• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.253-266
• /
• 1989

경북 의성 퇴적분지내에는 수개조의 함 Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag 열수석영맥이 주향 N $20^{\circ}-40^{\circ}W$, 경사 $70^{\circ}-80^{\circ}NE$의 단층면을 따라 충진되어 있으며, 맥폭은 1.0m 이하이고, 약 200m 이상 연장되어 있다. 광화작용은 구조운동에 수반되어 3회 (I, II, III기)에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 주 광화시기인 제 I 광화시기에는 주로 황동석, 유비철석, 황철석, 방연석, 섬아연석과 미량의 사면동석 및 함Pb, Ag, Sb, Bi 유염 광물 등이 산출된다. 유체 포유물 연구에 의하면, 제I광화작용시 동(銅)을 위시한 광석 광물은 7.5-4.5wt.% 염상당농도를 갖는 광화유체로부터 초기 $400^{\circ}C$에서 후기 $200^{\circ}C$에 걸쳐 침전되었고, $350^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 광화유체의 비등 현상이 있었음을 확인하였다. $H_2O-NaCl$ 임계곡선에 의해 구한 광화유체의 최대 압력은 150bar이고, 이는 1.7km의 심도에 해당된다. Cu의 침전은 전 유황종(種)의 농도가 $10^{-0.5}-10^{-1.8}M$인 광화유체가 약 $350^{\circ}C$에서 $250^{\circ}C$로 감소되면서 비등작용과 함께 천수유입에 의한 냉각 작용에 의하여, 광화유체 내의 유황, 산소의 분압이 각각 $10^{-8}$, $10^{-30}atm$.에서 $10^{-12}$, $10^{-36}atm$.으로 감소되고, 한편 pH가 증가되어, Cu complex 이온의 농도가 $10^3$에서 10ppm으로 감소되면서 주로 황동석으로 침전되었다. 함 Pb, Ag, Sb, Bi 유염광물은 $250^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 유황과 산소분압이 각각 $10^{-12}$, $10^{-36}atm$. 이하인 광화유체에서 계속되는 천수유입으로 인한 냉각작용과 희석작용에 의해 침전되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 1992

The influence of selenium to several toxic effects of cadmum, including lethality has been shown following pretreatment with cadmium, zinc and seleniurm Five groups of rats, each consisting of 16 rats, were studied and each group was divided into four subgroups, 4 rats for each subgroup. After subcutaneous pretreatment during 5 days with saline, CdCl$_{2}$ (0.5mg/kg, ZnCl$_{2}$ (13.0mg/kg) and $Na_{2}SeO_{3}$(1.0mg/kg), rats were given intraperitioneal administration of various dosage of or cadium of cadmium and selenium. After giving the challenge dose, cadmium and metallothionein(MT) concentrations were determined in liver and kidney The concentration of cadmium in liver and kideny increased proportionally to the increase of challenge dosage. The simultaneous administration of cadmium and selenium significantly more decrease cadmium concentrations in liver and kidney than those of the administration of cadmium only. However, MT concentrations in liver and kideny were increased by the pretreatment of cacmium, zinc and selenium. Our results suggest that increasing cadmium concentrations, gradully accumulating in the tissues of liver and kidney as a result of the pretreatment, served to induced the synthesis of MT, thus making them resistant to the challenge from cadmium.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.726-732
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of maintenance system as well as the effect of Se, Zn, and vitamin E supplementation of ram-lambs on the slaughter value and concentration of mineral elements in the loin muscle of lambs. The experiment was conducted on 72 Polish Merino ram-lambs divided into three groups: group C, indoor with no supplement, 19 lambs; S, indoor with supplement, 23 lambs; G, outdoor with no supplement, 30 lambs. From birth all the lambs were maintained indoor with their dams and then weaned at the age of 8 weeks. The rams from group C and S were placed in individual straw-bedded pens and fattened individually with concentrate mixture offered ad libitum until the age of 16 weeks. The lambs from group G were grazed every day from May to July (2 months). During the fattening period each lamb from the supplemented group S was administered per os 1 mL 0.1% $Na_2SeO_4$ (Se, 0.42 mg), 3 mL 10% $ZnSO_4$ (Zn, 68 mg), and 1 mL premix protect vitamin E (0.1 g ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, 5 mg lysine, 5 mg methionine) daily. A comparison of half carcasses across the groups has shown no difference between the control group and the one with supplements, while the weight of half carcasses in the grazing group was smaller in comparison with groups C and S (p<0.001). The meat content in the pelvic limb showed no differences across all groups under study. The pelvic limb of grazing lambs contained less fat compared to the control and supplemented groups (p<0.001). The concentrations of Se and Zn in the blood plasma of ram-lambs from the supplemented group were significantly higher than for the control and grazing lambs. Inorganic Se and Zn supplementation with vitamin E to the diet of lambs increased Se and Zn levels in loin muscle (p<0.001) to $0.46{\mu}g/g$ and $32.9{\mu}g/g$ in fresh tissue, respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.85-89
• /
• 1976

