• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.505-510
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 고종시 감나무 부위별 수용성 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증에 대한 효과를 조사하였다. 감꼭지와 감잎은 DPPH, ABTS 및 NO 등 라디칼을 효과적으로 제거하는 활성뿐만 아니라 환원력도 우수한 항산화 활성을 보였다. 또한 LPS에 의해 활성화된 설치류 유래 대식세포주인 RAW 264.7 세포에서 NO 생성억제는 감꼭지 추출물이 가장 우수하였지만, $PGE_2$ 생성의 경우 모든 부위의 추출물에서 탁월한 억제 효과가 있었다. 더욱이 활성화된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 감꼭지, 감잎 및 감껍질 추출물은 농도에 의존적으로 TNF-${\alpha}$와 IL-$1{\beta}$를 효과적으로 억제하였다. 이러한 결과는 고종시 감나무 부위별 추출물 중 감꼭지와 감잎은 항산화제뿐만 아니라 항염증에 효과적인 물질이라는 것을 제시해주었고, 감껍질의 경우 비록 항산화 효과는 낮았지만, 우수한 항염효과를 나타내는 물질임을 제시해주었다. 그러므로 고종시 감나무 수용성 추출물은 항산화와 항염 기능을 발휘할 수 있는 식품으로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2016

Objectives : Gamisoyosan (GMS) is a useful prescription for treating insomnia, dysmenorrhea and infertility induced by a stress. Also, GMS has been used traditionally to improve systemic circulation and biological energy production. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-oxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of Gamisoyosan Formulation (Soft extract, GMS-SE). Methods : The biological activities such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were measured through cell line-based in vitro assay. We investigated the anti-oxidant properties of GMS-SE on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, contents of total flavonoid and polyphenol. GMS-SE compared to butyl hydroxy anizole (BHA). Furthermore, based on this result the anti-inflammatory effects of GMS-SE have verified by mechanism from LPS- treated Raw264.7 macrophages. Results : The anti-oxidant activities of GMS-SE increased markedly, in a dose-dependent manner. The GMS-SE showed significant scavenging activity (GMS-SE $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ : $32.77{\pm}1.65%$, GMS-SE $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ : $45.06{\pm}1.04%$ and BHA $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ : $39.25{\pm}2.41%$ for DPPH assay). and, The total phenolic compound and flavonoids contents of GMS-SE were $73.93{\pm}6.87{\mu}g/mg$ and $698.75{\pm}6.78{\mu}g/mg$. GMS-SE which is LPS has diminished in the LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators (NO, iNOS, COX2 and PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$) from the RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, GMS-SE inhibited the activation of phosphorylation of p38 and ERK MAPKs by induced LPS. Conclusion : The present results indicate that GMS-SE has an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, therefore may be beneficial in diseases which related to oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory disorders.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2013

Objectives : Lespedeza Cuneata has been used to treat leukorrhea, asthma, stomach pain, diarrhea, acute mastitis, in Korean traditional medicine. According to recent studies, Lespedeza Cuneata has antioxidation, hypoglycemia, cell protective, insulin secretion, whitening, corpora cavernosa smooth muscle relaxation and antimicrobial activities, but it has been rarely conducted to evaluate the immuno-biological activity. The present study was examined to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Lespedeza Cuneata MeOH extract (LCE) in vivo and in vitro. Methods : In vitro, inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, nitric oxide and prostaglandin $E_2$ were detected after the addition of LPS with or without LCE in Raw 264.7 macrophage cell line. In vivo, anti-edema effect of LCE was determined in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. Results : In vitro assay, LCE decreased release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) via suppression of iNOS and COX-2 expression. LCE inhibited the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B$ indicating the suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway. In vivo assay, LCE significantly inhibited the formation of paw edema induced by carrageenan injection in rats. LCE effectively inhibited increases of hind paw skin thickness and inflammatory cell infilterations. Conclusion : These findings demonstrate that LCE has inhibitory effect on inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells and on paw edema in carrageenan-stimulated rats, showing the possibility of anti-inflammatory use of Lespedeza Cuneata.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.574-583
• /
• 2022

