• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.703-718
• /
• 2000

In order to investigate interannual variation of total ozone and reflectivity over the globe, Nimbus-7/TOMS data were used on the monthly mean and its anomaly for the period of 1979-92. This study also examined MSU channel 4(Ch4; lower-stratosphere) brightness temperature data and two model reanalyses of NCEP and GEOS to compare the ozone variation with atmospheric thermal condition. In addition, the MSU channel 1(Ch1 ; lower-troposphere) brightness temperature was used to compare with the reflectivity. The ozone showed strong annual cycle with downward trend(-6.3${\pm}$0.6 DU/decade) over the globe, and more distinct response to volcanic eruption than El Ni${\tilde{n}$o. The relationship between total ozone and MSU Ch4 observation, and between the ozone and model reanalyses of lower stratosphere temperature showed positive correlation(0.2-0.7) during the period of 1980-92. Reflectivity increased interannually by 0.2${\pm}$0.06%/decade over the globe during the above period and reflected El Ni${\tilde{n}$o(1982-83, 1991-92) well. Its variability in annual cycle was remarkably smaller in tropics than in higher latitudes. This is inferred due to cloud suppression and tropical upwelling regions. Reflectivity correlated negatively(-0.9) to the Ch1 temperature over the globe, but positively(0.2) over tropical ocean. The positive value over the ocean results from the effect of microwave emissivity which increases the Ch1 temperature with enhanced hydrometeor activity. Significant correlations between total ozone and the Ch4 temperature, and between reflectivity and the Ch1 Suggest that the TOMS data may use valuably to better understand the feedback mechanism of climate change.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.749-753
• /
• 2012

In present work, anode support for micro-tubular SOFC was fabricated with outer diameter of 3 mm and characterized with microstructure, mechanical properties and gas permeability. The microstructure of surface and cross section of a porous anode support were analyzed by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) image. The gas permeability and the mechanical strength of anode support was measured and analysed by using differential pressure at the flow rates of 50, 100, 150 cc/min. and using universal testing machine respectively. The unit cell composed of NiO-YSZ, YSZ, YSZ-LSM/LSM/LSCF was fabricated and operated with reaction temperature and fuel flow rate and showed maximum power density of $1095mW/cm^2$ on the condition of $800^{\circ}C$. The performance of single cell for micro-tubular SOFC increased with the increasing the reaction temperature due to the decrement of ohmic resistance of cell by the increment of the ionic conductivity of electrolyte through the evaluation of electrochemical impedance analysis for single cell with reaction temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.308-308
• /
• 2012

Electrodeposition of thermoelectric materials, including binary and ternary compounds, have been attracting attentions, because its many advantages including cost-effectiveness, rapid deposition rate, and ease of control their microstructure and crystallinity by adjusting electrodeposition parameters. In this work, $Bi_xTe_y$ films were potentiostatically electrodeposited using Au/Ni(80/20 nm)/Si substrate as the working electrode in solutions consisting of 10mM $TeO_2$ and 1M $HNO_3$ where $Bi(NO_3)_3$ was varied from 2.5 to 10 mM. Prior to electrodeposition potentiostatically, linear sweep voltammograms (LSV) were acquired with a standard three-electrode cell. The $Bi_xTe_y$ films deposited using the electrolyte containing low Bi ions shows p-type conductivity, which might be attributed by the large incorporation of Te phases. Near stoichiometric $Bi_2Te_3$ thin films were obtained from electrolytes containing 5mM $Bi(NO_3)_3$. This film shows the maximum Seebeck coefficient of $-100.3{\pm}12.7{\mu}V/K$. As the increase of Bi ions in electrolytes decreases the Seebeck coefficient and resistivity. The maximum power factor of $336.2{\mu}W/m{\cdot}K^2$ was obtained from the film deposited using the solution of 7.5mM $Bi(NO_3)_3$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2014.02a
• /
• pp.472.2-472.2
• /
• 2014