Gas chromatography를 이용하여 methylglyoxal, diacetyl 및 triose reductone과 같은 dicarbonyl류(類)를 분리측정(分離測定)할 수 있는 조건(條件)을 실험(實驗)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. MG, DAc, DTR의 혼합물(混合物)에 OPD를 반응시켜 quinoxaline 유도체(誘導體)를 만들고 이것을 클로로포름으로 추출(抽出)하면 MG 및 DAc는 거의 100%추출(抽出)되었고, DTR은 에틸에테르에 추출(抽出)되었다. 2. SE-30을 충진제로하여 얻어진 column 조건(條件)에서 MG-OPD와 DAc-OPD는 완전히 분리측정(分離測定)할 수 있었다. 3. 당류중(糖類中) glucose의 OPD 축합물형성조건(縮合物形成條件)은 D-glucose 180mg을 0.1N-NaOH 용액 10ml에서 5분간(分間) 가열후 OPD와 반응(反應)시켜 pH 6. 0에서 클로로포름으로 추출(抽出)하여 GLC에 겉면 5개의 peak가 나타났고, 그 중에서 2개는MG-OPD와 DAo-OPD임을 확인하였다. 그러나 중성(中性) 및 산성가열(酸性加熱)인 경우는 peak가 확실치 않았다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the bonding of resin- based root canal sealer, AH26 when the sealer was applied as a thin layer between dentine and gutta-percha surface. In this study forty non-caries extracted human molars and resin-based root canal sealer(AH 26, DeTrey/Dentsply, Germany) were used. Disks of gutta-percha, 6mm in diameter.6mm thick (Diadent/Dentsply, Korea) for thermoplastic obturation were used and dentin surfaces were treated with 2% NaOCl(Group 1) or 2%NaOCl+17% EDTA(Group 3). Disks of gutta-Percha, 6mm in diameter.6mm thick (Diadent/Dentsply, Korea) for conventional obturation were used and dentin surface were treated with 2% NaOCl(Group 2) or 2%NaOCl+17% EDTA(Group 4). Enamel was removed by a horizontal section 1mm below the deepest portion of the central occlusal groove by using a watercooled low speed diamond saw. A second horizontal section was done around cementoenamel junction. Exposed dentin surface was cut to approximately $8{\times}8{\;}mm$ rectangular shape and was ground against 320, 400, 600 grade silicon carbide abrasive paper serially. After grinding, the dentine surface were soaked in a solution of 2% NaOCl for 30 minutes and twenty of specimens were treated with 17% EDTA solution for 1 minute. The treated specimens were washed and dried, Root canal sealer, AH26 was prepared according to the manufacture's instructions The Gutta-percha and dentin surface were coated with a thin layer of the freshly mixed seal or. The specimens were left overnight at room temperature. After their initial set, they were transferred to an incubator at $37$^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. After 72 hours, resin blocks were made. The resin block was serially sectioned vertically into stick of $1{\cdot}1mm$. Twenty sticks were prepared from each group. After that, tensile bond strength f3r each stick was measured with Microtensile Tester Failure patterns of the specimens at the interface between gutta-percha and dentin were observed under the SEM(x1000) and Stereomicroscope (LEICA M42O, Meyer Inst., TX U.S.A) at 1.25 x25 magnification. The results were statistically analysed by using a One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results were as follows; 1. Tensile bond strengths($mean{\pm}SD$) were expressed with ascending order as follows: Group 1, $3.09{\pm}$ 1.05Mpa : Group 2, $6.23{\pm}1.16MPa$ : Group 3, $7.12{\pm}1.07MPa$ : Group 4, $10.32{\pm}2.06MPa$. 2. Tensile bond strengths of the group 2 and 4 used disks of gutta-percha for conventional obturation were significantly higher than that of the group 1 and 3 used fir thermoplastic obturation. (p < 0.05). 3. Tensile bond strengths of the group 3 and 4 treated with 2% NaOC1+17% EDTA were significantly higher than that of the group 1 and 2 treated with 2% NaOCl. (p < 0.05). 4. In analysis of failure patterns at the interface between sealer and gutta-percha, there were observed 49 (61%)cases of adhesive failure patterns and 31 (39%) cases of mixed failures patterns.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 1986

