• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.995-1004
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• 1994

Phase relation and microwave dielectric properties of the system BaO.(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.TiO2 (n=4, 5) were studied. With n=5 (1 : 1 : 5), Ba2Ti9O20 and TiO2 formed in case of X$\leq$0.7, and Ba2Ti9O20 and Sm2Ti2O7 formed at X=1.0 as the second phases dispersed in fine-grained orthorhombic matrix phase. With n=4 (1 : 1 : 4). on the contrary, only fine grains of an ortho-rhombic phase were observed irrespective of Nd/Sm ratio. The compositions of these two stable orthorombic phases having distinct lattic constants even with the same Nd/Sm ratio were estimated as 4BaO.5(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.18TiO2 and BaO.(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.4TiO2 with n=5 and n=4 in the system BaO.(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.TiO2, respectively. Consequently the composition BaO.(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.5TiO2 lies in the compatible triangle of 4BaO.5(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.18TiO2 and the second phases mentioned above. The microwave dielectric properties (~4 GHz) of BaO.(Nd1-xSmx)2O3.5TiO2 can be controlled effectively by adjusting Sm content : with increasing X from 0 to 0.7, both dielectric constant and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency decreased monotonically from 82 to 65 and from 91 (ppm/$^{\circ}C$) to -19(ppm/$^{\circ}C$), respectively, while unloaded Q(Qo) remained constant at about 2,600.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 1981

The effect of additions, $TiO_2$ and $ZrO_2$ as nucleant on the base glass which composition was determined to 0.97 $Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ has been investigated by means of D.T.A., X-ray diffraction and dilatation. $TiO_2$ and $ZrO_2$ as nucleant were added 0.06mole, in which ratios of $TiO_2$/$ZrO_2$ were varied 1/0, 2/1, 1/1, 1/2 and 0/1. The crystalline phases were appeared to $\beta$-spodumene as principal, $\beta$-eucryptite and $ZrO_2$ as secondary, regardless of nucleant variations. The crystallinity of the crystallized glass added $TiO_2$, $ZrO_2$ mixture as nucleant was higher than that of the glass added $TiO_2$ or $ZrO_2$ only. The crystallinity of the glass added $TiO_2$/$ZrO_2$ =1/1 was highest. Increasing the addition of $ZrO_2$, it has been observed that the crystal growing temperature became higher.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.240-243
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• 2007

The eight coordinated yttrium(III) complex Y(tpb)3(H2O)2 (Htpb=4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione) has been synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction method. The coordination polyhedron of Y(tpb)3(H2O)2 has a dodecahedron. The angle between two trapezia, Y-O2-O1-O5-O6 and Y-O4-O3-O8-O7, is 89.59°. The O1-O5 and O3-O8 distances are 2.965 and 2.995 A whereas the O2-O6 and O4-O7 distances are 4.256 and 4.403 A.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2018

The Na low temperature gettering in $SiO_2/PSG/SiO_2/Al-1%Si$ and $SiO_2/TEOS/SiO_2/Al-1%Si$ multilevel thin films was investigated using dynamic SIMS(secondary ion mass spectrometry) analysis. DC magnetron sputter, APCVD and PECVD techniques were utilized for the deposition of Al-1%Si thin films, $SiO_2/PSG/SiO_2$ and $SiO_2/TEOS/SiO_2$ passivations, respectively. Heat treatment was carried out at $300^{\circ}C$ for 5 h in air. SIMS depth profiling was used to determine the distribution of Na, Al, Si and other elements throughout the $SiO_2/PSG/SiO_2/Al-1%Si$ and $SiO_2/TEOS/SiO_2/Al-1%Si$ multilevel thin films. XPS was used to analyze chemical states of Si and O elements in $SiO_2$ passivation layers. Na peaks were observed throughout the $PSG/SiO_2$ and $TEOS/SiO_2$ passivation layers on the Al-1%Si thin films and especially at the interfaces. Na low temperature gettering in $SiO_2/PSG/SiO_2/Al-1%Si$ and $SiO_2/TEOS/SiO_2/Al-1%Si$ multilevel thin films is considered to be caused by a segregation type of gettering.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.631-637
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• 1996

