• Title/Summary/Keyword: $M_gB_2$

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Effects of Taraxacum mongolicum Extract on Blood Glucose Levels and Lipid Profiles in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

  • Hye Kyoung Han;Eun Young Choi
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.50-57
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    • 2023
  • This study was designed to evaluate antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of ethanol extracts of Taraxacum mongolicum(T.m.) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: normal (NC), STZ-control (DC), and three experimental groups. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with a single intravenous injection [45 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] of STZ. An ethanol extract of T.m. was orally given to diabetic rats for 14 days. Three experimental groups were additionally treated with T.m. extract at doses of 1 g/kg b.w./day for T.m.-1, 2 g/kg b.w./day for T.m.-2, and 3 g/kg b.w./day for T.m.-3. Oral administration of T.m.-2 significantly increased their body weights. T.m.-1 and T.m.-2 significantly decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels than DC. T.m.-1 and T.m.-2 group significantly decreased blood glucose levels. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were significantly decreased whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased in groups treated with T.m. extract than those in the DC group. These results support the fact that administration of T.m. extract can reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia risk in diabetic rats.

$^{11}B$ NMR study of $M_gB_2$ superconductor

  • Lee, Moon-Hee;Halperin, W.P.;Cho, B.-K.
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2005
  • $^{11}B$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been performed to investigate electronic structures and vortex states of $M_gB_2$ superconductor. The central transition shows a narrow peak down to 25 K at 3.15 T. Below 25 K, an extra line starts to show up and dominates. The extra line is broad and asymmetric with a long tail in the high frequency side, which confirms that this originates from vortex pinning below the irreversibility temperature. From temperature evolution of the fraction and linewidth of the broad portion, temperature dependence of coherence length and penetration depth are extracted.

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Microwave Dielectric Properties of (Pb0.4Ca0.6)[(Fe1/2Nb1/2)1-x(Mg1/3Nb2/3)x]O3 Ceramics

  • Kim, Eung-Soo;Han, Ki-Moon;Kim, Jong-Hee;Yoon, Ki-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.323-327
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    • 2003
  • Microwave dielectric properties of (P $b_{0.4}$C $a_{0.6}$)[($Fe_{\frac{1}{2}}$N $b_{\frac{1}{2}}$)$_{1-x}$ (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)x] $O_3$ (PCFMN) ceramics were investigated as a function of (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)$^{4+}$ content (0.1$\leq$x$\leq$0.8). A single perovskite phase with the cubic structure was obtained through the given composition range. The unit cell volume was increased with (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)$^{4+}$, due to the larger average ionic size of (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)$^{4+}$ than that of ($Fe_{\frac{1}{2}}$N $b_{\frac{1}{2}}$)$^{4+}$ for B-site ion. Dielectric constant (K) and Temperature Coefficient of Resonant Frequency(TCF) of PCFMN ceramics were dependent on (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)$^{4+}$ content due to the decrease of ionic polarizability and B-site bond valence, respectively. Qf value was decreased with (M $g_{1}$ 3/N $b_{2}$ 3/)$^{4+}$ content due to the decrease of grain size. Typically, K of 73.56, Qf of 5,074 GHz and TCF of -6.45 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ were obtained for the specimens with x=0.4 sintered at 125$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 h.125$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 h.

On Generalized 𝜙-recurrent Kenmotsu Manifolds with respect to Quarter-symmetric Metric Connection