합성(合成) 배지(培地)에서 Ganoderma lucidum CAFM 9065의 섬유소(纖維素) 분해(分解) 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)과 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)에 관한 배양(培養) 조건(條件)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 탄소원(炭素源) 중에서 avicelase와 CMCase 생산(生産)은 Na-CMC를, ${\beta}-glucosidase$ 생산(生産)은 cellobiose를 첨가(添加)하였을 때 가장 좋았으며, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 soluble starch와 cellobiose가 양호(良好)하였다. 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)은 Na-CMC 1.0%에서 가장 양호(良好)하고 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 Na-CMC의 농도(濃度) 증가(增加)에 따라 현저히 증가(增加)되었다. Glucose는 농도(濃度)의 증가(增加)에 따라 효소(酵素)의 생산(生産)이 감소(減少)되었으나 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 증가(增加)되었다. 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)이 양호(良好)한 질소원(窒素源)은 peptone이었고 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)에 적당(適當)한 peptone의 농도(濃度)는 0.2% 이었으며, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 peptone 농도(濃度)의 증가(增加)에 따라 점차 증가(增加)되었다. 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)의 $KH_2PO_4$와 $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$의 최적(最適) 농도(濃度)는 각각 0.3%, 0.02 %이었고, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 0.2%, 0.02%에서 가장 좋았다. folic acid는 저농도(低濃度)(0.03 mg/l)로 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)을 증가(增加)시켰고, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 inositol에서 양호(良好)하였다. 효소(酵素) 생산(生産)과 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)의 최적(最適) 온도(溫度)는 $30^{\circ}C$, avicelase와 ${\beta}-glucosidase$의 최적(最適) pH는 5.0, CMCase는 pH 5.5 이었으며, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 pH 5.0에서 양호(良好)하였다. 배양(培養) 기간(期間)은 avicelase가 8일(日), CMCase가 10일(日), ${\beta}-glucosidase$는 16 일간(日間) 배양(培養)하였을 때 최대치(最大値)를 보였고, 균사(菌絲) 생육(生育)은 12일(日) 배양(培養)했을 때 가장 양호(良好)하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제54권5호
• /
• pp.644-651
• /
• 2021

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a fish pathogen responsible for causing enormous economic loss to the aquaculture industry not only in Korea but worldwide. Thus, it is necessary to identify natural compounds that can be used to control the spread of VHSV. In this study, the anti-VHSV activities of five catechol derivatives, i.e., catechol, pyrogallol, 3-methyl catechol, veratrole, and 3-methyl veratrole-extracted from green tea-were assessed. The antiviral activities of these derivatives were found to be dependent on their structure, i.e., the hydroxyl or methoxyl group and their substituent groups-on the benzene ring. Catechol, pyrogallol, and 3-methyl catechol exhibited relatively high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities than veratrole, and 3-methyl veratrole. Moreover, 3-methyl catechol harboring a methyl substituent group increased the viability of the virus-infected cells and resulted in a 2.86 log reduction in the gene copies of VHSV N (per mL) in real-time PCR analysis. In conclusion, the catechol derivatives harboring hydroxyl groups in their benzene ring exhibited higher antioxidant activities than those harboring the methoxyl groups. However, catechol derivatives with a methyl group at the 3'-position of the benzene ring exhibited higher antiviral activity than those harboring a hydroxyl group. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the relationship between the structure and the anti-VHSV activity of catechol derivatives.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.158-163
• /
• 1995