현재 결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 전 후면 전극의 형성은 스크린 프린팅 방법이 주를 이루고 있다. 스크린 프린팅 방법은 쉽고 빠르게 인쇄가 가능한 반면 단가가 높고 금속 페이스트에 첨가된 여러 혼합물에 의해서 전극과 기판 사이의 저항이 크다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 도금을 이용하여 태양전지의 전극을 형성한 후 태양전지의 전기적 특성을 비교하였다. 또한 단일반사방지막($SiN_x$) 증착 후 도금을 이용한 전극 형성 시 반사방지막의 pin-hole에 의해 전극 이외의 표면에 도금이 되는 ghost plating 현상이 발생하게 되는데, 이를 방지하기 위해 thermal oxidation을 이용하여 SiO2/SiNx 이중반사 방지막을 증착함으로써 ghost plating을 최소화 시켰다. Ni을 이용하여 전극과 기판 사이의 저항을 낮추었으며, 주요 전극은 Cu 도금을 사용함으로써 단가를 낮추었으며 마지막으로 Cu전극의 산화를 방지하기 위해 Ag을 이용하여 얇게 도금하였다. 실험에 사용된 Si 웨이퍼 특성은 p-형, $156{\times}156mm2$, $200{\mu}m$, $0.5{\sim}3.0{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ 이다. 웨이퍼는 표면조직화, p-n접합 형성, 반사방지막 코팅을 하였으며 스크린 프린팅 방법을 이용해 후면 전극을 인쇄하고 열처리 과정을 통해 전극을 형성하였다. 이 후 전면에 레이저를 이용해 전극 패턴을 형성한 후 도금을 실행하여 태양전지를 완성하였다. 완성된 태양전지는 솔라 시뮬레이터, QE 및 TLM패턴을 이용하여 전기적 특성을 분석하였으며, SEM과 linescan, 광학현미경 등을 이용하여 전극을 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2018.06a
• /
• pp.69.2-69.2
• /
• 2018

전기화학적 양극산화법에 의해 형성하는 TiO2 나노튜브층은 넓은 비표면적과 규칙적인 구조를 가지고 있어 광촉매, 태양 전지, 생체재료 분야 등 다양한 분야에서의 응용이 되고 있으며, 국내 외 많은 연구가 보고 되고 있다. 특히, 나노튜브 층의 성장 거동에 미치는 인자로는 용액의 pH, 점도 등의 전해질의 물성, 인가전압, 시간 등이 있으며, 그에 대해 많은 연구가 이루어졌고 보고되고 있다. 최근 들어, 앞서 설명한 인자 이외에 양극산화에 사용되는 기판의 특성(미세구조, 결정구조, 결함, 첨가 원소 등)이 나노튜브층 성장거동에 영향을 미친다고 보고되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전이금속으로 이루어진 Ti합금을 이용하여 첨가되는 합금원소가 산화막 성장 거동과 형태에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사 하였다. 본 연구에서는 Ti-Ni, Ti-Fe, Ti-Co 3종류 합금을 고진공 아크용해법으로 제조 하였으며, $1000^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 균질화 열처리를 하였다. 모든 합금은 최종 두께 2mm가지 냉간압연 하였으며, 양극산화는 동일한 조건에서 하였다. 생성된 나노튜브층의 표면 및 단면은 FE-SEM을 통해 관찰 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2002

The gas diffusion electrodes as oxygen cathodes f3r the brine electrolysis process were investigated. The gas diffusion electrode consists of a reaction layer, a gas diffusion layer, and a current distributor. The reaction layer was made from hydrophilic carbon black, hydrophobic carbon black, PTFE(polyterafluoroethylene), and Ag catalyst loaded by the silver mirror reaction or impregnation method. The gas diffusion layer was made from hydrophobic carbon black and PTFE, and Ni mesh was used as the current distributor in the reaction layer. The result that the gas diffusion electrode $(10wt\%\;Ag\;catalyst\;and\;20wt\%\;binder)$ manufactured by applying impregnation method to the carbon black f3r reaction layer showed the better performance was obtained from experiments. From the half-cell test, the measured overpotential of this oxygen cathode was about 700mV, And through the electrolysis experiment under the condition of $80^{\circ}C,\;32wt\%$ NaOH, and $300mA/cm^2$, the electrolysis voltage of this electrode was about 2.2 V, The gas diffusion electrodes manufactured in the present research were capable of continuous operations for three months.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.311-315
• /
• 2013

