• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1982

The influence of builders on calcium deposition on the fabric was studied by laundering the cotton fabric with sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, sodium tripolyphosphate and built detergents in hard water. The laundry variables were: 1) Washing cycles: 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cycles. 2) Water hardness: 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm. 3) Builders: $Na_2\;CO_3,\;Na_2\;SiO_3$ and STPP. 4) Detergents: Na-DBS, $Na-DBS+Na_2CO_3,\;Na-DBS+Na_2\;SiO_3,\;Na-DBS+STPP,\;Na-DBS+Na_2\;CO_3+STPP$, and $Na-DBS+Na_2\;SiO_3+STPP$. The fabric was washed for 15 minutes at 23+$1^{\circ}C$ in a washing machine(Gold Star WP 3007) under the similar condition with those of home laundering, and rinsed 3 times in the same water hardness for 5 minutes. The calcium deposits on the fabric was determined by EDTA-BACK titration methods. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric was increased with increasing wash cycles. This deposit was due to the build up of insoluble calcium carbonate. 2) As the water hardness increased, the amount of calcium deposits on the fabric was increased. 3) Alkaline builders, such as, $Na_2CO_3$ and $Na_2SiO_3$, promoted calcium deposition on the fabric, however STPP prevented calcium deposition on the fabric. 4) Fabric laundered with $Na-DBS+Na_2CO_3$ showed the highest calcium deposits on the fabric, and decreased with the order of $Na_2CO_3$, $Na-DBS+Na_2SiO_3$, and Na-DBS. And fabrics washed with phosphate-built detergents showed a small amount of calcium deposition.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.561-574
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to observe the difference in the root canal wall after hand instrumentation or engine-driven Ni-Ti instrumentation under the scanning electron microscope, and to evaluate the apical leakage provided by continuous wave of canal filling technique with or without root canal sealer and smear layer. Twenty recently extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were instrumented with K-type files or engine-driven Ni-Ti files, Quantec series 2000$^{TM}$ and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl alone or 15% EDT A and final flush of 5.25% NaOCl. After the instrumentation and flushing, teeth were split in half with a knife and a mallet. They were then examined with a scanning electron microscope Forty-four recently extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were divided into four groups with and without smear layer and then warm vertical canal filling using System-B with or without sealer. The extent of leakage was scored after immersion in India ink for 1 week. The results were as follows: 1. No significant difference of smear layer was observed between K-type file-instrumented group and engine-driven Ni-Ti file-instrumented group. 2. A group without smear layer showed significantly less apical leakage than a group with smear layer when sealer was used for the canal filling (p<0.01). 3. There was no significant difference between a group without sealer and smear layer and a group without sealer and with smear layer (p<0.01). 4. In groups without smear layer, a group with sealer showed significantly less apical leakage than a group without sealer (p<0.01). 5. When root canals were irrigated with NaOCl alone, a group with sealer showed significantly less apical leakage than a group without sealer (p<0.01).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 1990

Effects of metal chelating agents and metal ions on the volatile substance of cooked oil with chicken and pork mixture meat were examined by chemical analysis and sensory test. The addition of Na-tripolyphosphate(Na-TPP) to chicken and pork mixture meat increased the amount of H2S among volatiles evolved during cooking but decreased that of volatile carbonyl compounds(VCC) This treatment enhanced meat flavor in cooked oil with chicken and pork mixture. It was recognized that the increase in Ha5 evolution was caused by the rise of pH value. On the contrary cupric ion produced a negative effect on the production of chicken and pork mixture meat flavor and this addition increased VCC and TBA value. Other metal chelating agents such as citric acid, phytic acid and EDTA, provided the same results as Na-TPP. It was supposed that these phenomena were attributable to the chelating action to metal prooxidant in mixture meat at could be concluded that a proper evolution of H2S and protection against lipid oxidation during cooking were important to produce an excellent chicken and pork mixture meat flavor.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 1991

This study was carried out to find a method to remove cadmium from soil and/or attenuate in Cd saturated Soil The chemical form of Cd was influenced by the physico-chemical properties of soil and the adsorption of Cd by soil conformed to the Langmuir isotherm. The order of Cd contents in chemical fractions extracted by several reagents was EDTA > NaOH > $HNO_3$. Flooding, liming and the addition of chelating agents and clay minerals to the contaminated soil seems to desirable in alleviating the harmful effects of Cd on plant growth by reducing Cd content in the $KNO_3$ fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.638-643
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• 1992

