• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.74-74
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• 1997

Chicory is used popularly. We use leaves of the plant as ordinary mea1, and roots as a substitute of tea materials. It also has been asserted that it has clinical effects on weakness, hepatic disease, diabetes, etc. However, experimental evidences are so insufficient that we started these studies. For antiinflammatory activity, MeOH Ex. was orally administered to rats, and decreased amounts of paw edema induced by carrageenan injection were measured. For bile secretion increament, rats were administered total MeOH, EtOAc fraction, and BuOH fraction Ex. respectively. One hour later, bile ducts were cannulated, and we collected bile every 20 minutes for 4 hours. For hepatoprotective activity, CCl$_4$-intoxicated mouse were treated with MeOH Ex., then s-GPT, S-GOT, and liver weight were measured. For antidiabetic activity, rats were induced diabetes by streptozocin 45mg/kg(i.v) injection. One week later, 1000mg/kg of total MeOH Ex. of chicory root was orally administered. We divided rats into three groups. Group 1 rats were administered only once, group 2 ones once a day for one week, and group 3 ones for three weeks. The concentrations of serum glucose were measured before and after administration. For antihypertensive activity, SHR were administrated total MeOH Ex. of chicory once a day for 8 days, and were measured blood pressure on 1st, 3rd, 6th and 8th day. Total MeOH, EtOAc fraction, and BuOH fraction Ex. increased bile secretion in rats, and decreased liver toxicity induced by CCl$_4$ in mouse. Total MeOH, Ex. of chicory roots has antiinflammatory effect, and decreased blood glucose concentration in group 2 and 3 rats. It was revealed not lowering blood pressure significantly in SHR.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.243-251
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• 2009

Present study was conducted to evaluate the anti oxidative activity of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves on non-lipid oxidative damage. The antioxidative activity of methanolic (MeOH) extract of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves on non-lipid oxidation, including liposome oxidation, deoxyribose oxidation, protein oxidation, chelating activity against metal ions, scavenging activity against hydrogen peroxide, scavenging activity against hydroxyl radical and 2'-deoxyguanosine (2'-dG) oxidation were investigated. The MeOH extract of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves exhibited high anti oxidative activity in the liposome model system. Deoxyribose peroxidation was inhibited by the MeOH extract of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves and MeOH extract of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves provided remarkable protection against damage to deoxyribose. Protective effect of MeOH extracts of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves on protein damage was observed at $600{\mu}g$ level (82.05%). The MeOH extracts of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves at $300{\mu}g$ revealed metal binding ability (32.64%) for hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the oxidation of 2'-deoxyguanosine (2'-dG) to 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2'dG) was inhibited by MeOH extracts of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves and scavenging activity for hydroxyl radical exhibited a remarkable effect. From the results in the present study on biological model systems, we concluded that MeOH extract of the Agrimonia pilosa-Ledeb leaves was effective in the protection of non-lipids against various oxidative model systems.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1979

The hemicellulose fraction of ryegrass straw was extracted with NaOH and used for production of glucose isomerase by Streptomyces flavogriseus. Up to 25％ crude hemicellulose (20％ as pentosan) could he obtained by treating straw with 1 to 24％ NaOH. The yield of hemicellulose was increased proportionately with increasing NaOH concentration up to 4％, but the rate of increase was slowed thereafter. The optimum condition for hemicellulose extraction from ryegrass straw was to treat straw with 4％ NaOH for 3hrs at 9$0^{\circ}C$ or 24hrs at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Highest level of glucose isomerase activity (3.04 units/ml culture) was obtained when the organism was grown for 2 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$ on 2％ straw hemicellulose. The organism also produced a good quantity of glucose isomerase on xylan, xylose or H$_2$SO$_4$-hydrolysate of straw. The hemicellulose-extracted straw residue could be used as animal feed, because the residue had 75％ higher digestibility and 20％ better feed efficiency for weanling meadow voles than the untreated straw.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.604-609
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• 2015

