• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-142
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• 2022

This study was undertaken to investigate the association between maternal nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and behaviors related to sugar intake and sugar intake reduction in preschool children. Eighty-three children aged 5 to 6 years attending kindergartens in Hongseong and their mothers participated in this study from October 2020 to February 2021. The average age of the mothers was 38.7 years, and 53.0% of the children were male. As child age increased, nutrition knowledge of sugar intake reduction increased, but no relation was found between age and, dietary behavior and preference related to sugar intake reduction. For children whose mothers perceived that their child's sugar preference was high, the behavioral score of sugar intake reduction was low. The more mothers allowed their children to eat sweet food; the higher was their child's preference for sweet food, which was also significantly associated with an increased risk of high sugar intake. When mothers were provided education that encouraged reducing children's sugar intakes, knowledge about reducing sugar intake in children was significantly increased. The study emphasizes the importance of the roles of mothers and primary caregivers regarding reducing the sugar intakes of preschool children.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.893-901
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• 1994

In this study, AlN powder of fine particle size and of high purity was synthesized by the carbothermal reduction-nitridation of monodisperse, spherical Al(OH)3 which had been prepared by sol-gel method using Al(O-sec-C4H9)3 as the starting material. Depending on the mixing order and kinds of reducing agents, the optimum condition for the preparation of AlN was determined as follows. AlN single-phase was produced by the carbothermal reduction-nitridation of (1) Benzene-washed Al(OH)3 and the reducing agent, carbon, which was mixed in a ball mill: for 5 hours at 140$0^{\circ}C$ under NH3 atmosphere; (2) The mixture prepared by hydrolysis of alkoxide solution into which carbon had been dispersed beforehand: for 5 hours at 135$0^{\circ}C$ ; (3) Al(OH)3 Poly(furfuryl alcohol) composite powder: for 2.5 hours at 135$0^{\circ}C$; (4) The mixture of Al(OH)3 and polyacrylonitrile: for 5 hours at 140$0^{\circ}C$. Addition of CaF2 increased the nitridation rate when carbon or polyacrylonitrile was used as the reducing agent; but it had no effect on the nitridation rate when furfuryl alcohol was used as the reducing agent.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2015

The electric power consumed by the embedded devices has become a critical issue because the reduction of power consumption is an important factor to prolong the battery-operated devices' lifetime. Many researches and techniques to reduce the power consumption have been proposed and developed but any power method cannot guarantee optimal power consumption of an embedded device - it would be faced with numerous situation - in all ways. Specifically, power researches for embedded devices deployed in the industry field have hardly been done. In this paper, low power service is proposed to minimize power reduction with the several usage status of embedded devices in the industry field. The usage status is basically classified according to the distance between the device and the user which is obtained by the ultrasonic and PIR sensor. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme can reduce the power consumption by up to 45.3% compared to the device with no power reduction scheme. It also shows that the power consumption of the proposed scheme is 5.2% ~ 16.8% lower than that of the timeout scheme.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.391-400
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the effects of Bo-Jung-Chi-Seub-Tang administration on body composition, blood biochemistrical factors and hormonal changes during 2 weeks Weight Reduction in TaeKwonDo Athletes. 10 subjects were belong to be in elite athletes of KNUPE. They were divided two groups(administration group and non-administration) by 5 subjects in each group randomly. they were measured about body composition(% Fat, Fat Wt, LBM, TBW), Blood Biochemistrical Factors(glucose, TG, total protein, albumin, BUN, Uric acid, Ca, Pi, Mg) and Hormonal Changes(Renin, Aldosteron). As the results of the experiment, conclusions were made as follows: In terms of % Fat, Fat W.T., Mg, TG, Renin, it was shown significant differences between two groups. Although there were no significant differences, rate of weight reduction and levels of LBM, BUN in Bo-Jung-Chi-Seub-Tang administration group were changed more lower than non-administration group.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2020