  • Hui, Shyamal Kumar;Lemence, Richard Santiago
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • v.58 no.2
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    • pp.347-359
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    • 2018
  • A Kenmotsu manifold $M^n({\phi},\;{\xi},\;{\eta},\;g)$, (n = 2m + 1 > 3) is called a generalized ${\phi}-recurrent$ if its curvature tensor R satisfies $${\phi}^2(({\nabla}_wR)(X,Y)Z)=A(W)R(X,Y)Z+B(W)G(X,Y)Z$$ for all $X,\;Y,\;Z,\;W{\in}{\chi}(M)$, where ${\nabla}$ denotes the operator of covariant differentiation with respect to the metric g, i.e. ${\nabla}$ is the Riemannian connection, A, B are non-vanishing 1-forms and G is given by G(X, Y)Z = g(Y, Z)X - g(X, Z)Y. In particular, if A = 0 = B then the manifold is called a ${\phi}-symmetric$. Now, a Kenmotsu manifold $M^n({\phi},\;{\xi},\;{\eta},\;g)$, (n = 2m + 1 > 3) is said to be generalized ${\phi}-Ricci$ recurrent if it satisfies $${\phi}^2(({\nabla}_wQ)(Y))=A(X)QY+B(X)Y$$ for any vector field $X,\;Y{\in}{\chi}(M)$, where Q is the Ricci operator, i.e., g(QX, Y) = S(X, Y) for all X, Y. In this paper, we study generalized ${\phi}-recurrent$ and generalized ${\phi}-Ricci$ recurrent Kenmotsu manifolds with respect to quarter-symmetric metric connection and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition of a generalized ${\phi}-recurrent$ Kenmotsu manifold with respect to quarter symmetric metric connection to be generalized Ricci recurrent Kenmotsu manifold with respect to quarter symmetric metric connection.

Effects of GABA on Erythropoiesis in the Hep3B Cell and Rat Exposed to Hypoxia

  • Yoon, Joongsoo;Sim, In-Suk
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.69-76
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    • 2021
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced erythropoietin (EPO) and EPO-receptor expression in human Hep3B cells and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats during hypoxia. Expression levels of EPO, EPO-R mRNA, Janus kinase-2 (JAK-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and HIF-2 in response to GABA treatment were evaluated in cell lines. SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 rats each, and GABA was orally administered; the groups were the normal control (NC), hypoxia-exposed (G0), as well as the GABA 1 mg/100 g body weight (BW) GABA treated group (G1), 5 mg/100 g BW GABA treated group (G5), and 10 mg/100 g BW GABA treated group (G10) with hypoxia. We analyzed EPO levels and red blood cell counts in rat blood and EPO gene expression in kidney tissue. EPO and VEGF mRNA levels in Hep3B cells exposed to hypoxia were significantly increased and further increased after GABA treatment. However, the expression of EPO-R and JAK-2 mRNAs were not affected by GABA, but hypoxia-induced HIF-1 and HIF-2 mRNA expression was inhibited by GABA. In the kidney tissue of rats exposed to hypoxia, the expression level of EPO mRNA was greatly increased, but levels in the GABA treatment groups significantly decreased. EPO levels in the serum showed the same significant trend, but the red blood cell counts were not significantly different. These findings demonstrate that HIF-1 and HIF-2 activation increase EPO expression in Hep3B cells exposed to hypoxia. However HIF decreased by GABA addition and VEGF increased significantly.

DRG2 Regulates G2/M Progression via the Cyclin B1-Cdk1 Complex

  • Jang, Soo Hwa;Kim, Ah-Ram;Park, Neung-Hwa;Park, Jeong Woo;Han, In-Seob
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.39 no.9
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    • pp.699-704
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    • 2016
  • Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (DRG2) plays an important role in cell growth. Here we explored the linkage between DRG2 and G2/M phase checkpoint function in cell cycle progression. We observed that knockdown of DRG2 in HeLa cells affected growth in a wound-healing assay, and tumorigenicity in nude mice xenografts. Flow cytometry assays and [$^3H$] incorporation assays indicated that G2/M phase arrest was responsible for the decreased proliferation of these cells. Knockdown of DRG2 elicited down-regulation of the major mitotic promoting factor, the cyclin B1/Cdk1 complex, but upregulation of the cell cycle arresting proteins, Wee1, Myt1, and p21. These findings identify a novel role of DRG2 in G2/M progression.

B4G (Beyond 4G) 시스템을 위한 주파수 활용 기술

  • Lee, Gyeong-Seon;Kim, Yun-Hyeon;Kim, Jin-Yeong
    • Information and Communications Magazine
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    • v.29 no.8
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    • pp.42-49
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    • 2012
  • 본고에서는 B4G (Beyond 4G) 시스템의 기술 동향과 B4G 시스템을 위한 다양한 주파수 활용 기술에 대해 알아본다. B4G 시스템은 4G 통신 시스템 뿐만 아니라 기존 3G 이동통신망 또는 무선랜 시스템 등이 융합되어 다양한 서비스를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 셀룰러망 기반의 새로운 M2M (Machine - to - Machine) 프로토콜의 등장으로 단말 간 직접통신 기술이 새로운 화두로 자리 잡고 있다. 이러한 B4G 시스템을 위해서는 효율적인 무선자원 활용이 가능한 주파수 활용 기술이 필수적인 핵심 요소이다. 따라서 본고에서는 향후 도래할 B4G 시스템의 요소 기술들을 소개하고, 이를 위한 핵심적인 주파수 활용 기술에 대해 알아보고자 한다.