The geometry structures of hexa-coordinated [NiLX]X complexes ($X=Cl^-,\;Br^-,\;I^-$) {L = 8,9,18,19-tetrahydro-7H,17H-dibenzo[f,o] [1,5,9,13]dioxadiaza cyclohexadecine-8,18-diol} are optimized by density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/LANL2DZ. The calculated geometric parameters are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values. Calculation results about these complexes show that dipole moment decreases, and the energy levels of HOMOs descend from iodo-complex to chloro-complex. The energy levels of HOMOs descend gently from iodo-complex to chloro-complex, while the energy levels of LUMOs in the present complexes are almost similar; therefore the energy gapes between HOMOs and LUMOs increased from iodo-complex to chloro-complex.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2007.06a
• /
• pp.308-308
• /
• 2007

리륨이차전지의 용량의 증가를 위한 연구에 많은 노력과 재원이 투자되고 잇는 반면에, 용량과 성능증가 추세가 주춤한 최근에는 전지의 안전성에 큰 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그 이유는 전지의 성능 못지않게 안전성에 대한 의구심이 꾸준히 제기되고 있고, 대용량 고출력전지의 대표적인 예이 자동차용 전지에는 안전성에 대한 보장이 선결되어야 하기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 유기 전해액의 발화 및 폭발을 방지할수 있는 방법 중에서 첨가제에 의한 방법을 이용하여 그 첨가제의 전기화학적 특성 및 열적 안정성을 살펴보고 리튬이온전지에의 적용 가능성을 알아보았다. 특히 포스파젠 화합물들을 소량(1~5wt.%)첨가하여, 양극소재의 발열온도를 $60^{\circ}C$ 이상 지연시키고, 사이클 특성의 향상 및 용량의 증가도 실현함으로서 포스파젠 화합물의 유효성을 증명하였다. 아래의 Fig1은 Hexamethoxy cyclo tri-phosphazene(HMTP) 이라는 화합물의 난연성을 표기한 것인데, $270^{\circ}C$ 부근의 background peak가 $340^{\circ}C$까지 지연됨을 보여주고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.231-232
• /
• 2007

Nickel oxide thin films were deposited by the DC magnetron reactive sputtering process under the conditions such as various oxygen flow rates(0, 3, 6, 8, 10 sccm) with constant 33 sccm argon flow rate for the sputtering time of 40 second with the power of 0.3 kW. Sheet resistances were measured by the four point probes. In order to observe discharge voltage characteristics according to the oxygen flow rates, the sputtering processes were performed under the powers of 0.2kW and 0.3kW. The feasibility of the coating system for high quality ferromagnetic thin films was tested through the electromagnetic simulation and the thin film thickness measurement from the experiment. It was shown that a discharge voltage was decreased under the low power and low oxygen flow rate, since the oxygen was quickly saturated on nickel target surface. The sheet resistance was increased as oxygen flow rate increased. The film thickness deposited by the coating system for ferromagnetic target was improved approximately 10% in comparison with previous coating systems.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical properties and heavy metal concentration of soils in conventional and organic paddy. We sampled and analyzed topsoil (0~15 cm) and subsoil (15~30 cm) of conventional and organic paddy fields in Yongin and Anseong, South Korea. The statistical significance between groups was determined by Duncan's multiple range test and correlation between soil properties was also analyzed. The results show that organic matter (OM) and T-N of conventional paddy soil were higher than those of organic paddy soil. However, higher T-P concentration was observed in organic paddy soil than conventional paddy soil. As, Pb, and Zn concentration in organic paddy soil were statistically lower than those in conventional paddy soil. The couple of water content (WC) & As, OM & T-N, T-P & $P_2O_5$, T-P & Zn, $P_2O_5$ & Zn, and Cr & Ni had a good positive correlation but the couple of WC & T-P, WC & Zn, T-P & As, and As & Zn had a strong negative correlation. It can be concluded that organic farming is beneficial to soil environment by reducing the amounts of organic matter, T-N, As, Pb, and Zn concentration in paddy soil when compared to conventional farming.