• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.788-805
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate effects of examination-stress and protein supplementation on nitrogen metabolism and blood protein levels of Korean college students. Experiment was conducted at the beginning of a academic term and during midterm examination. During midterm examination, subjects were classified into two groups randomly : protein supplemental group(male n=6, female n=10) and placebo group(male n=4, female n=9). Protein capsules(2g/day) above 10% of indispensible amino acids requirement estimates were given to supplemental group for 10 days. At the begining of the term, male students(n=12) ingested 223.15mgN/kg/d, excreted 20.7mgN/kg/d in feces, and excreted 94.31mgN/kg/d in urine. Their apparent protein protein digestibility was 90.72%, true N balance was +100.11mgN/kg/d, and the mean maintenance N requirement of mixed Korena diet calculated was 112.13mgN/kg/d. Female students(n=19) ingested 171.44mgN/kg/d, excreted 22.13mgN/kg/d in feces, and excreted 122.92mgN/kg/d in urine. Their apparent protein digestibility was 86.76%, true N blance was + 18.39mgN/kg/d, and the mean maintenance N requirement calculated was 135.31mgN/kg/d. Blood levels of serum total protein, albumin, and BUN were within normal range. During midterm examination, fecal and urinary N excretions of female subjects(n=19) were increased, especially urea N markedly, and urea N/creatinine N ratio was augumented significantly. Apparent protein digestibility of male subjects(n=10) was decreased. Examination-stress showed 8.05mgN/kg/d (7.2%) increase of mean maintenance N requirement in male and 8.55mgN/kg/d(6.3%) increase in female students in comparison with that of the beginning of the term. Serum total protein and albumin levels showed no significant change, but serum transferrin level of female were decreased significantly. During midterm examination, females supplemented with protein capsules(2g/d)had no significant increase in fecal and urinary N excretions.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.259-263
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• 1997

남강수계 농업용수의 수질변화를 구명하기 위하여 1994년에서 1995년까지 매년 4월부터 9월까지 남강수계 7개 지점을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 무기성분 평균치는 pH 7.9, COD 7.3mg/l, $NO_3-N$ 1.2mg/l, $Na^+$ 6.2mg/l, $Cl^-$ 14.8mg/l, EC 0.13dS/m, $PO_4\;^{3-}$ 0.21㎎/l, $K^+$ 2.6mg/l, $Ca^{2+}$ 10.8mg/l,$Mg^{2+}$ 2.9mg/l, $SO_4\;^{2-}$ 10.5mg/l, $Fe^{3+}$ 0.03mg/l and Zn 0.02mg/l였다. 월별 무기성분 평균치는 7월에 COD $8.4{\sim}11.6mg/l$, $NO_3-N$ $1.1{\sim}1.7mg/l$, $Na^+$ $5.4{\sim}13.1$, $Cl^-$ $18.9{\sim}27.9mg/l$로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 조사지역별로는 월아양수장 지점이 COD $8.8{\sim}11.3mg/l$, $NO_3-N$ $1.6{\sim}2.4mg/l$, $Na^+$ $9.0{\sim}10.2mg/l$, $Cl^-$ $21.7{\sim}23.0mg/l$로 가장 높게 나타났다. 무기성분간의 음이온당량과 양이온당량 비율은 월아양수장 지점이 다른 지점보다 높게 나타났다. 주요성분중 EC는 $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$과 $SO_4\;^{2-}$ 함량과 고도의 정의상관이 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.135-147
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• 1988