The structures of fully dehydrated Ca2+- and Rb+-exchanged zeolite X, Ca31Rb30Si100Al92O384(Ca31Rb30-X; a=25.009(1) Å) and Ca28Rb36Si100Al92O384(Ca28Rb36-X; a=24.977(1) Å), have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Fd&bar{3} at 21(1) ℃. Their structures were refined to the final error indices R1=0.048 and R2=0.041 with 236 reflections for Ca31Rb30-X, and R1=0.052 and R2=0.043 with 313 reflections for Ca28Rb36-X; I>3σ(I). In both structures, Ca2+ and Rb+ ions are located at six different crystallographic sites. In dehydrated Ca31Rb30-X, sixteen Ca2+ ions fill site I, at the centers of the double 6-rings (Ca-O=2.43(1) Å and O-Ca-O=93.3(3)°). Another fifteen Ca2+ ions occupy site II (Ca-O=2.29(1) Å, O-Ca-O=119.5(5)°) and fifteen Rb+ ions occupy site II opposite single six-rings in the supercage; each is 1.60 Å from the plane of three oxygens (Rb-O=2.77(1) Å and O-Rb-O=91.1(4)°). About two Rb+ ions are found at site II', 1.99 Å into sodalite cavity from their three-oxygen plane (Rb-O=2.99(1) Å and O-Rb-O=82.8(4)°). The remaining thirteen Rb+ ions are statistically distributed over site III, a 48-fold equipoint in the supercages on twofold axes (Rb-O=3.05(1) Å and Rb-O=3.38(1) Å). In dehydrated Ca28Rb36-X, sixteen Ca2+ ions fill site I (Ca-O=2.41(1) Å and O-Ca-O=93.6(3)°) and twelve Ca2+ ions occupy site II (Ca-O=2.31(1) Å, O-Ca-O=119.7(4)°). Sixteen Rb+ ions occupy site II; each is 1.60 Å from the plane of three oxygens (Rb-O=2.81(1) Å and O-Rb-O=90.6(3)°) and four Rb+ ions occupy site II'; each is 1.88 Å into sodalite cavity from their three-oxygen plane (Rb-O=2.99(1) Å and O-Rb-O=83.8(2)°). The remaining sixteen Rb+ ions are found at III site in the supercage (Rb-O=2.97(1) Å and Rb-O=3.39(1) Å). It appears that Ca2+ ions prefer sites I and II in that order, and that Rb+ ions occupy the remaining sites. Rb+ ions are too large to be stable at site I, when they are competing with other smaller cations like Ca2+ ions.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.427-435
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• 1996

The structures of fully dehydrated $Ca^{2+}$- and $Cs^+$-exchanged zeolite X, $Ca_{35}Cs_{22}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}$($Ca_{35}Cs_{22}$-X; a=25.071(1) $\AA)$ and $Ca_{29}Cs_{34}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}$($Ca_{29}Cs_{34}$-X; a=24.949(1) $\AA)$, have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Fd3 at $21(1)^{\circ}C.$ Their structures were refined to the final error indices $R_1$=0.051 and $R_2$=0.044 with 322 reflections for $Ca_{35}Cs_{22}$-X, and $R_1$=0.058 and $R_2$=0.055 with 260 reflections for $Ca_{29}Cs_{34}$-X; $I>3\sigma(I).$ In both structures, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Cs^+$ ions are located at five different crystallographic sites. In dehydrated $Ca_{35}Cs_{22}$-X, sixteen $Ca^{2+}$ ions fill site I, at the centers of the double 6-rings(Ca-O=2.41(1) $\AA$ and $O-Ca-O=93.4(3)^{\circ}).$ Another nineteen $Ca^{2+}$ ions occupy site II (Ca-O=2.29(1) $\AA$, O-Ca-O=118.7(4)') and ten $Cs^+$ ions occupy site II opposite single six-rings in the supercage; each is $1.95\AA$ from the plane of three oxygens (Cs-O=2.99(1) and $O-Cs-O=82.3(3)^{\circ}).$ About three $Cs^+$ ions are found at site II', 2.27 $\AA$ into sodalite cavity from their three-oxygen plane (Cs-O=3.23(1) $\AA$ and $O-Cs-O=75.2(3)^{\circ}).$ The remaining nine $Cs^+$ ions are statistically distributed over site Ⅲ, a 48-fold equipoint in the supercages on twofold axes (Cs-O=3.25(1) $\AA$ and Cs-O=3.49(1) $\AA).$ In dehydrated $Ca_{29}Cs_{34}$-X, sixteen $Ca^{2+}$ ions fill site I(Ca-O=2.38(1) $\AA$ and $O-Ca-O=94.1(4)^{\circ})$ and thirteen $Ca^{2+}$ ions occupy site II (Ca-O=2.32(2) $\AA$, $O-Ca-O=119.7(6)^{\circ}).$ Another twelve $Cs^+$ ions occupy site II; each is $1.93\AA$ from the plane of three oxygens (Cs-O=3.02(1) and $O-Cs-O=83.1(4)^{\circ})$ and seven $Cs^+$ ions occupy site II'; each is $2.22\AA$ into sodalite cavity from their three-oxygen plane (Cs-O=3.21(2) and $O-Cs-O=77.2(4)^{\circ}).$ The remaining sixteen $Cs^+$ ions are found at III site in the supercage (Cs-O=3.11(1) $\AA$ and Cs-O=3.46(2) $\AA).$ It appears that $Ca^{2+}$ ions prefer sites I and II in that order, and that $Cs^+$ ions occupy the remaining sites, except that they are too large to be stable at site I.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.12-15
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• 2022

