• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2010

본 연구는 국화과 15종 식물 꽃 추출물의 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드의 함량, DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거능, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating 효과 및 linoleic acid의 과산화 억제활성을 분석하여 새로운 식물 유래의 항산화제 소재를 개발하기 위하여 시행하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 저먼캐모마일 꽃, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 코스모스의 꽃에서 가장 높았으며, 미국쑥부쟁이의 꽃과 수리취 꽃봉오리의 페놀성 물질 함량도 높게 나타났다. 알프스민들레의 꽃 추출물은 DPPH radical 소거능이 가장 높았으며, BHT보다 1.14배 높은 DPPH radical 소거능을 보였다. ABTS radical 소거능은 저먼캐모마일꽃과 수리취 꽃봉오리의 추출물에서 우수하였으며, 각각 ascorbic acid보다 1.9, 1.2배 높고 BHT보다 2.1, 1.3배 높은 ABTS radical 소거활성을 보였다. $Fe^{2+}$ chelating 효과는 저먼캐모마일꽃에서 가장 높았으나, EDTA의 chelating 효과 보다 극히 낮았다. 32일 동안 4일 간격으로 추출물의 linoleic acid 과산화 억제활성을 조사한 결과, 저먼케모마일과 톱풀의 꽃 추출물은 BHT보다 지질과산화 억제활성이 우수하고, 32일까지 지질과산화 억제활성이 유지되어 장기간 동안 지질과산화를 억제할 수 있었다. 또한 각시취와 수리취의 꽃추출물도 BHT보다 지질과산화 억제활성이 우수하고 지속기간도 길게 나타났다. 연구의 결과, 식물 종에 따라 항산화효과가 다르게 나타났으며 목적으로 하는 항산화 효과에 맞는 식물종을 선택하여 항산화제를 개발할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2005

신선초에서 항산화 활성 물질을 분리하기 위해 신선초를 80% 에탄올 추출하고 추출물에 대한 계통 분획을 실시하여 n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol 및 water의 총 5가 분획으로 나누어 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과 ethyl acetate 분획의 활성이 가장 높아 ethyl acetate 분획물로부터 항산화 활성 물질을 분리 정제하였다. Silica gel column chromatography를 통하여 chloroform : methanol : water의 용매 조건을 점차적으로 변경하면서 소분획으로 나누고 항산화 활성이 가장 높은 소분획에 대해서 acetylation 반응을 실시하고 이를 n-hexane : ethyl acetate : methanol의 용매 조건으로 단일 물질로 분리 한후 deacetylation 반응을 거쳐 최종 두 개의 단일 화합물을 획득했다. 두 개의 단일 화합물에 대한 구조 해석을 기기분석을 통해서 진행 한 결과 이 두 화합물을 각각 isoquercitrin과 hyperoside로 최종 동정하였다. Isoquercitrin과 hyperoside에 대한 항산화 활성을 DPPH radical 소거법, ABTS radical 소거법, OH radical 소거법 및 $H_{2}O_{2}$ 소거법으로 측정한 결과 4가지 assay법에 대해서 저농도에서 고른 항산화 활성을 나타냈고, 또한 DNA 손상에 대한 보호 효과를 측정한 결과 isoquercitrin과 hyperoside 모두 손상된 DNA에 대한 보호 효과를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 isoquercitrin과 hyperoside는 DPPH radical 소거능과 ABTS radical 소거능과 같은 기본적인 항산화 활성과 더불어 DNA 손상에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 OH radical과 $H_{2}O_{2}$에 대해서 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내면서 동시에 DNA 손상에 대한 보호 효과를 나타냄으로써 다양한 경로의 항산화 메커니즘에 작용한다는 사실을 유추해 볼 수 있으며 산업적으로 유용한 소재로서의 연구가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2007

The radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts of seaweeds and their active compounds, alginic acid, fucoidan and phloroglucinol, were investigated under in vitro. Among methanol extracts of seaweeds (sea mustard, sea tangle, seaweed papulosa, fusiforme, sea lettuce, purple laver and chlorella), seaweed papulosa and sea tangle showed strong scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$). In addition, under in vitro, the scavenging activities on DPPH radical of alginic acid and fucoidan, which are active compounds of brown algae, and phloroglucinol, the active compound from Ecklonia species, were evaluated and compared. Fucoidan and phloroglucinol showed strong DPPH scavenging effect, in particular, phloroglucinol had strongest activity among the active compounds. On the other hand, alginic acid did not exert DPPH scavenging activity. From the present study, we could confirm the antioxidative activity of seaweeds and its active compounds.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2021

The overproduction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes oxidative damage to neuronal cells, leading to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we determined the nitric oxide radical (NO), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and superoxide anion radical (O₂^-) scavenging activities of apigenin. Our results showed that apigenin exhibited remarkable, concentration-dependent ·OH, O₂^-, and NO radical scavenging activities. Particularly, apigenin indicated the strongest ·OH radical scavenging activity with 93.38% in the concentration of 100 µM. Furthermore, we also investigated the protective effects of apigenin against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. The H₂O₂ treatment resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, as well as an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and ROS production compared with the H₂O₂-nontreated SH-SY5Y cells. However, the cell viability significantly increased in the apigenin-treated group, as well as inhibited ROS generation and LDH release compared with the H₂O₂-induced control group. To elucidate the protective mechanisms of apigenin against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y, we analyzed the apoptosis-related protein expression. The apigenin treatment resulted in the downregulated expression of apoptosis-related protein markers, such as cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3, poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP), and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X (Bax), as well as the upregulated expression of anti-apoptosis markers such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). In this study, we report that apigenin exhibits a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that apigenin may be considered as a potential agent for neurodegenerative disease prevention.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1557-1566
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• 2004

A flame extinction phenomenon is a typical unsteady process in combustion. Flame extinction is characterized by various physical phenomena, such as convection, diffusion, and the production of heat and mass. Flame extinction can be achieved by either increasing the strain rate or curvature, by diluting an inert gas or inhibitor, or by increasing the thermal or radiant energy loss. Though the extinction is an inherently transient process, steady and quasi-steady approaches have been used as useful tools for understanding the flame extinction phenomenon. Recently, unsteady characteristics of flames have been studied by many researchers, and various attempts have been made to understand unsteady flame behavior, by using various extinction processes. Representative parameters for describing flame, such as flame temperature, important species related to reactions, and chemi-luminescence of the flame have been used as criterions of flame extinction. In these works, verification of each parameter and establishing the proper criterions of the extinction has been very important. In this study, a time-dependent flame temperature and an OH radical concentration were measured using optical methods, and the instantaneous change of the flame luminosity was also measured using a high-speed ICCD (HICCD) camera. We compare the unsteady extinction points obtained by three different methods, and we discuss transient characteristics of maximum flame temperature and OH radical distribution near the extinction limit.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.170-175
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• 1999

국내 식물자원으로부터 천연 항산화물질을 탐색하기 위하여 항산화활성이 기대되는 38종의 식물을 MeOH 수용액으로 추출한 후, EtOAc와 물로 분배, 추출하였다. 각 추출물에 대하여 DPPH radical 소거활성을 검정하였고, 이중에 작약을 포함한 13종의 식물에서 활성이 확인되었다. 작약뿌리로부터 항산화물질을 분리하기 위하여 80% MeOH 수용액으로 추출, 농축하였고, 이를 EtOAc, n-BuOH 및 물로 계통분획하였다. 활성이 확인된 n-BuOH과 EtOAc층에 대하여 활성을 추적해가며 column chromatography를 반복하여 3종의 활성물질을 분리하였다. 이들의 화학구조를 NMR 등의 spectral data를 해석하여 (+)-catechin, $1,2,3,4-tetragalloyl-6-digalloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ 및 $1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$로 동정하였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2007