To compare the stimulation effect of the ratio in follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in induction of multiple follicular growth, the serum $E_2$ level, the diameter of follicle, number of aspirated follicles and cleavage rate of in vitro fertilized preovulatory oocytes as well as the pregnancy rate were evaluated. Forty one patients with irreparable tubal disease were stimulated by hMG(n=24) or FSH/hMG(n=17) for the purpose of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum estradiol($E_2$) levels on the day of hCG administration were $921.0{\pm}353.3\;pg/ml$ in hMG group and $1272.9{\pm}1060.6\;pg/ml$ in FSH/hMG group. The serum $E_2$ value of hMG group was significantly lower than that of FSH/hMG group. 2. The diameter of leading follicle by ultrasonogram on the day of hCG administration were $16.2{\pm}2.0\;mm$ in hMG group and $16.2{\pm}2.6\;mm$ in FSH/hMG group. No significant difference of follicle diameter between two groups was demonstrated. 3. The number of follicles with diameter above 10 mm by sonogram on the day of hCG injection were $3.91{\pm}2.32$ in hMG group and $6.52{\pm}3.86$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of follicles between two groups, (p< 0.01). 4. The number of oocytes found per patient at aspiration were $2.59{\pm}1.00$ in hMG group and 3. $76{\pm}2.31$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of aspirated oocytes between two groups. (p< 0.05). 5. The detection rate of preovulatory oocyte at aspiration were 68.4%(39/57) in hMG group (n=22) and 77.6%(38/49) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). 6. The cleavage rate of preovulatory oocyte at 44 hours after insemination were 74.4%(29/39) in hMG group(n=22) and 81.6%(31/38) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). When only hMG was used, one pregnancy was established in 15 patients to whom 29 zygotes were transferred. And a full term normal female baby was delivered by elective cesarean section. In the FSH/hMG group, five pregnancies out of 9 transferred patients were confirmed by serum ${\beta}-hCG$. Two pregnancies were spontaneously aborted before the 6th week of pregnancy. One patient aborted her baby at the 18th week of pregnancy because of incompetent internal os of the cervix. Two patients delivered two full term babies by elective cesarean section. From the above findings, paralell with the increase in the ratio of exogenous follicle stimulating hormone to luteinizing hormone, an increase in oocyte recovery was observed as well as an improvements in pregnancy rate. It was concluded that FSH enrichment early in the follicular phase had a beneficial effect in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2005

Chemical components of the physiological activity substance in Zizyphus jujuba seed were analyzed for the use as an functional processed products. The proximate compositions of Zizyphus jujuba seed were carbohydrate 89.40%, moisture 8.23%, crude protein 1.22%, crude fat 0.65% and crude ash 0.50%, respectively. the richest mineral contained in Zizyphus jujuba seed was Mg(198.3mg/100g), followed by Mn(113.0mg/100g), K(100.2mg/100g), Ca(25.3mg/100g), P(25.6mg/100g_, Fe(23.5mg/100g), Zn(18.7mg/100g), Cu(7.4mg/100g) and Na(5.3mg/100g). Total amino acid contents of Zizyphys jujuba seed were 1103.12mg/100g, and the major amino acids were proline(235.17mg%), aspartic acid(175.941mg%), gltamic acid(101.46mg%), leucine(50.27mg%), serine(47.71mg%), aspartic acid(47.27mg%), glycine(41.60mg%) and lysine (33.78mg%), respectively. The amount of free amino acids in the protein of Zizyphus jujuba seed were 178.62 mg/100g, and the major free amino acids were proline(121.30mg%), alanine(6.01mg%), valine(2.63mg%) and arginine(2.04mg%), respectively. The compositions of major total fatty acid in the lipid Zizyphus jujuba seed were C18:2(n5c) 28.72%, C18:1(n9t) 23.76%, C18:1(n9c) 13.45%, C16:0 13.45% and C20:5(n3) 1.77% in order, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2010

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (1.1-5.6%) and vitamin E (70 and 400 mg/kg) on the growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish. Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (17% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of n-3 HUFA and vitamin E. Diets 1, 2 and 3 consist of 400 mg vitamin E/kg diet with graded levels of 1.1, 3.0, and 5.6% n-3 HUFA, respectively. Graded levels of n-3 HUFA (1.1, 3.0, and 4.0%) were added in diets 4, 5 and 6, respectively, containing 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet each. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance of rockfish was affected by neither dietary n-3 HUFA nor vitamin E levels. Feed efficiency and hepatosomatic index were slightly decreased (P<0.05) with increment of dietary n-3 HUFA at each dietary vitamin E level. Dietary vitamin E and n-3 HUFA levels did not affect proximate composition and vitamin E concentration in the dorsal muscle of rockfish. Liver moisture and crude protein contents positively related to dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Liver lipid content and hematocrit value were significantly decreased (P<0.05) by increasing dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) concentrations in the dorsal muscle significantly correlated to dietary n-3 HUFA levels, except for fish fed the diet 6 containing 4% n-3 HUFA and 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet. EPA concentration in the dorsal muscle of fish fed the diet 6 was significantly lower than that of fish fed the diets 2, 3 and 5. The present findings suggest that feeding of diets containing excessive n-3 HUFA level with varying addition of vitamin E may alter fatty acid composition in the dorsal muscle, but do not affect growth of juvenile rockfish.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2005년도 봄 학술발표회지 제14권(제1호)
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• pp.377-379
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• 2005