The effect of SiO₂, Na₂O and CaO on isokom temperatures in soda-lime glass is estimated by comparing calculated isokom temperatures using viscosity model proposed by Lakatos. The isokom temperatures at the viscosity of log η = 12.3, 10, 6.6 and 1 (Pa·s) are lowered by 6, 7, 10 and 24℃, respectively, by the substitution of SiO₂ with Na₂O by 1 mol%. Meanwhile, replacing 1 mol% of SiO₂ with CaO raises the isokom temperatures by 3~4 and 2℃ at the viscosity of log η = 12.3 and 10 (Pa·s), respectively, but lowers the temperatures by 1 and 21℃ at the viscosity of log η = 6.6 and 1(Pa·s), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.590-594
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• 2018

ZnO micro/nanocrystals are formed by a vapor transport method. Mixtures of ZnO and TiO powders are used as the source materials. The TiO powder acts as a reducing agent to reduce the ZnO to Zn and plays an important role in the formation of ZnO micro/nanocrystals. The vapor transport process is carried out in air at atmospheric pressure. When the weight ratios of TiO to ZnO in the source material are lower than 1:2, no ZnO micro/nanocrystals are formed. However, when the ratios of TiO to ZnO in the source material are greater than 1:1, the ZnO crystals with one-dimensional wire morphology are formed. In the room temperature cathodoluminescence spectra of all the products, a strong ultraviolet emission centered at 380 nm is observed. As the ratio of TiO to ZnO in the source material increases from 1:2 to 1:1, the intensity ratio of ultraviolet to visible emission increases, suggesting that the crystallinity of the ZnO crystals is improved. Only the ultraviolet emission is observed for the ZnO crystals prepared using the source material with a TiO/ZnO ratio of 2:1.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1978

The possiblity of mullitization from the domestic alunite by adding of $Fe_2O_3-MnO_2$, $Fe_2O_3-MnO_2-TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3-MnO_2-CaF_2$, and $Fe_2O_3-MnO_2-CaF_2-TiO_2$ mixtures as mineralizers was studied at the temperature range between $1, 250^{\circ}C$~$1, 430^{\circ}C$. The modifying method of domestic alunite was performed by calcination, wet ballmilling, and washing with water. The following results were obtained; 1) When added of 3.0% $Fe_2O_3$ plus 1.0-1.5% $MnO_2$ to modified alunite, the appropriate temperature range of mullite-forming was $1, 350^{\circ}C$-$1, 400^{\circ}C$. 2) When added of $TiO_2$ as mineralizer, the mullite-forming temperature was higher than not added. 3) When added of $CaF_2$ as mineralizer, the synthesized mullite was resolve at the temperature above $1, 350^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.20-32
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• 1992

$Na_2O-CaO-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ glass was taken as a basic glass and then $Li_2O$ O.5wt%, $K_2O$ 2.0wt% were substituted to $Na_2O$content, MgO 12.0wt %, ZnO 6.0wt % to CaO content. And also nucleation agent $ZrO_2 and $CaF_2$ were added to 1-2wt% respectively. The crystal according to the compositions appeared wollastonite, diopside and diopside.tremolite. The glasses substituted NazO by LizO was decreased thermal expansion coeffcient but substituted by ZnO was opposite direction and both of them increased bending strength. In the ratio of ZrOz to CaF, each 1: 1 and 1: 2 have shown considerable crystal growth at $1000^{circ}C~1050^{\circ}C$ and high bending strength, but the glass in the ratio 1: 2 have shown lowest thermal expansion coefficient. The activation energy was at the glass in the ratio of ZrO, to CaFz 1:2 evaluated 55.24kvsl/mol by Ozawa type and 53.05kal/mol by kissinger type.