Preservers of Gershgorin Set of Jordan Product of Matrices

  • Joshi, Manoj;Rajeshwari, Kota Nagalakshmi;Santaram, Kilambi;Kanodia, Sandeep
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • v.58 no.4
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    • pp.589-597
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    • 2018
  • For $A,B{\in}M_2(\mathbb{C})$, let the Jordan product be AB + BA and G(A) the eigenvalue inclusion set, the Gershgorin set of A. Characterization is obtained for maps ${\phi}:M_2(\mathbb{C}){\rightarrow}M_2(\mathbb{C})$ satisfying $$G[{\phi}(A){\phi}(B)+{\phi}(B){\phi}(A)]=G(AB+BA)$$ for all matrices A and B. In fact, it is shown that such a map has the form ${\phi}(A)={\pm}(PD)A(PD)^{-1}$, where P is a permutation matrix and D is a unitary diagonal matrix in $M_2(\mathbb{C})$.

CpG-DNA induces bacteria-reactive IgM enhancing phagocytic activity against Staphylococcus aureus infection

  • Kim, Te Ha;Kim, Dongbum;Lee, Heesu;Kwak, Min Hyung;Park, Sangkyu;Lee, Younghee;Kwon, Hyung-Joo
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.52 no.11
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    • pp.635-640
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    • 2019
  • CpG-DNA triggers the proliferation and differentiation of B cells which results in the increased production of antibodies. The presence of bacteria-reactive IgM in normal serum was reported; however, the relevance of CpG-DNA with the production of bacteria-reactive IgM has not been investigated. Here, we proved the function of CpG-DNA for the production of bacteria-reactive IgM. CpG-DNA administration led to increased production of bacteria-reactive IgM both in the peritoneal fluid and serum through TLR9 signaling pathway. When we stimulated B cells with CpG-DNA, production of bacteria-reactive IgM was reproduced in vitro. We established a bacteria-reactive monoclonal IgM antibody using CpG-DNA stimulated-peritoneal B cells. The monoclonal IgM antibody enhanced the phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells against S. aureus MW2 infection. Therefore, we suggest that CpG-DNA enhances the antibacterial activity of the immune system by triggering the production of bacteria-reactive IgM. We also suggest the possible application of the antibodies for the treatment of antibiotics-resistant bacterial infections.

CERTAIN GENERALIZED THORN GRAPHS AND THEIR WIENER INDICES

  • Kathiresan, KM.;Parameswaran, C.
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.30 no.5_6
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    • pp.793-807
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    • 2012
  • If G is any connected graph of order p; then the thorn graph $G_p^*$ with code ($n_1$, $n_2$, ${\cdots}$, $n_p$) is obtained by adding $n_i$ pendent vertices to each $i^{th}$ vertex of G. By treating the pendent edge of a thorn graph as $P_2$, $K_2$, $K_{1,1}$, $K_1{\circ}K_1$ or $P_1{\circ}K_1$, we generalize a thorn graph by replacing $P_2$ by $P_m$, $K_2$ by $K_m$, $K_{1,1}$ by $K_{m,n}$, $K_1{\circ}K_1$ by $K_m{\circ}K_1$ and $P_1{\circ}K_1$ by $P_m{\circ}K_1$ and their respective generalized thorn graphs are denoted by $G_P$, $G_K$, $G_B$, $G_{KK}$ and $G_{PK}$ respectively. Many chemical compounds can be treated as $G_P$, $G_K$, $G_B$, $G_{KK}$ and $G_{PK}$ of some graphs in graph theory. In this paper, we obtain the bounds of the wiener index for these generalization of thorn graphs.