Background: Various types of miniplates have been developed and used for the reduction of facial bone fractures. We introduced Yang's Keyhole (YK) plate, and reported on its short-term stability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term stability of the YK plate, as a follow-up study, by examining the patients who had used the YK plate among the patients with the reduction of mandible fractures and who visited for plate removal. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 16 patients who underwent mandibular fracture fixation using a YK plate (group I) and 17 patients who underwent mandibular fracture fixation using a conventional plate (group II). Assessment was then made on malunion, occlusal stability, discomfort during the application, and clinical symptoms. Results: From January 2015 to December 2017, a total of 36 patients underwent mandibular fracture surgery using a YK plate. A total of 16 patients received plate removal. Among them, 15 were male and 1 female. The average age was 26 years. The applied surgical sites were the 12 on mandibular angle, 4 on mandibular symphysis, and 2 on subcondyle. The application period of YK plate was an average of 335 days. During the same period, 45 people underwent surgery on the conventional plate. A total of 17 patients received plate removal. Among them, 15 were male and 2 females. The average age was 36 years. The applied surgical sites were the 8 on mandibular angle, 4 on mandibular symphysis, and 2 on subcondyle. The application period of the conventional plate was an average of 349 days. No malocclusion occurred at the time of removal, and occlusion was stable. No patient complained of joint disease or discomfort. Conclusion: The YK plate system, in which the screw was first inserted and the plate was applied, for clinical convenience did not cause any particular problem and no significant difference from the conventional plate.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

Purpose: To analyze the clinical and radiological results of operative treatment in patients with tongue type intra-articular calcaneal fracture, and to compare the open reduction and Essex-Lopresti technique. Materials and Methods: We examined a consecutive series of 42 patients who received surgical treatment for tongue type calcaneal fracture (24 cases of the open reduction and 18 cases of the Essex-Lopresti technique) and the postoperative data was compared with a minimum 1 year follow-up. The clinical outcome was analyzed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot scale and Salama's criteria. The preoperative, postoperative, and last follow-up changes in the Bohler angle was radiologically analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the clinical and radiological results at the last follow-up. However, for the Sander's type 3 and 4 fractures, the open reduction group showed more improvement of AOFAS score and less reduction loss in the Bohler angle. Conclusion: Although the clinical results were good irrespective of surgical technique, the open reduction and internal fixation can improve clinical outcome and reduce the reduction loss as compared with the Essex-Lopresti technique in the comminuted tongue type calcaneal fracture.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of different intracanal medicaments on chemical structure and microhardness of dentin. Materials and Methods: Fifty human dentin discs were obtained from intact third molars and randomly assigned into two control groups and three treatment groups. The first control group received no treatment. The second control group (no medicament group) was irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), stored in humid environment for four weeks and then irrigated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The three treatment groups were irrigated with NaOCl, treated for four weeks with either 1 g/mL triple antibiotic paste (TAP), 1 mg/mL methylcellulose-based triple antibiotic paste (DTAP), or calcium hydroxide [$Ca(OH)_2$] and finally irrigated with EDTA. After treatment, one half of each dentin disc was subjected to Vickers microhardness (n = 10 per group) and the other half was used to evaluate the chemical structure (phosphate/amide I ratio) of treated dentin utilizing attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (n = 5 per group). One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's least significant difference were used for statistical analyses. Results: Dentin discs treated with different intracanal medicaments and those treated with NaOCl + EDTA showed significant reduction in microhardness (p < 0.0001) and phosphate/amide I ratio (p < 0.05) compared to no treatment control dentin. Furthermore, dentin discs treated with TAP had significantly lower microhardness (p < 0.0001) and phosphate/amide I ratio (p < 0.0001) compared to all other groups. Conclusions: The use of DTAP or $Ca(OH)_2$ medicaments during endodontic regeneration may cause significantly less microhardness reduction and superficial demineralization of dentin compared to the use of TAP.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.183-192
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine which intertrochanteric (IT) hip fracture and patient characteristics predict the necessity for adjunct reduction aides prior to prep and drape aiming for a more efficient surgery. Materials and Methods: Institutional fracture registries from two academic medical centers from 2017-2022 were analyzed. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, fracture patterns identified on radiographs including displacement of the lesser trochanter (LT), thin lateral wall (LW), reverse obliquity (RO), subtrochanteric extension (STE), and number of fracture parts were collected, and the need for additional aides following traction on fracture table were collected. Fractures were classified using the AO/OTA classification. Regression analyses identified significant risk factors for needing extra reduction aides. Results: Of the 166 patients included, the average age was 80.84±12.7 years and BMI was 24.37±5.3 kg/m². Univariate regression revealed increased irreducibility risk associated with RO (odds ratio [OR] 27.917, P≤0.001), LW (OR 24.882, P<0.001), and STE (OR 5.255, P=0.005). Multivariate analysis significantly correlated RO (OR 120.74, P<0.001) and thin LW (OR 131.14, P<0.001) with increased risk. However, STE (P=0.36) and LT displacement (P=0.77) weren't significant. Fracture types 2.2, 3.2, and 3.3 displayed elevated risk (P<0.001), while no other factors increased risk. Conclusion: Elderly patients with IT fractures with RO and/or thin LW are at higher risk of irreducibility, necessitating adjunct reduction aides. Other parameters showed no significant association, suggesting most fracture patterns can be achieved with traction manipulation alone.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