The analytical response properties of two types of continuous flow-through electrode system as fulfide ion detectors are examined and directly compared their reponse characteristics under the optimal conditions. In both detection systems, observed peak potentials are logarithmically related to the sulfide ion concentration and at least twenty samples per hour can be determined. In the pH electrode method, the pH of the flowing recipient stream leaving the dialyzer was monitored. The designed system involves the use of continuous flow gas dialyzer in conjunction with the tubular polymer membrane electrode. In this method, optimal experimental conditions are recipient of mixture of $5.0 {\times} 10^{-5} M NaOH ＋ 5.0 {\times} 10^{-3} M$ NaCl and diluent of 0.10 M $H_2SO_4$, and all flow rates of recipient stream, diluent stream, and sample are 1.0 ml/min. In the sulfide ion electrode method, a commercially available sulfide ion-selective electrode was used to detect sulfide ion in the flow-through cell. The optimal flow rates of sulfide anti-oxidant buffer (3.5 g ascorbic acid and 7.6 g $Na_2EDTA$ dissolved in 1.0 M NaOH solution 1 l) and sample were 1.4 ml/min and 1.0 ml/min, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.663-672
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• 2009

In this studies, the adsorption test using Chlorella pyrenoidosa was conducted to examine the effect of Pb adsorption according to various immobilized methods such as Ca-alginate, K-carrageenan, and Polyacrylamide. From the results, the duration to need to reach adsorption equilibrium was delayed according to the immobilization. And, the higher adsorption capacity of immobilized Chlorella pyrenoidosa was represented in the higher concentration of Pb, the smaller amount of immobilizing agent, and the higher pH of solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb was shown in the adsorption test using Chlorella pyrenoidosa immobilized with Ca-alginate even though it was sensitive pH. The adsorption results properly represented with Freundlich isotherm equations. And, pseudo second-order chemisorption kinetic rate equation was applicable to all the biosorption data over the entire time range. The FT-IR analysis showed that the mechanism involved in biosorption of Pb by Chlorella pyrenoidosa was mainly attributed to Pb binding of carbo-acid and amide group. Adsorbed Pb on immobilized Chlorella prenoidosa was easily desorbed in the higher concentration of desorbents(NTA, HCl, EDTA, $H_2SO_4,\;Na_2CO_3$). Among the several desorbents, NTA showed the maximum desoption capacities of Pb from Chlorella pyrenoidosa immobilized with Ca-alginate and K-carrageenan and EDTA was the most effective in Chlorella pyrenoidosa immobilized with polyacrylamide. The desoprtion efficiency in the optimum condition was 90.0, 83.0, and 80.0%, respectively.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.17
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• pp.79-83
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• 1999

The objective of this research was to characterize viscosity of sea tangle extract isolated from sea tangles in Korea to obtain basic data for production of dietary fiber materials with new functional properties. The viscosity of sea tangle extract was increased as the the extraction time increased. However, these values increased significantly up to 1 hour of extraction time and then slow increased in case of hot water extraction and enzymatic hydrolyzed sea tangle extract. As for addition of sugar and salts, the values of viscosity of sea tangle extract was very low in the addition of EDTA-2Na regardless of concentration. But in case of sucrose and NaCl, the viscosity of sea tangle extract were tended to decreased up to 2.5% concentration.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.181-186
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• 2000