Ficus vasculosa Wall. ex Miq. (FV) has been used as a herbal medicine in Southeast Asia and its antioxidant activity has been shown in previous studies. However, it has not yet been elucidated whether FV exerts anti-inflammatory effects on activated-macrophages. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the ameliorative property of FV methanol extract (FM) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and the underlying molecular mechanisms in RAW264.7 macrophages. The experimental results indicated that FM decreased the production of inflammatory mediators (NO/PGE2) and the mRNA/protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. FM also reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results also demonstrated that FM improved inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated A549 airway epithelial cells by inhibiting the production of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, FM suppressed MAPK activation and NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by LPS. FM also upregulated the mRNA/protein expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in RAW264.7 cells. In an experimental animal model of LPS-induced acute lung injury, the increased levels of molecules in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were suppressed by FM administration. Collectively, it was founded that FM has anti-inflammatory properties on activated-macrophages by suppressing inflammatory molecules and regulating the activation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.397-405
• /
• 2023

항산화제로서 산화적 손상의 방지에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 glutathione (GSH)의 면역 조절에 대한 연구는 현재까지 제대로 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구에서 우리는 환원형 GSH인 luthione^®이 RAW 264.7 세포에서 면역 강화 효과가 있는지를 조사하였다. 유세포 분석 및 면역 형광 실험의 결과에 의하면, luthione은 대조군 세포에 비해 대식세포의 대표적인 기능인 식세포 활성을 luthione 처리 농도 의적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, cytokine array의 결과에 의하면, IL-5, IL-1β와 IL-27의 발현이 luthione이 처리된 세포에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 아울러 luthione에 의한 TNF-α 및 IL-1β의 생성 증가는 그들의 단백질 발현 증가를 통해 이루어졌으며, NO 및 PGE₂와 같은 면역 매개체 유리의 증가는 iNOS 및 COX-2의 발현 증가와 관련이 있었으며, 이는 M1 대식세포 분화 마커인 CD86 발현의 증가와 연관성이 있었다. 그리고 heatmap 분석을 통하여 SOCS1/3 매개 STAT/JAK 신호 전달 경로가 luthione에 의한 면역 조절 증가에 관여함을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 우리의 결과는 luthione이 M1 macrophage polarization의 분자 조절자로 작용하여 면역 능력을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.497-505
• /
• 2015

YG-1의 항염증 및 해열 치료 약물로서의 가능성을 검증하기 위하여 대식세포와 동물모델에서 염증성 사이토카인 활성 및 해열 관련 인자들을 연구하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. YG-1은 염증성 사이토카인 인자인 IL-$1{\beta}$의 발현을 효과적으로 억제하였으며, iNOS 및 COX-2의 발현을 억제시킴으로써 염증인자인 NO 및 $PGE_2$ 생성을 유의적으로 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 YG-1은 LPS 유도성 발열 모델에서 염증을 완화시키고 해열의 효과를 보여 주었다. 이상의 실험 결과로부터 본 실험에 사용된 YG-1은 염증에 의해 유발되는 인후염과 같은 질환을 예방 및 치료할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.531-536
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 현미유 음료 가공과 관련하여 현미유 유화물을 제조하기 위해 가공적성을 높이고 저장안정성을 증대시키기 위한 공정을 최적화하였다. 이를 위해 유상 대비 수상 비율과 유화제 첨가량, 균질 속도를 독립변수로 하고 유화안정지수(ESI)를 반응값으로 설정하여 실험을 진행하였다. 예비실험을 통해 2종의 유화제를 사용하였는데 HLB가 낮은 슈가에스터(HLB 3)와 수중 유적형 유화계 형성을 위한 HLB 10의 폴리글리세린지방산에스터(PGE)를 선정하였다. 안정한 유화계를 형성하는 조건은 다양한 변수들이 복합적으로 작용하여 최적점에 도달할 때라는 가설을 바탕으로, 반응 표면분석법을 이용하여 유화물 형성에 관여하는 반응조건을 최적화하였다. 그 결과, 유화제 함량은 현미유 유화물 총량의 0.2 g%, 호모믹서 회전속도는 60℃에서 6,700 rpm, 현미유와 물의 비율은 1:1.3 일 때 ESI 예측치가 94.5%로 최대치를 나타냈으며, 실측값은 95.7%이어서 통계적으로 유의하였다. 최적 조건에서 제조한 유화물의 분산안정성을 확인한 결과, transmission 및 backscattering 값이 시간경과에 따라 일치하는 것으로 나타났고, TSI global result는 0.7 미만으로 나타나 응집이나 상층부유 현상이 적어 분산성이 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 이같은 최적화 조건에서 제조된 현미유 유화물을 쌀 이용 음료에 사용한다면 고소한 풍미와 유지에 함유된 다양한 생리활성 성분을 부여함으로써 기능적인 면에서의 긍정적인 효과를 나타내어 이러한 제품은 국내 쌀 소비 촉진에 기여할 것으로 예상된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2010