실험실 규모의 토양컬럼을 사용하여 고농도의 암모니아성 질소의 질산화 영향을 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 유입수 NH$_{4}$-N의 농도 50 mg/L와 100 mg/L인 경 우 HRT 48시간에서도 NH$_{4}$-N가 99%정도 제거되었으며 유출수 평균 NO$_{3}$-N의 농도는 각각 46.3 mg/L와 98.3 mgh로 유입수 NH$_{4}$-N는 대부분 NO$_{3}$-N로 전환되었다. 2) 유입수 NH$_{4}$-N의 농도 200 mg/L인 경우 HRT 48시간에서 NH$_{4}$-N의 평균제거율이74.8%에 머물렀으나 토양컬럼 내부에 폭기장치를 설치한 결과 NH$_{4}$-N의 평균제거율은 94.7%로 개선되는 효과를 나타냈으며, 유입수 NH$_{4}$-N의 농도 400 mg/L인 경우에는 HRT 72시 간에서도 질산화가 불안정하였으나 마찬가지로 강제 폭기를 실시 한 결과 질산화가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 4) 실험종료 후 토양컬럼 내부의 암모니아 및 아질산 산화세균을 조사한 결과 각각 1.4${\times}$10$^{5}$과 2.3${\times}$ 10$^{6}$ MPN/g${\cdot}$soil까지 증가하였다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 주거지역에 대해 세분류 형태로 구분하여 각각에 대해 강우 시 유출수에 대한 모니터링을 실시하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 주거 형태에 따른 비점오염원의 유출 특성을 분석해 보았다. 단독주거지역 및 아파트지역의 강우사상별 유출형태 및 농도 변화 형태를 분석한 결과 대다수의 강우사상에서 초기유출수의 농도가 높게 나타나는 형태를 나타내었으나 두 지점의 경우 강우량별 유출율의 차이가 크게 조사되었다. 평균 유출부하량은 단독주거지역의 경우 BOD $101.0kg/km^2$, SS $232.2kg/km^2$, T-N $18.2kg/km^2$, T-P $2.0kg/km^2$이며, 아파트지역의 평균 유출부하량은 BOD $108.82kg/km^2$, SS $329.18kg/km^2$, T-N $57.67kg/km^2$, T-P $4.21kg/km^2$으로 산정 되었다. 평균 EMCs는 단독주거지역에 대해 산정된 평균 EMCs의 경우 BOD 6.6 mg/L, SS 12.8 mg/L, T-N 1.518 mg/L, T-P 0.099 mg/L로 조사되었다. 아파트 지점 평균 EMCs의 경우 BOD 6.3 mg/L, COD 11.2mg/L, SS 14.5 mg/L, T-N 3.1 mg/L, T-P 0.2 mg/L로 조사되었다. 주거 형태에 따른 초기세척비율을 산정한 결과, 단독주거지역의 경우 총유출량 기준 초기 30%의 유출 시, $MFF_n$ 값이 T-P 1.04 > T-N 0.97 > BOD 0.90 > SS 0.80의 순으로 비율차이를 나타내었다. 아파트지역 n=30에서 수질항목별 $MFF_n$ 값의 경우, BOD 1.49 > T-P 1.40 > SS 1.30 > T-N 0.96의 순으로 비율차이를 나타내었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.277-281
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• 1987

The various contents of MgF2 from 0 to 12.5wt% are studied in the AlF3-(Mg＋Sr＋Ba)F2-P2O5 system for the effects of various properties in glasses and the atmosphere of melting was controlled by N2 and Ar gas respectively. Density, refractive index, infrared transmission, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of glasses are determined. Density, refractive index and thermal conductivity are decreased, micro-hardness and thermal expansion coefficient are increased according to the increasing of MgF2 contents. Infrared transmittance decreases with increasing the MgF2 contents and it slightly dropped by air than N2 and Ar atmosphere. Other properties are not influenced by atmosphere control.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1989