The active metabolite of vitamin D such as $1{\alpha}$,25-dihydroxyvitamin ($D_3(1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3)$ is a well-known key regulatory factor in bone metabolism. However, little is known about the potential of vitamin D as an odontogenic inducer in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin $D_3$ metabolite, $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$, on odontoblastic differentiation in HDPCs. HDPCs extracted from maxillary supernumerary incisors and third molars were directly cultured with $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ in the absence of differentiation-inducing factors. Treatment of HDPCs with $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ at a concentration of 10 nM or 100 nM significantly upregulated the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein1 (DMP1), the odontogenesis-related genes. Also, $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ enhanced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization in HDPCs. In addition, $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), whereas the ERK inhibitor U0126 ameliorated the upregulation of DSPP and DMP1 and reduced the mineralization enhanced by $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$. These results demonstrated that $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ promoted odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs via modulating ERK activation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

An 80% EtOH extract and the solvent fractions of the seeds of Cornus officinalis were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and AGEs-induced protein cross-linking in vitro. In vitro assay for AGEs-bovine serum albumin (BSA) formation showed that the 80% EtOH extract, n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water fractions significantly inhibited AGEs formation with observed $IC_{50}$ values of 1.13, 17.64, 1.52, 1.24 and $3.27{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In indirect AGEs-ELISA assay, the 800% EtOH extract, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions exhibited more potent inhibitory activity on AGEs-BSA formation than aminoguanidine, a well know AGEs inhibitor. Furthermore, the 80% EtOH extract and all the solvent fractions inhibited concentration-dependently AGE-BSA cross-linking to collagen. The 80% EtOH extract, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water fractions also had a breaking activity against preformed AGE-BSA cross-linking concentration dependently. Thus these results suggest that the 80% EtOH extract and fractions of the seeds of C. officinalis could be an inhibitor as well as breaker of AGE-BSA cross-linking.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.517-531
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• 2002

The speciation and solubility of Am, Np, Pu and U have been analyzed by means of the geochemical code MUGREM, under the chemical conditions of domestic deep groundwater, in order to support the preliminary safety assessment for a Korean HLW disposal concept. Under the conditions of groundwaters studied, the stable solid phase is AmOHC $O_3$(s) or Am(OH)$_3$(s), soddyite((U $O_2$)$_2$ $SiO_2$.2$H_2O$) or N $a_2$ $U_2$ $O_{7}$ (c), Np(OH)$_4$(am), and Pu(OH)$_4$(am) for Am, U, Np, and Pu, respectively. The dominating aqueous species are as follows: the complexes of Am(III), Am(OH)$_2$$^{+}$ and Am(C $O_3$)$_2$$^{[-10]}$ , the complexes of U(VI), U $O_2$(OH)$_3$$^{[-10]}$ and U $O_2$(C $O_3$)$_3$$^{4-}$, the complexes of Np(IV), Np(OH)$_4$(aq) and Np(OH)$_3$C $O_3$, and the complexes of Pu(IV), Pu(OH)$_4$(aq) and Pu(OH)$_3$C $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ . The calculated solubilities exist between 1.9E-10 and 1.3E-9 mol/L for Am, between 5.6E-6 and 1.2E-4 mol/L for U, between 3.1E-9 and 1.3E-8 mol/L for Np, and between 6.6E-10 and 2.4E-10 mol/L for Pu, depending on groundwater conditions. The present solubilities of each actinide agree well with the results of other studies obtained under similar conditions.s.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.4044-4052
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• 1996

Planar images of OH and $O_{2}$ with tunable KrF excimer laser which has a) 0.5 $cm^{-1}$ / linewidth, b) 0.5 nm tuning range, c) 150 mJ pulse energy, and d) 20 ns pulse width are obtained to determine spatial distributions of OH and $O_{2}$ in premixed $C_{3}$H$_{8}$ /O$_{2}$ flame. The technique is based on planar laser induced pre-dissociative fluorescence(PLIPF) in which collisional quenching is almost avoided because of the fast pre-dissociation. Dispersed LIPF spectra of OH and $O_{2}$ are also measured in a flame in order to confirm the excitation of single vibronic state of OH and $O_{2}$, OH and $O_{2}$ are excited on the P$_{2}$(8) line of the $A^{2}$.SIGMA.$^{+}$(v'= 3)-X$^{2}$.PI.(v'||'||'&'||'||'quot;= 0) band and R(17) line of the Schumann-Runge band B$^{3}$.SIGMA.$_{u}$ $^{[-10]}$ (v'= 0)- X$^{3}$.SIGMA.$_{g}$ $^{[-10]}$ (v'||'||'&'||'||'quot;= 6), respectively. Dispersed OH and $O_{2}$ spectra show an excellent agreement with simulated spectrum and previous works done by other group respectively. It is confirmed that OH widely distributed around flame front area than $O_{2}$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.469-476
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• 2009