국가지리정보체계사업을 시작으로 여러 응용분야에서 지리정보시스템을 구축하고 있으며, 특히 지자체에서는 도시정보화 차원에서 UIS(Urban Information System;도시정보시스템)를 구축하고 있다. 지자체의 업무들은 지자체의 상황에 따라 조금씩 차이를 보이지만 업무 단위로 따져 볼 때 공통적으로 수행되는 업무들이 많으며, 지리정보 관련 업무 또한 예외가 아니다. 지금까지 각 지자체의 도시정보시스템은 공통업무에 대하여 중복개발이 불가피 하였으며, 재사용성을 기대하기 어려웠다. 이런 비효율을 극복하는 방안으로 컴포넌트 기술이 대두되었으며, 컴포넌트 기술을 이용하여 업무변화에 유연하고 재활용을 극대화할 수 있는 업무 컴포넌트 개발이 필요한 시점이다. 본 논문은 지자체의 지리정보 관련 업무의 하나인 하수도 업무 중 하수배출용량 산정을 위한 하수도 관망해석 컴포넌트 설계를 제시하였다. 하수도 관망해석 컴포넌트는 하수배출용량을 산정하고, 하수 배출용량을 토대로 통수능이 부족한 하수관거를 추출하며, 통수능 부족 관거에 대하여 적정한 교체 관경 결정을 지원할 수 있도록 설계하였다 컴포넌트 설계과정은 표준업무를 지원할 수 있도록 업무분석을 수행하였으며, 이의 결과물로 하수도 관망해석 알고리즘을 도출하였으며, 알고리즘을 기반으로 하수도 관망해석 업무를 수행하는 하수도 관망해석 컴포넌트를 설계하고 설계 내용을 UML(Unified Modeling Language)로써 명세화 하였다. 현재 설계에 따라 하수도 관망해석 컴포넌트가 개발되고 있으며, 개발된 컴포넌트를 이용한 하수도 관망해석 시스템을 구축할 예정이다. 추후에는 하수도 관망해석 컴포넌트와 하수도 업무 컴포넌트와의 통합부분에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.7.0로 하고 표준(標準) EDTA 용액(溶液)을 소량(少量)넣고 8N-KOH로 pH $12{\sim}13$으로 하고 N-N 희석분말(稀釋粉末)을 지시약(指示藥) 으로써 표준(標準) EDTA 용액(溶液)으로 적정(滴定)하여 Ca 치(値)를 얻었다. Ca와 Mg의 합계결정치(合計決定値)와 Ca 적정치(滴定値) 차(差)로 Mg 치(値)를 얻었다. 음(陰) ion 구분(區分)으로부터 상법(常法)에 의하여 $MgNH_4PO_4$의 침전(沈澱)을 만들어서 HCl에 녹키고 일정량(一定量)의 표준(標準) EDTA 용액(溶液)을 넣어 pH 7.0로 한다음 완충액(緩衝液)으로 pH 10으로 하고 BT 지시약(指示藥)을 써서 표준(標準) Mg $SO_4$용액(溶液)으로 적정(滴定)하여 P 치(値)를 얻었다. 본법(本法)으로 Na-phytate를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) Na-phytate의 분자식(分子式)을 $C_6H_6O_{24}P_6Mg_4CaNa_2{\cdot}5H_2O$라고 하였을 때의 이론치(理論値)에 비(比)하여 P가 98.9% Cark 97.1%, Mg가 99.1%이고 통계처리(統計處理)한 결과분석치(結果分析値)와 이론치(理論値)는 잘 일치(一致)된다. 그러나 종래법(從來法)에 의(依)한 분석치(分析値)는 이론치(理論値)에 비(比)하여 P가 92.40%, Cark 86.80%, Mg가 93.80%로서 이론치(理論値)와 일치(一致)하지 않는다. 3) Na-phytate를 전분(澱粉)과 일정(一定)한 비(比)로 혼합(混合)하고 본법(本法)으로 P,Ca 및 Mc를 정량(定量)한 결과(結果) 이들의 회수율(回收率)은 거의 100%이었다. 4) 본분석법

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 1981

Discoloration of canned boiled oysters during storage is one of the serious problems which affect the quality of the products as well as the nutritive value. Usually the factors influencing the quality of canned boiled oysters are the process of pretreatments and the storage temperature of the products. In the present work, the changes of the total chlorophylls and carotenoids in the meat and the viscera of oysters were determined in order to make certain the procedure of the discoloration. In addition, the amino-N and the available lysine as factors of the nutritive value were also checked. In case of treatment with additives, direct addition of syrups containing additives just before seaming or soaking boiled oysters into the solution of additives seemed to have mild effects on retardation of discoloration. The migration of carotenoids from the viscera into the meat was faster than that of chlorophyll resulting in yellowing of the Products preceded greening caused by the chlorophylls. Treatment with $0.5\%\; Na_{2}EDTA\;of\;2.5\%$ brine retarded discoloration and available lysine loss of the Products while sodium-polyphosphate accelerated them. It was probably due to that sodium-polyphosphate could affect the softening or breakdown of the muscle of oysters. But most of all, storage temperature of canned boiled oysters seemed to be the major factor influencing the discoloration and nutritive loss of the products.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.189-201
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• 2000