Antioxidant activity of 70% aqueous ethanolic extract of leaves of Justicia gendarussa (EJ) was evaluated. EJ was prepared by cold maceration method. The antioxidant potency of EJ was investigated employing various established in vitro systems, such as DPPH radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, ${\beta}-carotene$ linoleic acid module system (${\beta}$ CLAMS), hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging, anti lipid peroxidation. $IC_{50}$ values were determined in each experiment. Also, ferric ion reduction capacity of extracts in presence and absence of chelating agent (EDTA) and total antioxidant capacity were determined. Preliminary phytochemical investigation was carried out to know the nature of constituents present in the leaves and correlate it with antioxidant activity. Further total phenolic content was determined in EJ. $IC_{50}$ values of EJ were 123.09 ${\pm}$ 3.01, 643.0 ${\pm}$ 61.10, 132.3 ${\pm}$ 6.03, 68.5 ${\pm}$ 11.5 and 68.13 ${\pm}$ 1.38 ${\mu}g/mL$ in DPPH radical scavenging, NO scavenging, ${\beta}$ CLAMS, OH radical scavenging and anti lipid peroxidation activity respectively. In total antioxidant capacity assay, ascorbic acid equivalent value was found to be 205.56 ${\pm}$ 4.69 ${\mu}g/mg$ of extract. Total phenolic content was found to be 43.76 ${\pm}$ 4.27 ${\mu}g$ equivalent of gallic acid per mg of extract. Phytochemical investigation reveals the presence of flavonoids. The results indicate that EJ possess antioxidant activity and flavonoids are responsible for this activity.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2011

The present study was conducted to examine the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation levels in porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Porcine in vitro matured oocytes were activated by the combination of electric stimulus and 6-DMAP before in vitro culture. Porcine oocytes and parthenogenetic embryos were stained in 10 ${\mu}M$ dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF) or 10 ${\mu}M$ hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF) dye each for 30 min at $39^{\circ}C$. The fluorescent emissions from the samples were recoded as JPEG file and the intensity of fluorescence in oocytes and embryos were analyzed. $H_2O_2$ and $^{\cdot}OH$ radical levels of porcine oocytes were reduced immediately after electric stimulation. However, $H_2O_2$ and $^{\cdot}OH$ radical levels of parthenogenetic embryos were increased with time elapsed after electric stimulation from 0 h to 3 h and after DMAP culture. During in vitro culture, $H_2O_2$ and $^{\cdot}OH$ radical levels were gradually increased from the one-cell stage to the two- and four-cell stages. The result of the present study suggests that the ROS was not increased by electric pulse in porcine embryos. Rather than it seems to be associated with the stage of development and the culture condition.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2017년도 제48회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1135-1139
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• 2017

화염 내 화학종의 공간적 분포는 화염의 구조 및 연소 특성을 이해하는데 중요한 지표가 되며, 그 계측을 위해 발광분광법 (Optical emission spectroscopy)은 간단하고 비침투적인 진단 방식으로 인해 널리 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 측정 line-of-sight 방향의 공간 분해 계측 목적으로 개발된 발광분광기를 이용한 로켓 플룸 내 화학종 (OH radical) 분포 계측의 가능성을 제시하였다. 발광분광기의 측정 신호로부터 바닥 상태의 화학종 농도를 예측하기 위해 화염 내 열적 여기와 화학적 여기 기작을 고려하였으며, 열적으로 여기된 종에 대해서 열적 평형 상태를 가정하였다. 또한 발광분광기의 공간 분해 성능 및 공간에 따른 수광 특성을 보정하기 위한 방법론을 제시하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.198.2-198.2
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• 2016

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can be generated by using non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet which have profound biomedical applications [1, 2]. In this work, reactive oxygen species like hydroxyl radical (OH) are generated by using non-thermal direct plasma jet above water surface using Ar gas and their properties have been studied using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. OH radicals are found to be generated simultaneously with the discharge current with concentration of $2.7{\times}1015/cm3$ at 7mm above water surface while their persistence time have been measured to be $2.8{\mu}S$. In addition, it has been shown that plasma initiated ultraviolets play a major role to generate RONS inside water. Further works are going on to measure the temporal behavior of OH and $O2^*-$.