The antioxidant activities of two crude extracts ($CH_2Cl_2$ and MeOH) and their solvent fractions (n-hexane, 85% aq. MeOH, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions) from Corydalis heterocarpa were determined by evaluating authentic $ONOO^-$ and $ONOO^-$ generated from SIN-1 (3-morpholinsydnonimine) in vitro as well as by measuring the degree of occurrence of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Scavenging activities of solvent fractions on authentic $ONOO^-$ increased in the order of n-BuOH > 85% aq. MeOH > $H_2O$ > n-hexane fractions, while those on $ONOO^-$ generated from SIN-1 increased in the order of n-BuOH > 85% aq. MeOH > $H_2O$ > n-hexane fractions. In addition, all solvent fractions effectively inhibited the intracellular ROS and NO levels. The n-BuOH fraction especially exhibited the strongest ROS scavenging effect. Further purification of n-BuOH fraction led to the isolation of cnidimoside A, which presented the potent ROS scavenging effect at $10\;{\mu}M$. From these results, extracts of C. heterocarpa and its component, cnidimoside A, were predicted to be potentially useful as ingredients for protecting against oxidation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.98.1-98.1
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 정전류 조건에서 알루미늄 합금의 PEO(Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation) 피막 형성 거동에 대한 전해질 조성의 영향을 아크 발생 양상, 전압-시간 곡선 및 형성된 표면피막의 구조를 관찰하여 연구하였다. 실험에 사용된 전해질은 NaOH 수용액에 $Na_2SiO_3$을 혼합하여 구성되었으며, NaOH와 $Na_2SiO_3$의 농도는 각각 0.01 ~ 1.0 M 와 0 ~ 2.0 M 사이로 조절되었다. 0.01 M NaOH 이하의 용액에서는 양극전압이 500 V 이상으로 상승되고 미세한 아크가 시편 표면 전체에 발생했으나, 0.02 M NaOH 이상의 농도에서는 양극전압이 300 V 이하로 감소되었고 아크발생이 관찰되지 않았다. 아크발생이 일어나지 않는 고농도의 0.5 M NaOH 용액의 경우 0.1 M 이상의 $Na_2SiO_3$를 첨가하였을 때 작은 아크의 무리가 발생되었다. 0.5 M NaOH 수용액에 0.1 M ~ 0.2 M $Na_2SiO_3$가 첨가되었을 땐 아크 무리가 발생하나 이내 일부 영역에서만 반복적으로 아크가 발생하는 로컬 버닝 현상이 일어났다. 한편 0.5 M NaOH 수용액에 0.5 M 이상의 $Na_2SiO_3$가 첨가되었을 때는 로컬 버닝이 일어나지 않고 전 표면에 걸쳐서 아크 무리가 이동하며 PEO 피막이 형성되었다. 0.01 M NaOH 수용액에서 형성된 PEO 피막의 두께는 처리 시간에 따라 증가하지 않고 $10{\mu}m$ 이하의 낮은 값을 보였다. 반면에 NaOH와 $Na_2SiO_3$ 혼합수용액에서 형성된 피막의 두께는 약 $30{\mu}m$ 이상의 높은 값을 보였다.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2015

In this study, we evaluated properties of pulp treated with swelling agent and swelling concentration. We used swelling agent, such as NaOH, DMSO, urea. One of them, pulps treated with NaOH from 0 to 5% measured WRV, beating efficiency, crystallinity and aspect ratio. We identified that NaOH when freeness reaches 100mL CSF was the shortest, on the other hand, WRV didn't change. Because NaOH is good beating efficiency, when pulp treated with various concentration of NaOH from 0 to 5%, pulp treated 1% NaOH was best beating efficiency. However, WRV, crystalline structure and crystallinity didn't change. The more NaOH concentration increased, the more aspect ratio increased, but when NaOH concentration exceeds 3%, aspect ratio decreased. As a result, pulp treated with 1% NaOH was the greatest beating efficiency and WRV, chemical structure didn't change.