접근성이란 특정 목적을 가진 통행자가 한 지점에서 다른 지점으로 얼마나 쉽게 갈 수 있는가 를 나타내는 척도를 말한다. 따라서 접근성은 주로 공간적인 거리나 시간이 가장 중요한 요인으로 작용하며 최근에는 공간적 거리보다는 접근시간이 더 중요한 접근성 척도로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 GIS공간분석기법과 접근성이론을 접목하여 도시시설의 적정후보지 평가방법을 정립한 후 현재 검토되고 있는 수도권 도심공항터미널 입지 후보지 중 어떤 후보지가 이용들의 총통행시간을 최소화하는 후보 지인가에 대해 평가해보았다. 평가 결과 다음과 같은 사실을 밝힐 수 있었다. 첫째, 수도권 전체로 볼 때 평균접근시간이 가장 양호한 후보지는 쌍문터미널(현 간이 도심공항터미널)이고, 2위는 현 삼성동 도심공항터미널과 강남고속터미널, 3위는 동서울터미널과 남서울터미널 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 수도권전체 이용자들의 총통행시간을 최소로 하는 도심공항터미널 후보지는 접근성이 가장 양호한 쌍문동터미널이 아니라 현 서울역이 1위이고, 2위는 강남고속 터미널, 3위는 용산 역으로 나타났다. 셋째, 터미널 후보지간의 가중평균접근 시간은 도심인 서울시내에 입지한 후보지와 수도권 외곽에 입지 한 후보지간에 큰 차이가 없으나 총 이용자 접근시간은 서울시에 입지한 후보지보다 외곽의 후보지가 훨씬 높게 나타나 뚜렷한 차별성을 보이고 있다. 넷째, 최적후보지 1,2,3순위 모두 서울도심과 강남도심에 입지한 지역들로 나타나 교통의 접근성 보다는 아직 인구밀집도가 주요 도시시설의 입지결정에 주요한 결정요인 되는 것으로 나타났다.해석 시스템을 구축할 예정이다. 추후에는 하수도 관망해석 컴포넌트와 하수도 업무 컴포넌트와의 통합부분에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.7.0로 하고 표준(標準) EDTA 용액(溶液)을 소량(少量)넣고 8N-KOH로 pH $12{\sim}13$으로 하고 N-N 희석분말(稀釋粉末)을 지시약(指示藥) 으로써 표준(標準) EDTA 용액(溶液)으로 적정(滴定)하여 Ca 치(値)를 얻었다. Ca와 Mg의 합계결정치(合計決定値)와 Ca 적정치(滴定値) 차(差)로 Mg 치(値)를 얻었다. 음(陰) ion 구분(區分)으로부터 상법(常法)에 의하여 $MgNH_4PO_4$의 침전(沈澱)을 만들어서 HCl에 녹키고 일정량(一定量)의 표준(標準) EDTA 용액(溶液)을 넣어 pH 7.0로 한다음 완충액(緩衝液)으로 pH 10으로 하고 BT 지시약(指示藥)을 써서 표준(標準) Mg $SO_4$용액(溶液)으로 적정(滴定)하여 P 치(値)를 얻었다. 본법(本法)으로 Na-phytate를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) Na-phytate의 분자식(分子式)을 $C_6H_6O_{24}P_6Mg_4CaNa_2{\cdot}5H_2O$라고 하였을 때의 이론치(理論値)에 비(比)하여 P가 98.9% Cark 97.1%, Mg가 99.1%이고 통계처리(統計處理)한 결과분석치(結果分析値)와 이론치(理論値)는 잘 일치(一致)된다. 그러나 종래법(從來法)에 의(依)한 분석치(分析値)는 이론치(理論値)에 비(比)하여 P가 92.40%, Cark 86.80