric particles were obtained. A MMD of the fine particle mode was $0.47{\pm}0.05{\mu}m$ with a GSD of $2.72{\pm}0.21$, and those of the coarse particles were $5.15{\pm}0.18{\mu}m\;and\;2.09{\pm}0.09$, respectively. The annual average concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 74.1, 67.5, 54.2, and $42.3{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Although the daily PM10 concentrations were under the current National Standard, the daily PM2.5 concentrations frequently exceeded the US Standard even in non asian dust periods. The fractions of PM 10, PM2.5, and PM1 in TSP were $0.905{\pm}0.013,\;0.723{\pm}0.022,\;and\;0.572{\pm}0.029$, respectively, and fine mode particles occupied $57{\sim}72%$ of the total particle mass. The results indicate that fine particles were at the concerning level, and should be the target pollutant for the regional air quality strategy in Cheonan.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1972

The author observed the thyroid $^{131}I$ uptake rate using an intradermal injection method. The amount of activity remaining at the site of intradermal injection of 0.1 ml. of $5{\mu}Ci.\;of\;^{131}I$ in physiologic saline was measured in 79 cases of hyperthyroidism and in 24 cases of hypothyroidism. The cases had been confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings, at the department of medicine, (radioisotope clinic) Pusan National University Hospital. Twenty-nine normal control cases were examined currently by the same technique during the period from Jan. 1967 to June 1970. The following results were obtained: 1. In the normal group, the ranges and mean values of the thyroid uptake 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60 minutes after intradermal $^{131}I$ injection, were $0{\sim}10%(6.33{\pm}1.63),\;0{\sim}15%(7.83{\pm}2.12),\;0{\sim}15%(8.46{\pm}2.82),\;5.1{\sim}20%(9.66{\pm}2.27),\;5.1{\sim}25%(10.47{\pm}2.52),\;5.1{\sim}30%(13.03{\pm}4.42)$. 2. In the hyperthyroid group, the ranges and mean values of the thyroid uptake 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60 minutes after intradermal $^{131}I$ injection were $5.1{\sim}45%(22.25{\pm}7.04),\;10.1{\sim}50%(28.32{\pm}6.67),\;15.1{\sim}55%(34.78{\pm}11.63),\;15.1{\sim}65%(37.95{\pm}7.72),\;20.1{\sim}65%(41.49{\pm}0.05)\;and\;20.18096(48.71{\pm}12.51)$. 3. In the hypothyroid group, he ranges of thyroid $^{131}I$ uptake by intradermal $^{131}I$ injection at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60 minutes lay between 0 and 10%, and the the mean values were $4.23{\pm}1.76,\;5.08{\pm}1.68,\;5.56{\pm}1.70,\;6.02{\pm}1.75,\;6.37{\pm}1.91\;and\;6.95{\pm}2.07$. 4. In conclusion, thyroid function test using an intradermal injection method in cases of hyperthyroidism, showed characteristic values which seemed to be of diagnostic significance.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2019

It is important to control fine particles in children care centers, elementary schools, elderly care facilities and so on where vulnerable children and the aged stay during most of their time. This study has investigated $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ concentrations in two classrooms equipped with an air cleaner and two air cleaners, respectively and they were compared to those in a classroom without an air cleaner as well as those outdoors. Eight air cleaners which have various clean air delivery rates (CADRs) between 9.9 and $21.3m^3/min$ were tested in classrooms in two elementary schools in Seoul. Average $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were $7.3{\pm}0.7$ and $45.5{\pm}4.1{\mu}g/m^3$ in classrooms equipped with an air cleaner and $4.2{\pm}0.6$ and $24.6{\pm}2.5{\mu}g/m^3$ in classrooms with two air cleaners, whereas they were $22.1{\pm}2.6$ and $109.1{\pm}9.6{\mu}g/m^3$ in classrooms without an air cleaner and $36.9{\pm}5.1$ and $74.1{\pm}10.6{\mu}g/m^3$ outdoors, respectively. $PM_{2.5}$ in classrooms could be reduced effectively by using an air cleaner or two air cleaners, because $PM_{2.5}$ was mainly infiltrated from outdoors, however $PM_{10}$ could not because $PM_{10}$ was mainly caused indoors by students' activities. Air cleaners were more effective for removal of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ in classrooms with a high airtightness than those in classrooms with a relatively low one. Average $CO_2$ in classrooms was about 1500 to 2000 ppm for class hours dependent on the student number per a classroom, which was about 1.5 to 2 times higher than the standard, regardless of the use of air cleaner.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the concentration of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in inside train and platform of subway 1, 2, 4 and 5 in Seoul, KOREA. $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide were monitored using Portable Aerosol Spectrometer at afternoon (between 13:00 and 16:00). The concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in inside train were monitored to be higher than those measured in platform. In addition, $PM_{10}$ concentration in both platform and inside train were found to be greatly higher than range of from 35 ${\mu}g/m^3$ to 81${\mu}g/m^3$ in ambient air reported by Ministry of Environment. This study found that there were many inside train in subway 1, 2, 4 line where exceeded 150 ${\mu}g/m^3$ of Korean PM10 standard. The average percentage that exceeded PM10 standard was 83.3% in line 1, 37.9% in line 2 and 63.1% in line 4, respectively. In particular, most of inside train in subway line 1 were over PM10 limit. PM2.5 concentration ranged from 77.7 ${\mu}g/m^3$ to 158.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$, which were found to be greatly higher than ambient air PM2.5 standard promulgated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) (24 hours arithmatic mean : 65 ${\mu}g/m^3$, year average : 15 ${\mu}g/m^3$). The percentage of $PM_{2.5}$ in $PM_{10}$ was 86.2% in platform, 81.7% in inside train, 80.2% in underground and 90.2% in ground. These results indicated that fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$) accounted for most of $PM_{10}$.