This study was aimed to estimate the total application cost and utilization of Turf grass VFS application through the field experiment. The experimental plots were constructed in an upland field of Iksan city within the Saemangeum watershed. Turf grass was transplanted at the down-slope edge of the pollution source area in each of the treated plots. Three rainfall events were monitored during the experiment period, and the rainfall-runoff relationships and NPS pollution reduction effects of the VFS systems were assessed. As results, the reduction ratio of runoff volume ranged 14.1~64.0 %, while the NPS pollution reduction ratio ranged 9.8~73.9 % for SS, 24.0~84.2 % for T-N, 31.6~80.9 % for T-P respectively. The total cost of VFS application was estimated by considering purchase cost of Turf grass sods and construction and maintenance costs of VFS system as well as the loss caused by giving up crop cultivation for the area needed to construct the VFS. The total cost of the VFS was estimated to be approximately \3,379,000/ha/year for the first year of application, and this cost could be decreased to \1,899,000/ha/year from the second year as the construction cost of VFS could no longer need to be counted afterwards. Apart from the NPS pollution reduction effects, the possible utilization of VFS was examined by detaching Turf grass within 40 % of VFS area for sale during spring time when the VFS systems fully covered. The benefit of selling the detached Turf grass sods was estimated as \1,260,000/ha/year, and also found that the VFS area successfully recovered by the time of the summer period. This benefit could attract farmers to adopt the VFS technique to manage agricultural NPS pollution.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the results of treatments by percutaneous Acutrak screw fixation for intra-articular joint depression type fracture of calcaneus. Materials and Methods: Thirteen cases with intra-articular joint depression type fracture of calcaneus, from September 2004 to March 2006, were reviewed. There were 9 males and 4 females with 52.5 years old mean age (range: $31{\sim}74$ years old). The average follow-up period was 18 months (range: $8{\sim}32$ months). Steinmann pins and Freers were used for closed reduction. After closed reduction, Acutrak screws and K-wires were inserted. The patients were evaluated with Creighton-Nebraska health foundation assessment sheet for calcaneal fracture, the extent of recovery of Bohler angle, fragment size, and state of subtalar joint. Results: Clinical results according to Creighton-Nebraska health foundation assessment sheet for calcaneal fracture were excellent in 6 cases (46%), good in 4 cases (30%), fair in 2 cases (15%), and poor in 1 case (7%). Average preoperative Bohler angle was $7.6^{\circ}$ (range: $2^{\circ}{\sim}13^{\circ}$). Average postoperative Bohler angle was $24.4^{\circ}$ (range: $4^{\circ}{\sim}33^{\circ}$). There were no soft tissue complications. There were one mild subtalar arthritis and one moderate subtalar arthritis. Conclusion: We think that closed reduction and percutaneous Acutrak screw fixation with or without K-wire is a good option for joint depression type fracture of calcaneus.