• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.155-155
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• 2011

용융탄산염 연료전지(MCFC)는 $650^{\circ}C$에서 작동하는 고온형 연료전지 시스템이다. 이 시스템은 천연가스 등을 개질하여 생산된 수소를 바로 전기로 생산할 수 있는 시스템으로 열효율이 높으며, 현재 대체 발전시스템으로 각광을 받고 있다. MCFC는 개질방식에 따라 내부개질 방식과 외부개질 방식이 있다. 내부개질 방식은 수소를 생산하는 개질기가 스택내부에 장착된 형식으로 천연가스를 스택내부에서 개질하여 바로 전기를 생산하는 방식이다. 이 내부개질반응에 사용되는 촉매로는 알루미나에 고함량 (약 50 wt.%)으로 담지된 니켈(Ni) 계열촉매이 주로 쓰이고 있다. 이 고함량으로 담지된 촉매는 대부분 높은 활성을 보인다. 비교적 낮은 온도 운전조건 (약 $580{\sim}620^{\circ}C$)을 가지는 MCFC 내부개질에 적용하기 위해서는 활성점인 니켈을 최대한 담지체에 고르게 분산 시켜야한다. 이를 위해서 MgO를 이용하여 촉매의 활성점을 높게 분산시키는 연구를 진행 하였다. 촉매를 제조하는 방법으로 요소(urea)를 이용한 균일용액침전법을 이용하였다. 니켈함량은 50 wt.%로 고정을 한 다음, MgO 양과 $Al_2O_3$ 양을 각각 0 ~ 45 wt.%와 5 ~ 50 wt.%로 조절하면서 촉매를 제조하여 그 특성들을 분석하였다. 물성을 비교하기 위해서, X-선 회절분석 (XRD) 및 TPR, 물리화학흡착 실험을 하였다. 촉매의 활성을 살펴보기 위해서, fresh 상태 및 피독 상태에서 메탄수증기 개질활성 실험을 실시하였다. MgO 함량이 없거나 적은 촉매에서는 높은 BET surface area와 작은 NiO, metallic Ni 결정 크기가 나타났다. 반면 MgO 함량이 높은 촉매에서 낮은 BET surface area와 비교적 큰 NiO, metallic Ni 결정 크기가 나타났다. 또한 XRD 분석에서 MgO 함량이 증가할 수 록 MgO 결정 피크가 명확히 나타났으며, $MgAl_2O_4$ 피크는 나타나지 않았다. TPR 분석에서 촉매들의 환원 피크를 측정한 결과, 저함량의 MgO를 포함한 촉매는 $700^{\circ}C$ 부근에 환원 피크가 관찰되었고 MgO가 고함량인 촉매는 환원 피크가 $400^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 관찰되었다. 촉매의 초기 fresh 상태에서의 활성은 고함량 MgO를 포함한 Ni-90M10A 샘플을 제외하고 모든 촉매가 거의 비슷하게 나타났다. 그러나 $K_2CO_3$ 피독 상태에서는 MgO 함량이 증가할 수 록 활성이 좋지 않았음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 MgO가 소량 포함된 촉매의 경우 fresh 상태에서는 우수한 물성과 활성을 보이지만, 피독상태에서는 MgO가 포함되지 않은 Ni-$Al_2O_3$ 촉매가 우수한 활성을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.41-42
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.330-336
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• 2023

The effects of Ni²⁺ substitution for Mg²⁺-sites on the microwave dielectric properties of (Mg_1-xNi_x)(Ti_0.95(Mg_1/3Ta_2/3)_0.05)O₃ (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) (MNTMT) ceramics were investigated. MNTMT ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. When the MgO / TiO₂ ratio was changed from 1.00 to 1.02, MgTi₂O₅ was detected as a secondary phase along with the MgTiO₃ main phase in the MNTMT specimens sintered at 1,400 ℃ for 4h. For the MNTMT specimens with MgO / TiO₂ = 1.07 sintered at 1,400 ℃ for 4h, a single phase of MgTiO₃ with an ilmenite structure was obtained from the entire range of compositions. The relative density of all the specimens sintered at 1,400 ℃ for 4h was higher than 95 %. The quality factor (Qf) of the sintered specimens depended strongly on the degree of covalency of the specimens, and the sintered specimens with x = 0.01 showed the maximum Qf value of 489,400 GHz. The dielectric constant (K) decreased with increasing Ni²⁺ content because Ni²⁺ had a lower dielectric polarizability (1.23ų) than Mg²⁺ (1.32ų). As Ni²⁺ content increased, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) improved, from -55.56 to -21.85 ppm/℃, due to the increase in tolerance factor (t) and the lower dielectric constant (K).