This study was surveyed and compiled the contribution about acorn in korea .the physico-chemical properties of acorn and acorn starch. preparation of acorn starch and elimination of the acorn tannin, the rheological properties of acorn starch gel. Nutrition of acorn and antioxidative activity of tannin in acorn extract. The result obtained were as follow. 1. The chemical compositions of acorn were water 6.5∼13.7%, crude ash 1.9∼3.4%, crude fat 1.1∼5.0%, crude protein 5.8∼7.8%, crude fiber 2.1∼3.6%, N-free extract 71∼77.5%, total tannin 4.6∼9.3%, Ca 92.7∼460.9mg%, p 80.0∼740.9mg%, Na 66.2∼93.9 mg%, and K 867.9∼983.1mg%. 2. The acorn tannin was extracted with water, acetone, and ethanol. The generation method was wash SE settling method with water. 3. The shape of acorn starch granule was rounded triangular and some elliptical, rasing power 12.4∼12.5, Blue value 0.43∼0.47, Alkali number 10.8∼11.3, Amount of Arnylose 28.8∼30.50% Tannin contents on the initial go tim-zation temperature of acorn starch were not influenced but maximum and cooling viscosity o the acorn starch were decreased. 4. Nutritional effect and diet absorption rate were not influence, by rice and 20% T-A(elimination of tannin from the acorn) mixed diet, and the content of lipid in s rum were not influenced by rice 40% and T-A (elimination of tannin from the acorn) mixed diet. 5. jallic acid, digallic acid, gallotannin were contained in acorn powder extract. The main antioxidative : stlvity was speculated due to the gallic acid.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.726-732
• /
• 1993

A comparative study on cadmium(II) complexation with three well characterized humic acids (SHA: soil humic acid from the Okchun Metamorphic Belt; AqHA: aquatic humic acid from Gorleben underground aquifer, Germany; CoHA: commercially available humic acid from the Aldrich Co.) was carried out in 0.1 M $NaClO_4$ at different solution pH(5.0, 5.5, and 6.0) using the ultrafiltration technique. The maximum binding ability (MBA) of the humic acids for cadmium(II) was observed to vary with their origins and solution pH. The results suggest that 1 : 1 complex predominates within the experimental range, and the conditional stability constants were calculated based on the assumption of cooperative binding, yielding log K values that were quite similar (CoHA: 4.17${\pm}$0.08; AqHA: 4.14${\pm}$0.07; SHA: $4.06{\pm} 0.12\;l\;mol^{-1}$ at pH 6.0) irrespective of humic acid origins or pH. By contrast a nonlinear Schatchard plot was obtained, using the cadmium(II) ion selective electrode speciation analysis method, which indicated that humic acid may have two or more classes of binding sites, with $log\;K_1\;and\;log\;K_2$ of 4.73${\pm}$ 0.08 and $3.31{\pm}0.14\;l\;mol^{-1}$ respectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1990

셀레늄이 수은, 카드뮴 및 크롬의 세포독성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 이들 중금속을 $0.3{mu}M$에서 $10{mu}M$까지 6개 농도로 각각 희석하여 $1.2{mu}M$의 셀레늄과 함께 혈액 배양에 첨가하고, 48시간 경과후 fluorescence-plus-Giemsa 염색에 의해 2차분열 중기의 염색체에서 자매염색분체교환(SCE)현상을 관찰하여, 셀레늄을 첨가하지 않았을 때의 결과와 비교하였다. 셀레늄을 다른 중금속들의 경우와 동일한 농도로 단독 첨가한 경우 SCE빈도는 $5.9{\pm}2.64$회에서 $12.3{\pm}3.99$회의 범위로 변하였고, 수은은 $6.5{\pm}2.70$회에서 $15.7{\pm}2.75$회, 카드뮴은 $6.7{\pm}2.65$회에서 $11.2{\pm}4.13$회, 크롬은 $7.0{\pm}2.58$회에서 $14.9{\pm}6.43$회의 범위로 농도증가에 비례하여 SCE빈도가 상승하였으며, 이때 세포분열지수는 공히 농도증가에 반비례하여 고농도군에서는 현저히 낮았다. 중금속들과 $1.2{mu}M$의 셀레늄을 동시에 첨가시킨 조건에서는 수은의 경우, 셀레늄과 수은의 몰(mol)농도비가 1:1, 1:2, 1:4의 조건에서, 카드뮴의 경우 1:2 및 1:4의 조건에서 SCE빈도의 현저한 감소를 나타냈으나 크롬의 경우는 셀레늄의 첨가와 무관하였으며, 세포분열지수는 전반적으로 셀레늄의 첨가에 별다른 영향을 받지 않았다.