Objectives : To provide the information of efficacy for Sagunja-tang (Sijunzi-tang; SG), it was evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect. SG, a widely used herbal formula in tranditional Korean medicine, has been used to treat for the Boki-invigorating. In many studies, plant-derived anti-inflammatory efficacies have been investigated for their potential inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. This study was performed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of SG extract on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : The productions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)$E_2$, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ were examined in a macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells, in the presence of the SG extract. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with LPS $1\;{\mu}g/mL$ and SG extract for 18 hours. The anti-inflammatory activity of SG was investigated by carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. The paw volume was measured at 0, 2 and 4 hours following carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. Results : SG extract showed inhibitory effect on $PGE_2$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. But SG extract was not inhibitory effect on NO by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. And administration of SG extract (1 g/kg) showed a reduction in carrageenin-induced paw edema on rats. Conclusions : These results suggest that SG extract has anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo models.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.146-156
• /
• 2018

Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine compound that has recently emerged with anti-aging properties and suppresses inflammation and oxidation. However, its mechanisms of action on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the potential of spermidine for reducing pro-inflammatory and oxidative effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and zebrafish was explored. Our data indicate that spermidine significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and cytokines including tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and $interleukin-1{\beta}$ in RAW 264.7 macrophages without any significant cytotoxicity. The protective effects of spermidine accompanied by a marked suppression in their regulatory gene expression at the transcription levels. Spermidine also attenuated the nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 subunit and reduced LPS-induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, spermidine prevented the LPS-induced NO production and ROS accumulation in zebrafish larvae and was found to be associated with a diminished recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Although more work is needed to fully understand the critical role of spermidine on the inhibition of inflammation-associated migration of immune cells, our findings clearly demonstrate that spermidine may be a potential therapeutic intervention for the treatment of inflammatory and oxidative disorders.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권9호
• /
• pp.1628-1638
• /
• 2017

Viola tianshanica Maxim, belonging to the Violaceae plant family, is traditionally used in Uighur medicine for treating pneumonia, headache, and fever. There is, however, a lack of basic understanding of its pharmacological activities. This study was designed to observe the effects of the ethanol extract (TSM) from Viola tianshanica Maxim on the inflammation response in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by LPS and the possible underlying mechanisms. We found that TSM (200 and 500 mg/kg) significantly decreased inflammatory cytokine production and the number of inflammatory cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. TSM also markedly inhibited the lung wet-to-dry ratio and alleviated pathological changes in lung tissues. In vitro, after TSM ($12.5-100{\mu}g/ml$) treatment to RAW 264.7 cells for 1 h, LPS ($1{\mu}g/ml$) was added and the cells were further incubated for 24 h. TSM dose-dependently inhibited the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as NO, $PGE_2$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$, and remarkably decreased the protein and mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. TSM also suppressed protein expression of $p-I{\kappa}Ba$ and p-ERK1/2 and blocked nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65. The results indicate that TSM exerts anti-inflammatory effects related with inhibition on $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK (p-ERK1/2) signaling pathways. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that TSM might be a potential agent for the treatment of ALI.