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2014

X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used to investigate the influence of Ni ions on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of nickel-ferrites ($Ni_xFe_{3-x}O_4$). Spinel $Ni_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ ($x{\leq}0.96$) samples were prepared as polycrystalline thin films on $Al_2O_3$ (0001) substrates, using a sol-gel method. XRD patterns of the nickel-ferrites indicate that as the Ni composition increases (x > 0.3), a structural phase transition takes place from cubic to tetragonal lattice. The XPS results imply that the Ni ions in $Ni_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ substitute for the octahedral sites of the spinel lattice, mostly with the ionic valence of +2. The minority-spin d-electrons of the $Ni^{2+}$ ions are mainly distributed below the Fermi level ($E_F$), at around 3 eV; while those of the $Fe^{2+}$ ions are distributed closer to $E_F$ (~1 eV below $E_F$). The magnetic hysteresis curves of the $Ni_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ films measured by VSM show that as x increases, the saturation magnetization ($M_s$) linearly decreases. The decreasing trend is primarily attributable to the decrease in net spin magnetic moment, by the $Ni^{2+}$ ($2{\mu}_B$) substitution for octahedral $Fe^{2+}$ ($4{\mu}_B$) site.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.372-381
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• 2015

The effect of preparation method on the catalytic activities of the $Ni/Al_2O_3$ catalysts on steam reforming of ethylene glycol was investigated. The catalysts were prepared with various preparation methods such as an incipient wetness impregnation, wet impregnation, and coprecipitation method. In the case of coprecipitation method, various precipitants such as KOH, $K_2CO_3$, and $NH_4OH$ were compared. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using $N_2$ physisorption, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, temperatureprogrammed reduction, pulsed $H_2$ chemisorption, temperature-programmed oxidation, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Among the catalysts reduced at 773 K, the $Ni/Al_2O_3$ catalyst prepared by a coprecipitation with KOH or $K_2CO_3$ as precipitants showed the best catalytic performance. The preparation method affected the particle size of Ni, reducibility of nickel oxides, catalytic performance (activity and stability), and types of coke formed during the reaction. The $Ni/Al_2O_3$ catalyst prepared by a coprecipitation with KOH showed the increasing catalytic activity with an increase in the reduction temperature from 773 to 1173 K because of an increase in the reduction degree of Ni oxide species even though the particle size of Ni increased with increasing reduction temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.1 s.284
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• pp.55-61
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• 2006

The microwave dielectric properties and low temperature sintering of $Ca[Ti_{1-x}(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})_x]O_3$ system were investigated at the sintering temperature $1,200\~1,350^{\circ}C$. The density and quality factors $(Q{\times}f)$ increased while dielectric constants slightly decreased with the decrease of Ti. The dielectric constant, quality factor, and temperature coefficient of resonance frequency $(\tau_f)$ were 64, 17,000 GHz, and $-9.1\;ppm/^{\circ}C$ respectively, when $CaTi_{1/2}(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})_{1/2}O_3$ ceramics were sintered at $1,300^{\circ}C$ for 4 h. $2Li_2O-B_2O_3$ was added to $CaTi_{1/2}(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})_{1/2}O_3$ to decrease the sintering temperature for LTCC application. The microwave dielectric properties of the samples sintered at $925^{\circ}C$ for 2 h with the addition of $6\;wt\%\;2Li_2O-B_2O_3$ were $\varepsilon_r=48.7,\;Q{\times}f=8,460\;GHz$, and $\tau_f=+5.6ppm/^{\circ}C$. Compatibility test of the composition with silver electrode shows no reaction with silver electrode, implying the feasibility as a high-K LTCC material.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2004