산지초지개발과 聯關된 草地士壞개랑 및 施肥法改攻善을 馬하여 Homes의 Systematic variations 方法으로 多量要素 anions N : S : P 및 Cations K : Ca Ca:Mg 적정비료비율J인比率 (當量基準) 을 決定코자 山地 土爆을 공시한 Pot試驗으로 Orchardgrass-Ladino clover混播條件에서 수행한 결과는 1. 混播條件에서 各構成훌種別 最高收量을 얻기 위한 적정비료比率을 求하였다(Table 4), 大略的으로 未本科목초는 N: S : P=3: 1 : I, K: Ca: Mg= 1 1 : 1, 두과목초는 N : S : P= 1 : 6 : 43, K: Ca : :Mg=I:3: 1을 보였고, 그리고 混슴收草에서는 未本科목초의 境遇와 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 2... 混播條件에서 건물收量은 未本科 및 혼합목초에서는 N> P> S-group 및 $K\geq$Ca$\geq$Mg-group 순으로; 두과목초는 P> S> N-group과 Ca > $Mg\geq$K-group 순으로 높았다. 特히 未本科救草는 N-group에서 荳科목초는 P~및 Ca-group에서 수량이 매우 높았다. 3. 士壞의 pH는 S-group 에서 낮아졌고 (5.9->5.3). Ca, Mg-group에서는 높아졌다(5.9->6.7). 그리고 Ca-group에서 유효$P_2O_5$,含量, CEC 및 염기포화도가 상대적으로 제일 높았다. 4. 未本科 및 혼합목초는 N-group에서 높은 N 含量과 낮은 P함량을 보였고, 낮은 P함량으로 Ca/P 比가 anion-group 中 第一 높은 2.15를 보였다. 두과목초에서는 Ca - group 에 서 第一 높은 9.20을 보였다. 두과목초에서는 未本科목초보다 相對的으로 Ca Mg함량이 높아 Ca/P 比가 높고, K/(Ca+Mg) 當量 比가 낮은 特性을 보였다. 5.. 無機養分收量과 건물收量間에는 各處理別 증수효과의 差異를 보였다. 목초중 各無機養分의 收量提高를 위한 多量要素의 적정시비比率을 求하였고. 이는 건물收量의 境遇와는 差異가 있었다 .. K-와 Mg-group間에는 길항적인 Mg 및 K收量 減少을 보였다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권4호통권114호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2005

송지호 표층의 평균 수온은 겨울 결빙기를 제외하고는 7.4-$28.2^{\circ}C$로 최저 $7.3^{\circ}C$ 및 최고 $28.7^{\circ}C$이였다. 표층의 염분은 0.1-13.3%의 범위로 분포하였으며, 중층 부근에서 화학성층이 형성되었다. 화학성층이 강하게 나타났던 1999년 11월 표층의 용존산소는 11.8-12.3 $mgO_2\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$이었으나, 심층에서는 0.7-1.9 $mgO_2\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$으로 매우 낮았다. 표층의 총인과 용존무기인의 농도는 각각 0.005-0.396 $mgP\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$ 및 0.000-0.319 $mgP\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$의 범위이였으며, 북호와 남호의 대표 정점으로 볼 수있는 정점 2와 3에서의 평균농도는 각각 0.061 및 0.045 $mgP\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$로 북호쪽의 농도가 더 높았다. 표층의 총질소(TN)는 0.223-3.521 $mgN\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$로 분포하였으며, 북호와 남호의 평균농도는 각각 0.883 및 0.794 $mgN\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$로 총인과 마찬가지로 북호쪽에서 높았다. 질산성질소 ($NO_3-N$) 및 암모니아성질소 ($NH_3-N$)의 농도는 각각 0.000-1.000 $mgN\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$ 및 0.000-0.804 $mgN\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$이였다. 규소농도는 0.0-6.2 $mgSi\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$의 범위로 3-5월에 매우 낮았으며, 계절적인 변화가 뚜렷히 나타났다. 저질의 입자는 0-125인 silt및 coarse silt로 이루어져 있으며, COD는 51.4-116.9 $mgO_2\;{\cdot}\;gdw^{-1}$로 평균 93.0 $mgO_2\;{\cdot}\;gdw^{-1}$ 이였다. 저질내의 TP및 TN의 농도는 각각 0.04-1.46 $mgP\;{\cdot}\;gdw^{-1}$ 및 0.12-1.03 $mgN\;{\cdot}\;gdw^{-1}$이었다. 표층의 엽록소 a의 정점별 평균값은 정점 1, 2 및 3에서 각각 15.6, 15.2 및 16.0 $mg\;{\cdot}\;m^{-3}$으로 유사하였다. 식물플랑크톤은 총 49종이 출현하였으며, 생물량은 50-23, 350 cells ${\cdot}\;mL^{-1}$로 2001년 9월에 가장 많았다. 이 시기의 우점종은 녹조류인 Schroederia judayi이였으며, 생물량은 20,417 cells ${\cdot}\;mL^{-1}$이였다. 송지호의 수질을 개선하기 위해서는 인위적으로 화학성층을 파괴시켜 심충에 용존산소를 공급시켜야 할 것으로 판단되며, 모래톱으로 인해 막혀져 있는 해수교환을 항상 원할 하게 유지될 수 있도록 하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.