Ni-Zn ferrite powder was synthesized from metal nitrates, Fe(N $O_3$)$_3$$.$9 $H_2$O, Ni(N $O_3$)$_2$$.$6 $H_2$O, Zn(N $O_3$)$_2$$.$6 $H_2$O by wet direct process to make high permeability material. The composition of the ferrite powder is (N $i_{0.284}$F $e_{0.053}$Z $n_{0.663}$)F $e_2$ $O_4$. Ni-Zn ferrite powder is compounded by precipitating metal nitrates with NaOH in vessel at 90$^{\circ}C$ synthetic temperature for 8 hours. Calcination temperature and sintering temperature were 700$^{\circ}C$ and 1150$^{\circ}C$-1250$^{\circ}C$ respectively for 2 hours. The same compound powder was extracted from metal oxide by wet ballmilling. We compared the properties of powder and the electromagnetic characteristics of the sintered cores obtained from the two different processes. Wet direct process produces smaller particle size with narrower distribution and higher purified ferrite which cores has high permeability and high magnetization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.226-226
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• 2012

The electronic and electrical properties of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were investigated by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Hall Effect measurements. REELS spectra revealed that the band gap of the NiO thin film was increased from 3.50 eV to 4.02 eV after annealing the sample at $800^{\circ}C$. Our XPS spectra showed that the amount of Ni2O3 decreased after annealing. The Hall Effect results showed that the doping type of the sample changed from n type to p type after annealing. The resistivity decreased drastically from $4.6{\times}10^3$ to $3.5{\times}10^{-2}$ ${\Omega}{\cdot}cm$. The mobility of NiO thin films was changed form $3.29{\times}10^3$ to $3.09{\times}10^5cm^2/V{\cdot}s$. Our results showed that the annealing temperature plays a crucial role in increasing the carrier concentration and the mobility which leads to lowering resistivity of NiO thin films.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.994-1000
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• 2001

With the development of electromagnetic communication technology and increased use of electromagnetic wave, the countermeasure of EMI(Electromagnetic Interference) becomes more important socially, and interest for the electromagnetic wave absorber has also increased. In this paper, we have studied characteristics of frequency dependency on complex permittivity and complex permeability according to the changes of composition rate and sintering temperature of NiCuZn ferrite also known as electromagnetic wave absorber and further looked into effect of electromagnetic wave absorption properties. From the measurement where the composition of $Fe_2O_3$ and ZnO of NiCuZn ferrite was fixed at 49 and 34 mol% respectively while composition of NiO and CuO has been varied at each test, we found out that Initial permeability and permittivity were high and the absorbing ability of electromagnetic wave recorded best with $loss tangent(=\mur"/\mur')$ displays more than 1 within the frequency band of 2MHz~9.5MHz when the composition ratio of NiO was ranged around 8.5~9.5 mol% and the sintering temperature was $1080^{\circ}C$.TEX>.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.168-172
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• 2006

We studied the magnetic and the related electronic properties of Ni-doped rutile $TiO_{2-{\delta}}$ films (including oxygen deficiency $\delta$) prepared using a sol-gel method. A room-temperature ferromagnetism was observed in the $TiO_{2-{\delta}}$ : Ni films with the saturation magnetization ($M_S$) decreasing with increasing Ni doping and remaining constant above 6 at% Ni doping. The observed ferromagnetism below 6 at% Ni doping is interpreted as due to magnetic polaron formed by a trapped electron in oxygen vacancy and magnetic impurity ions around it. For small Ni doping, $M_S$ up to $3.7{\mu}B/Ni$ was obtained. The ferromagnetism for Ni doping above 6 at% is interpreted as due to the existence of Ni clusters that can explain the p-n conductivity transition observed by Hall effect measurements.